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	<id>https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Marwari_people</id>
	<title>Marwari people - Revision history</title>
	<link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Marwari_people"/>
	<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marwari_people&amp;action=history"/>
	<updated>2026-08-18T12:40:47Z</updated>
	<subtitle>Revision history for this page on the wiki</subtitle>
	<generator>MediaWiki 1.43.6</generator>
	<entry>
		<id>https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marwari_people&amp;diff=547427&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>12.252.201.202: reworked details for clarity and corrected details per sources</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marwari_people&amp;diff=547427&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2026-01-28T14:28:33Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;reworked details for clarity and corrected details per sources&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 19:58, 28 January 2026&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l31&quot;&gt;Line 31:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 31:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Etymology==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Etymology==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The term &#039;&#039;Marwari&#039;&#039; once referred to the area encompassed by the former [[princely state]] of [[Marwar]], also called the [[Jodhpur division|Jodhpur]] region of southwest [[Rajasthan]] in [[India]]. It formed from the two constituent words, Maru (region of [[Thar Desert]])&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite web |title=मरु के राजस्थानी अर्थ {{!}} maru meaning in Rajasthani {{!}} Anjas |url=https://anjas.org/rajasthani-dictionary/maru-meaning |access-date=7 October 2024 |website=anjas.org |language=en}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; and Wadi (enclosure),&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite web |title=वाड़ी के राजस्थानी अर्थ {{!}} vaadii-1 meaning in Rajasthani {{!}} Anjas |url=https://anjas.org/rajasthani-dictionary/vaadii-1-meaning |website=anjas.org |access-date=7 October 2024}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; effectively indicating the western part of modern day Rajasthan.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite web|url=https://webconte.com/community/marwari |title=Marwari - Meaning, People, Religion, Caste, History|website=WebConte}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;{{unreliable source|date=February 2022|reason=Non [[&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;BP&lt;/del&gt;:RS]] blog type source}} It has evolved to be a designation for the [[Rajasthani people]] in general but it is used particularly with reference to certain [[jāti]]s that fall within the [[Bania (caste)|Bania]] community. The most prominent among these communities are the [[Agarwal|Agrawal]]s, [[Khandelwal Vaishya|Khandelwals]], [[Maheshwari]]s and [[Oswal]]s.&amp;lt;ref name=Kudaisya2009p87&amp;gt;{{cite book |chapter=Marwari and Chettiar Merchants. 1850s-1950s: Comparative Trajectories |first=Medha M. |last=Kudaisya |title=Chinese and Indian Business: Historical Antecedents |editor1-first=Medha M. |editor1-last=Kudaisya |editor2-first=Chin-Keong |editor2-last=Ng |publisher=BRILL |location=Leiden |year=2009 |isbn=978-90-04-17279-1 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eQJfjnWly5wC&amp;amp;pg=PA87 |page=87 |access-date=23 May 2012}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; It is possible that the association of the &#039;&#039;Marwari&#039;&#039; term with Jodhpur owes more to the high status of that place in pre-independence India.&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;hardgrove&quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The term &#039;&#039;Marwari&#039;&#039; once referred to the area encompassed by the former [[princely state]] of [[Marwar]], also called the [[Jodhpur division|Jodhpur]] region of southwest [[Rajasthan]] in [[India]]. It formed from the two constituent words, Maru (region of [[Thar Desert]])&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite web |title=मरु के राजस्थानी अर्थ {{!}} maru meaning in Rajasthani {{!}} Anjas |url=https://anjas.org/rajasthani-dictionary/maru-meaning |access-date=7 October 2024 |website=anjas.org |language=en}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; and Wadi (enclosure),&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite web |title=वाड़ी के राजस्थानी अर्थ {{!}} vaadii-1 meaning in Rajasthani {{!}} Anjas |url=https://anjas.org/rajasthani-dictionary/vaadii-1-meaning |website=anjas.org |access-date=7 October 2024}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; effectively indicating the western part of modern day Rajasthan.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite web|url=https://webconte.com/community/marwari |title=Marwari - Meaning, People, Religion, Caste, History|website=WebConte}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;{{unreliable source|date=February 2022|reason=Non [[&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;WP&lt;/ins&gt;:RS]] blog type source}} It has evolved to be a designation for the [[Rajasthani people]] in general but it is used particularly with reference to certain [[jāti]]s that fall within the [[Bania (caste)|Bania]] community. The most prominent among these communities are the [[Agarwal|Agrawal]]s, [[Khandelwal Vaishya|Khandelwals]], [[Maheshwari]]s and [[Oswal]]s.