imported>Strickesel: Added some transliteration tags so that non-English words aren't detected as typos by spellcheckers like Wikipedia:Typo_Team/moss.

2021-05-14T12:53:15Z

Added some transliteration tags so that non-English words aren't detected as typos by spellcheckers like Wikipedia:Typo_Team/moss.

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{{for|places in Iran|Mashak, Iran (disambiguation){{!}}Mashak, Iran}}
The '''mashak''' (also known as '''{{transl|gbm|mushak baja}}''', '''{{transl|gbm|masak}}''', '''{{transl|gbm|mishek}}''', '''''{{transl|gbm|meshek}}''''', '''''{{transl|gbm|moshug}}''''', '''''{{transl|gbm|moshaq}}''''', '''''{{transl|gbm|moshuq}}''''', '''''{{transl|gbm|mashak bin}}''', '''{{transl|gbm|bin baji}}''')'' is a type of [[bagpipe]] found in Northern India, [[Uttarakhand]], Sudurpaschim Province (especially Baitadi and Darchula district) of Nepal and parts of Pakistan and Afghanistan.<ref name="AssociationBritain)1894">{{cite conference |last=Day |first=CR |title=Notes on Indian Music |book-title=Proceedings of the Royal Musical Association |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-8w5AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA64 |conference=Twentieth Session, 1893–94 |date=13 February 1894 |publisher=Novello, Ewer, & Co |location=London |pages=64–}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title = Garhwali Bagpipes: Syncretic Processes in a North Indian Regional Musical Tradition|jstor = 834409|journal = Asian Music|date = 1997-10-01|pages = 1–16|volume = 29|issue = 1|doi = 10.2307/834409|first = Andrew|last = Alter}}</ref> The pipe was associated with weddings and festive occasions.<ref name="Associates1993">{{cite book|author=Himal Associates|title=Himāl|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xcEWAQAAMAAJ|accessdate=23 April 2011|year=1993|publisher=Himal Associates|page=24}}</ref> In India it is historically found in [[Garhwal Himalaya|Garhwal]] (kumaon) in [[Uttarakhand]], [[Rajasthan]] and [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref>Andrew Alter. ''[https://www.jstor.org/stable/834409 Garhwali & Kumaoni Bagpipes: Syncretic Processes in a North Indian Regional Musical Tradition]''. Asian Music, Vol. 29, No. 1 (Autumn, 1997 - Winter, 1998), pp. 1-16.
Published by: University of Texas Press, link at JSTOR.</ref> This bagpipe uses [[single reed]]s,<ref name="Dournon2000">{{cite book|author=Geneviève Dournon|title=Handbook for the collection of traditional music and musical instruments|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kGgIAQAAMAAJ|accessdate=23 April 2011|date=May 2000|publisher=Unesco|isbn=978-92-3-103304-9|page=23}}</ref> and can be played either as a [[Drone (music)|drone]] or as a [[melody]] instrument.<ref name="Marcuse1975">{{cite book|author=Sibyl Marcuse|title=A survey of musical instruments|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofmusicali00marc|url-access=registration|accessdate=24 April 2011|date=April 1975|publisher=Harper & Row|isbn=978-0-06-012776-3}}</ref>

==Etymology==
The etymology of the term ''mashak'' stems from its common use in India, referring to a skin bag used for carrying water. This skin bag shares a similar function to the air bag of the bag pipes.<ref>{{Cite journal|title = Garhwali Bagpipes: Syncretic Processes in a North Indian Regional Musical Tradition|jstor = 834409|journal = Asian Music|date = 1997-10-01|pages = 1–16|volume = 29|issue = 1|doi = 10.2307/834409|first = Andrew|last = Alter}}</ref>

==Relation with the Scottish Highland pipes==

Some academics dispute any indigenous origins of the mashak; researcher [[Ander Burton Alter]] wrote in 2000 that the pipes today played in Kumaon are Scottish Highland bagpipes with one bass and two tenor drones, with no local manufacturer or evidence of existence prior to British rule in 1814.<ref>Alter, Andrew Burton. 2000. ''Dancing the Gods: Power and Meaning in the Music of Garhwal, North India''. Monash University, Victoria, Australia.</ref> Organologist [[Anthony Baines]], however, described an intermediary development stage wherein Indian musicians imitated the Highland pipe by tying "an extra pipe or two" into their mashak.<ref name="Baines1979">{{cite book|author=Anthony Baines|title=Bagpipes|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a6MIAQAAMAAJ|accessdate=23 April 2011|year=1979|publisher=Pitt Rivers Museum|page=56}}</ref> Similarly, the ''New Grove Dictionary of Musical Instruments'' (1984) describes the traditional mashak as becoming rare as it is displaced by the Scottish pipes.<ref name="Sadie1984">{{cite book|author=Stanley Sadie|title=The New Grove dictionary of musical instruments|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BGoYAAAAIAAJ|accessdate=23 April 2011|year=1984|publisher=Macmillan Press|isbn=978-0-943818-05-4}}</ref>

== Garhwali bagpipes ==
The Garhwali bagpipe is the name to which the [[Garhwali people]] of Northern India have given the masak baja.

=== Cultural significance ===
In the central Himalayan region of [[Garhwal division|Garhwal]] in [[North India|Northern India]] the masak baja is an important part of rural wedding ceremonies. The masak baja is played to process with the groom's on their way to and from the bride's village.<ref>{{Cite journal|title = Garhwali Bagpipes: Syncretic Processes in a North Indian Regional Musical Tradition|jstor = 834409|journal = Asian Music|date = 1997-10-01|pages = 1–16|volume = 29|issue = 1|doi = 10.2307/834409|first = Andrew|last = Alter}}</ref> The masak is accompanied by two pipers and drummers. The masak and its accompanying instruments send a clear message across the audible area that a wedding is taking place.

==Discography==
*Various Artists – ''[http://www.dekulture.com/10-63-album-footprints-in-the-desert.php Footprints In The Desert...] ''track ''Rajasthan's Bagpipe (Mashak)''. De Kulture
*Various – ''[http://www.discogs.com/Various-MUSIC-FROM-THE-SHRINES-OF-AJMER-AND-MUNDRA/release/1853917 Music From The Shrines Of Ajmer and Mundra]'' track ''Populat Naubat Shahna'i''. Topic Records (UK), 1995

==See also==
{{Portal|India|Music}}
*[[Titti (bagpipe)]], a Telugu bagpipe of Andhra Pradesh
*[[Sruti upanga]], a drone bagpipe of Tamil Nadu

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Musical instruments of Nepal}}

[[Category:Bagpipes]]
[[Category:Indian musical instruments]]
[[Category:Rajasthani music]]

Mashak - Revision history

imported>Strickesel: Added some transliteration tags so that non-English words aren't detected as typos by spellcheckers like Wikipedia:Typo_Team/moss.