&amp;lt;ref name=Kudaisya2009p87&amp;gt;{{cite book |chapter=Marwari and Chettiar Merchants. 1850s-1950s: Comparative Trajectories |first=Medha M. |last=Kudaisya |title=Chinese and Indian Business: Historical Antecedents |editor1-first=Medha M. |editor1-last=Kudaisya |editor2-first=Chin-Keong |editor2-last=Ng |publisher=BRILL |location=Leiden |year=2009 |isbn=978-90-04-17279-1 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eQJfjnWly5wC&amp;amp;pg=PA87 |page=87 |access-date=23 May 2012}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; It is possible that the association of the &#039;&#039;Marwari&#039;&#039; term with Jodhpur owes more to the high status of that place in pre-independence India.&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;hardgrove&quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Dwijendra Tripathi believes that the term &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Marwari&amp;#039;&amp;#039; was probably used by the traders only when they were outside their home region; that is, by the diaspora.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite book |chapter=From Community to Class: The Marwaris in a Historical Perspective |first=Dwijendra |last=Tripathi |title=Facets of a Marwar Historian |editor1-first=B. L. |editor1-last=Bhandani |editor2-first=Dwijendra |editor2-last=Tripathi |location=Jaipur |publisher=Publication Scheme |year=1996 |pages=189–196 |isbn=978-81-86782-18-7}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Anne Hardgrove also supports this argument, saying that the Marwari identity could only exist in the context of a diaspora who came &amp;#039;&amp;#039;from&amp;#039;&amp;#039; somewhere and that until they migrated they had no such designation.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;hardgrove&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite journal |title=Sati Worship and Marwari Public Identity in India |first=Anne |last=Hardgrove |journal=The Journal of Asian Studies |volume=58 |issue=3 |date=August 1999 |pages=723–752 |jstor=2659117|doi=10.2307/2659117 |s2cid=162498846 |doi-access=free}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Dwijendra Tripathi believes that the term &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Marwari&amp;#039;&amp;#039; was probably used by the traders only when they were outside their home region; that is, by the diaspora.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite book |chapter=From Community to Class: The Marwaris in a Historical Perspective |first=Dwijendra |last=Tripathi |title=Facets of a Marwar Historian |editor1-first=B. L. |editor1-last=Bhandani |editor2-first=Dwijendra |editor2-last=Tripathi |location=Jaipur |publisher=Publication Scheme |year=1996 |pages=189–196 |isbn=978-81-86782-18-7}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Anne Hardgrove also supports this argument, saying that the Marwari identity could only exist in the context of a diaspora who came &amp;#039;&amp;#039;from&amp;#039;&amp;#039; somewhere and that until they migrated they had no such designation.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;hardgrove&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite journal |title=Sati Worship and Marwari Public Identity in India |first=Anne |last=Hardgrove |journal=The Journal of Asian Studies |volume=58 |issue=3 |date=August 1999 |pages=723–752 |jstor=2659117|doi=10.2307/2659117 |s2cid=162498846 |doi-access=free}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l92&quot;&gt;Line 92:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 92:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Notable people==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Notable people==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Bharatpedia &lt;/del&gt;♦♦♦---&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Wikipedia &lt;/ins&gt;♦♦♦---&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦---&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦---&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>12.252.201.202</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marwari_people&amp;diff=453865&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Md. Toslim Bhuiyan Prantik: added info</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marwari_people&amp;diff=453865&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2026-01-28T14:28:33Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;added info&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;//en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marwari_people&amp;amp;diff=453865&amp;amp;oldid=139799&quot;&gt;Show changes&lt;/a&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Md. Toslim Bhuiyan Prantik</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marwari_people&amp;diff=139799&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>imported&gt;Niceguyedc: v2.04 - Repaired 1 link to disambiguation page - (You can help) - Barmer / Fix errors for CW project (Reference before punctuation - Spelling and typography)</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marwari_people&amp;diff=139799&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2021-08-23T19:55:45Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;v2.04 - Repaired 1 link to disambiguation page - &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.bharatpedia.org/wiki/BP:DPL&quot; class=&quot;extiw&quot; title=&quot;wp:DPL&quot;&gt;(You can help)&lt;/a&gt; - &lt;a href=&quot;/wiki/Barmer&quot; title=&quot;Barmer&quot;&gt;Barmer&lt;/a&gt; / Fix errors for &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.bharatpedia.org/wiki/BP:WCW&quot; class=&quot;extiw&quot; title=&quot;wp:WCW&quot;&gt;CW project&lt;/a&gt; (Reference before punctuation - Spelling and typography)&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{Short description|Ethnic group that originated from Rajasthan, India}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Other uses|Marwari (disambiguation){{!}}Marwari}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{EngvarB|date=June 2015}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox ethnic group&lt;br /&gt;
| group = Marwari&lt;br /&gt;
| flag = &amp;lt;!-- (image filename) --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| flag_caption = &lt;br /&gt;
| image = Marwadi Husband and Wife in Traditional Attire Rajasthan India.jpg&lt;br /&gt;
| image_caption = Marwari husband and wife in traditional attire&lt;br /&gt;
| population = &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;{{Circa|8 million|lk=yes}}&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web |title=Marwari |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/rwr/24|website=Ethnologue}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| genealogy = &lt;br /&gt;
| regions = &lt;br /&gt;
| region1 = India&lt;br /&gt;
| pop1 = 7,800,000 &lt;br /&gt;
| region2 = Pakistan&lt;br /&gt;
| pop2 = 500,000 virtually all [[Marwari Muslims|Muslims]] and located in [[Karachi]]&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url= https://www.thenews.com.pk/archive/print/57368-karachi’s-own-marwari-community |title= Karachi&amp;#039;s own Marwari community |work= The News International |date=27 May 2007 |access-date=28 April 2021}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| region3 = Nepal&lt;br /&gt;
| pop3 = 51,443&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;cbs&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{Cite web|url=https://unstats.un.org/unsD/demographic/sources/census/wphc/Nepal/Nepal-Census-2011-Vol1.pdf|title=Nepal Census 2011}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; [[Terai]] region and [[Kathmandu Valley]]&lt;br /&gt;
| ref3 =&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.timesofindia.com/world/rest-of-world/Living-in-dread-Marwaris-start-fleeing-Nepal/articleshow/1916984.cms|title=Marwari peoples starts fleeing Nepal |work=The Times of India |date=17 April 2007 |access-date=20 January 2018}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
| languages = [[Marwari language|Marwari]], [[Hindi language|Hindi]]&lt;br /&gt;
| religions =Majority: [[Hinduism]]&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;Minority: [[Jainism]], [[Christianity]], [[Islam]]&lt;br /&gt;
| related_groups = [[Rajasthani people]]&lt;br /&gt;
| footnotes = &lt;br /&gt;
| native_name = &lt;br /&gt;
| native_name_lang = &lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
The &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Marwari&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; or &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Marwadi&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; are an [[India]]n ethnic group that originate from the [[Rajasthan]] region of India. Their language, also called [[Marwari language|Marwari]], comes under the umbrella of [[Rajasthani language]]s, which is part of the Western Zone of [[Indo-Aryan languages]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
They have been a highly successful business community, first as inland traders during the era of [[Rajput kingdoms]], and later also as investors in industrial production and other sectors. Today, they control many of the country&amp;#039;s largest media groups. Although spread throughout India, historically they have been most concentrated in [[Kolkata]], [[Mumbai]], [[Chennai]], [[Delhi]], [[Nagpur]], [[Pune]] and the hinterlands of central and eastern India.&lt;br /&gt;
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==Etymology==&lt;br /&gt;
The term &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Marwari&amp;#039;&amp;#039; once referred to the area encompassed by the former [[princely state]] of [[Marwar]], also called the [[Jodhpur]] region of southwest Rajasthan in India. Jodhpur region includes the present districts of [[Barmer district|Barmer]], [[Jalore]], [[Jodhpur]], [[Nagaur]], [[Pali]] and parts of [[Sikar]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://webconte.com/community/marwari |title=Marwari Community, Rajasthan Government}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; It has evolved to be a designation for the [[Rajasthani people]] in general but it is used particularly with reference to certain [[jāti]]s that fall within the [[Bania (caste)|Bania]] community.  The most prominent among these communities, are the [[Agarwal|Agrawal]]s, [[Khandelwal Vaishya|Khandelwals]], [[Maheshwari]]s and [[Oswal]]s.&amp;lt;ref name=Kudaisya2009p87&amp;gt;{{cite book |chapter=Marwari and Chettiar Merchants. 1850s-1950s: Comparative Trajectories |first=Medha M. |last=Kudaisya |title=Chinese and Indian Business: Historical Antecedents |editor1-first=Medha M. |editor1-last=Kudaisya |editor2-first=Chin-Keong |editor2-last=Ng |publisher=BRILL |location=Leiden |year=2009 |isbn=978-90-04-17279-1 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eQJfjnWly5wC&amp;amp;pg=PA87 |page=87 |access-date=23 May 2012}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; That said, most people now considered to be of the Marwari community actually have their origins in the districts of [[Jhunjhunu]], [[Churu district|Churu]] and [[Shekhawati]] rather than Jodhpur; it is possible that the association of the &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Marwari&amp;#039;&amp;#039; term with Jodhpur owes more to the high status of that place in pre-independence India.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;hardgrove&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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Dwijendra Tripathi believes that the term &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Marwari&amp;#039;&amp;#039; was probably used by the traders only when they were outside their home region; that is, by the diaspora.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite book |chapter=From Community to Class: The Marwaris in a Historical Perspective |first=Dwijendra |last=Tripathi |title=Facets of a Marwar Historian |editor1-first=B. L. |editor1-last=Bhandani |editor2-first=Dwijendra |editor2-last=Tripathi |location=Jaipur |publisher=Publication Scheme |year=1996 |pages=189–196 |isbn=978-81-86782-18-7}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Anne Hardgrove also supports this argument, saying that the Marwari identity could only exist in the context of a diaspora who came &amp;#039;&amp;#039;from&amp;#039;&amp;#039; somewhere and that until they migrated they had no such designation.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;hardgrove&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite journal |title=Sati Worship and Marwari Public Identity in India |first=Anne |last=Hardgrove |journal=The Journal of Asian Studies |volume=58 |issue=3 |date=August 1999 |pages=723–752 |jstor=2659117|doi=10.2307/2659117 }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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==History==&lt;br /&gt;
===Early origins===&lt;br /&gt;
Marwari traders have historically been migratory in habit. The possible causes of this trait include the proximity of their homeland to the major [[Ganges]] - [[Yamuna]] trade route; movement to escape famine; and the encouragement given to them by various rulers of northern India who saw advantages in having their skills in banking and finance.&amp;lt;ref name=Kudaisya2009p87/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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The pattern of Marwari migration became increasingly divergent following the decline in wars between Rajput kingdoms, which the Marwaris had helped to finance, and the decreasing influence of the community over the North Indian caravan trading routes that resulted from the British establishing themselves in the region. The changed focus of migration was also encouraged by the British establishment of new trading routes and centres, as well as by the declining political significance of the Rajput courts whose famed conspicuous consumption had been supported by Marwari money. The community welcomed the relative safety that the British presence offered, as well as the commercial and legal frameworks that they provided and which were more favourable to Marwari activities than the systems prevalent during the earlier period of [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] and Rajput rule.&amp;lt;ref name=Kudaisya2009p88&amp;gt;{{cite book |chapter=Marwari and Chettiar Merchants. 1850s-1950s: Comparative Trajectories |first=Medha M. |last=Kudaisya |title=Chinese and Indian Business: Historical Antecedents |editor1-first=Medha M. |editor1-last=Kudaisya |editor2-first=Chin-Keong |editor2-last=Ng |publisher=BRILL |location=Leiden |year=2009 |isbn=978-90-04-17279-1 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eQJfjnWly5wC&amp;amp;pg=PA88 |page=88 |access-date=23 May 2012}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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The Marwari [[Jagat Seth]] family served as bankers to the [[Mughal Empire|Mughals]].&lt;br /&gt;
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===British era===&lt;br /&gt;
After the decline of Mughal authority in Bengal, Marwari traders, bankers and financiers migrated to the growing British power in Calcutta.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rcNdAgAAQBAJ&amp;amp;pg=PA197|title=Commodifying Everything : Relationships of the Market.|last=Strasser|first=Susan|year=2013|publisher=Taylor and Francis|isbn=978-1-13670-685-1|location=Hoboken|page=197}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; There were particularly significant population shifts to [[Mumbai|Bombay]] between 1835-1850 and Kolkata from the 1870s, as well as to [[Chennai|Madras]].&amp;lt;ref name=Kudaisya2009p88/&amp;gt; They continued to spread into areas of British control throughout the nineteenth century, becoming established as &amp;#039;&amp;#039;sahukars&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (moneylenders) and inland trade-brokers in central India and Maharashtra. The migration of these traders accelerated in the second half of the nineteenth century which led to growing unpopularity, and acts of communal violence against them.{{citation needed|date=January 2018}}&lt;br /&gt;
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Historian Medha M. Kudaisya has said that the Marwaris:&lt;br /&gt;
{{Quote|made the transition from being niche players in trading to becoming industrial conglomerates&amp;amp;nbsp;... From being brokers and bankers, the Marwaris went on to break the British monopoly over the jute industry after World War I; they then moved into other industrial sectors, such as cotton and sugar, and set up diversified conglomerates. By the 1950s, the Marwaris dominated the India private industry scenario, emerging as the establishers of its most prominent business houses.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite book |chapter=Marwari and Chettiar Merchants. 1850s-1950s: Comparative Trajectories |first=Medha M. |last=Kudaisya |title=Chinese and Indian Business: Historical Antecedents |editor1-first=Medha M. |editor1-last=Kudaisya |editor2-first=Chin-Keong |editor2-last=Ng |publisher=BRILL |location=Leiden |year=2009 |isbn=978-90-04-17279-1 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eQJfjnWly5wC&amp;amp;pg=PA86 |page=86 |access-date=2012-05-23}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;
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A considerable number of Marwari business groups made their fortune on speculative markets in the nineteenth and early twentieth century.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:0&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5cWUAwAAQBAJ&amp;amp;pg=PT56|title=The Marwaris: from Jagat Seth to the Birlas|last=Timberg|first=Thomas A.|publisher=Portfolio Penguin|year=2014|isbn=978-0-14342-405-5|location=New Delhi|page=56}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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Although maintaining close and public ties with the British authorities, members of the Marwari business community were early financial supporters of the [[History of the Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress]], often in secret.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:0&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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===Independent India===&lt;br /&gt;
In 1956, the All-India Marwari Federation opposed a linguistic organisation of states whilst buying up regional language newspapers in [[Maharashtra]], [[Tamil Nadu]] and [[Andhra Pradesh]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The Times of India&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, 11 February 1956, p. 3.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Today, they control many of the country&amp;#039;s largest media groups.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.forbesindia.com/article/marwari-power/indian-media-marwaris-write-the-script/37361/1|title=Indian Media: Marwaris Write the Script {{!}} Forbes India|last=Ajwani|first=Deepak|date=18 March 2014|website=Forbes India|language=en-US|access-date=25 November 2017}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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The community&amp;#039;s control of the Indian economy declined following the country&amp;#039;s 1991 economic reforms. From a peak of controlling 24 per cent in 1990, it had fallen to less than 2 per cent in 2000. This reflects the growth of new industries outside of commodities trading and primary production. The figure for year &amp;quot;2000&amp;quot; is considered to be lower than the position in 1939, when the community first began its resurgence.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/Marwaris-losing-business-acumen/articleshow/9005397.cms|title=Marwaris losing business acumen|last=Niyogi|first=Subhro|date=6 May 2002|work=The Times of India|access-date=27 November 2017}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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==Language==&lt;br /&gt;
Marwari, or Marrubhasha, as it is referred to by Marwaris, is the traditional, historical, language of the Marwari ethnicity. The Marwari language is closely related to the Rajasthani language. The latter evolved from the [[Old Gujarati language|Old Gujarati]] (also called &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Old Western Rajasthani&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Gujjar Bhakha&amp;#039;&amp;#039; or &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Maru-Gurjar&amp;#039;&amp;#039;), language spoken by the people in [[Gujarat]] and Rajasthan.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite book|title=Revealing India&amp;#039;s past: recent trends in art and archaeology|author=Ajay Mitra Shastri|author2=R. K. Sharma|author3=Devendra Handa|publisher=Aryan Books International|year=2005|isbn=978-81-7305-287-3|page=227|quote=It is an established fact that during 10th-11th century&amp;amp;nbsp;... Interestingly the language was known as the Gujjar Bhakha.}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; It has been noted that throughout the state of Rajasthan, people avoid identifying their language by name, preferring to identify themselves as speaking &amp;quot;Rajasthani&amp;quot; with Marwari literature and taught as Rajasthani until secondary level.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-documents/lsi/lsi_Rajasthan/5_Marwari.pdf|title=Marwari|last=Mukherjee|first=Kakali|date=2011|website=Census India|page=35}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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== Culture ==&lt;br /&gt;
Marwaris have been known for a tightly knit social solidarity, described by [[Selig Harrison]] in 1960 as &amp;quot;indissoluble under the impact of the strongest regional solvents&amp;quot;.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9jbWCgAAQBAJ&amp;amp;pg=PA116|title=India: the most dangerous decades.|last=Harrison|first=Selig, S.|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=1960|isbn=978-1-40087-780-5|page=116}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The perception held of their culture by other communities is ambivalent at best. Anne Hardgrove notes that they are &amp;quot;known across India for their success in business and industry, and often despised and severely criticised by other Indians for their alleged corruption and social conservatism&amp;quot;. The latter aspect is particularly evident in the status of women within the Marwari community: it is probably correct that, generally speaking, they are less educated than those of even other wealthy communities and if they have any form of further education it tends not to be with the aim of pursuing a career but rather of enhancing domestic life. According to Hardgrove, &amp;quot;The main duty for Marwari women, it would seem, is to provide a stable household life for their husbands, sons and brothers-in-law&amp;quot;, although she acknowledges that some such women have in recent years been attempting to carve out roles in the wider world through engagement in charitable ventures and even running their own businesses.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;hardgrove&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Notable people==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦---&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Nidhhi Agerwal]]&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news |title=Nidhhi Agerwal: I am a Tollywood buff who grew up watching Telugu films dubbed in Hindi - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/nidhhi-agerwal-i-am-a-tollywood-buff-who-grew-up-watching-telugu-films-dubbed-in-hindi/articleshow/61660243.cms |access-date=12 November 2019 |work=The Times of India |language=en}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Janaki Devi Bajaj]]&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;MarwariHeritage&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Rahul Bajaj]]&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;MarwariHeritage&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Shobhana Bhartia]]&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite book |last1=Jain |first1=Gunjan |title=Shobhana Bhartia: (Penguin Petit) |date=2018 |publisher=Penguin Random House India Private Limited |isbn=9789353054175 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=voJ8DwAAQBAJ&amp;amp;q=shobhana+bhartia+marwari&amp;amp;pg=PT34 |access-date=12 November 2019 |language=en}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Kumar Mangalam Birla]]&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news |title=The story of the first couple of the Birla empire |url=https://www.rediff.com/money/slide-show/slide-show-1-the-story-of-the-first-couple-of-the-birla-empire/20110706.htm |access-date=12 November 2019 |work=Rediff |date=6 June 2011 |language=en}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Kishore Biyani]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Binod Chaudhary]]&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:1&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{Cite journal|date=28 May 2019|title=Binod Chaudhary – My Story: From the Streets of Kathmandu to a Billion Dollar Empire.|url=http://www.martinchautari.org.np/files/SINHAS_Book-Reviews/SINHAS-Vol.20-No.2_Book-Reviews_Shubhanga-Pandey.pdf|access-date=28 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024125443/http://www.martinchautari.org.np/files/SINHAS_Book-Reviews/SINHAS-Vol.20-No.2_Book-Reviews_Shubhanga-Pandey.pdf|archive-date=24 October 2018|url-status=live}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Ritu Dalmia]]&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news |last1=Dalmia |first1=Ritu |title=My freedom to love: &amp;#039;I was 23 when I realised I was gay. I told my parents. The next day they sent a box of mangoes for my partner at the time&amp;#039; |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/independence-day-special/story/20160822-ritu-dalmia-my-freedom-to-love-article-377-lgbt-gay-rights-829406-2016-08-12 |access-date=12 November 2019 |work=India Today |date=12 August 2016 |language=en}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Jagmohan Dalmiya]]&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news |last1=Choudhury |first1=Angikaar |title=Jagmohan Dalmiya (1940-2015): The man who symbolised India&amp;#039;s clout in world cricket |url=https://scroll.in/field/756893/jagmohan-dalmiya-1940-2015-the-man-who-symbolised-india-s-clout-in-world-cricket |access-date=12 November 2019 |work=Scroll.in |date=21 September 2015}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Radhakishan Damani]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[S. N. Goenka]]&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news |title=You have to work out your own salvation - Indian Express |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/-you-have-to-work-out-your-own-salvation-/640972/0 |access-date=12 November 2019 |work=archive.indianexpress.com |date=3 July 2010}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Abhishek Jain]]&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;SadWeekly 2015&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite web |title=&amp;#039;કેવી રીતે જઈશ&amp;#039; અને &amp;#039;બે યાર&amp;#039;ના સર્જક અભિષેક જૈન કહે છે...એ ઘટનાએ જ મારી ગુજરાતી ફિલ્મ બનાવવાની ધગશને વધુ પ્રગટાવી| url=http://www.sadhanaweekly.com/article.php?catid=171&amp;amp;issue_date=2015-05-02 | language=gu | date=2 May 2015|access-date=January 30, 2018 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924093349/http://www.sadhanaweekly.com/article.php?catid=171&amp;amp;issue_date=2015-05-02 |archive-date=September 24, 2015}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Shyamanand Jalan]]&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news |title=Shyamanand Jalan: Eminenet theatre actor Shyamanand Jalan dead {{!}} Kolkata News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/Eminenet-theatre-actor-Shyamanand-Jalan-dead/articleshow/5970813.cms |access-date=12 November 2019 |work=The Times of India |date=25 May 2010 |language=en}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Rajeev Khandelwal]]&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news |title=rediff.com: Rajeev Khandelwal chats with Rediff Readers |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2008/jun/11sld4.htm |access-date=12 November 2019 |work=www.rediff.com}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Rohit Khandelwal]]&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news |author=TT Bureau |date=18 September 2016 |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/culture/man-of-the-world/cid/1322667 |title=Man of the world |work=[[The Telegraph (Calcutta)|The Telegraph]] |access-date=25 April 2019}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Lakshmi Mittal]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Sunil Mittal]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Abhishek Singhvi]]&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;MarwariHeritage&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite book |last1=Taknet |first1=D. K. |title=The Marwari Heritage |date=2016 |publisher=IntegralDMS |isbn=9781942322061 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kXS2DAAAQBAJ |access-date=12 November 2019 |language=en}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Laxmi Mall Singhvi]]&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite book |last1=Singhvi |first1=Abhishek Manu |last2=Malik |first2=Lokendra |title=India&amp;#039;s Vibgyor Man: Selected Writings and Speeches of L.M. Singhvi |date=2018 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-909407-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M_xdDwAAQBAJ&amp;amp;q=laxmi+mall+singhvi+marwari&amp;amp;pg=PT35 |access-date=31 December 2019 |language=en}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;MarwariHeritage&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Liaquat Soldier]], comedy actor, writer and director.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite web |url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/140176/liaquat-soldier-dies-of-heart-attack/ |title=Liaquat &amp;#039;Soldier&amp;#039; dies of heart attack: Express Tribune |date=30 March 2011 |access-date=18 August 2020|archive-date=1 April 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110401104839/http://tribune.com.pk/story/140176/liaquat-soldier-dies-of-heart-attack/ |url-status=live }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==See also==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Tarachand Ghanshyamdas]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Marwari Muslims]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Karmveer Choudhary]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{Commons category|Marwari people}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Reflist|30em}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Authority control}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Marwari people| ]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Rajasthani people]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Ethnic groups in India]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Indo-Aryan peoples]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>imported&gt;Niceguyedc</name></author>
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