Meraki03: refine references based on references per sources

2025-11-27T07:59:51Z

refine references based on references per sources

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:29, 27 November 2025
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			{{short description\|River tributary in Jammu and Kashmir}}
	{{Infobox river		{{Infobox river
	\| name = Marusudar		\| name = Marusudar
	\| ~~name_native~~ =		\| native_name =
	\| ~~name_native_lang~~ =		\| native_name_lang =
	\| name_other =		\| name_other =
	\| name_etymology =		\| name_etymology =
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	\| image_size =		\| image_size =
	\| image_caption =		\| image_caption =
	\| map = Jammu and Kashmir relief map.svg		\| map = India Jammu and Kashmir relief map.svg
	\| map_size =		\| map_size =
	\| map_caption = River map of Jammu and Kashmir		\| map_caption = River map of Jammu and Kashmir
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	\| subdivision_name1 = [[India]]		\| subdivision_name1 = [[India]]
	\| subdivision_type2 = Flows through		\| subdivision_type2 = Flows through
	\| subdivision_name2 = [[Marwah~~, Kishtwar district~~\|Marwah]]-[[Dachhan]] in [[Kishtwar district]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)\|Jammu and Kashmir]]		\| subdivision_name2 = [[Marwah valley\|Marwah]]-[[Dachhan]] in [[Kishtwar district]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)\|Jammu and Kashmir]]
	<!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS -->		<!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS -->
	\| length = {{convert\|133\|km\|mi\|abbr=on}} approx.		\| length = {{convert\|133\|km\|mi\|abbr=on}} approx.
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	'''Marusudar''' river or '''Maru Sudar''' river is the largest [[tributary\|river tributary]] of the [[Chenab River]], beginning at the Nunkun glacier of the [[Warwan Valley]] and joining the Chenab at [[Bhandarkoot]] in the [[Kishtwar district]]. As of 2021, 1000MW [[Pakal Dul Dam]] the 800MW Bursar Hydroelectric Project are under construction on this river.		'''Marusudar''' river or '''Maru Sudar''' river is the largest [[tributary\|river tributary]] of the [[Chenab River]], beginning at the Nunkun glacier of the [[Warwan Valley]] and joining the Chenab at [[Bhandarkoot]] in the [[Kishtwar district]]. As of 2021, 1000MW [[Pakal Dul Dam]] the 800MW Bursar Hydroelectric Project are under construction on this river.

	==~~Origin~~==		==Course==
	The Marusudar river starts from the Nunkun glacier of the [[Warwan Valley]] of the [[Kishtwar district]] and joins the Chenab river at [[Bhandarkoot]], [[Kishtwar]]. It is {{Convert\|133\|km\|mi}} long and the largest river tributary to the Chenab river.<ref name="journal-marusudar" >{{cite journal \|vauthors=Romshoo, Shakil, Altaf, Sadaff, Amin, Muzamil, Ameen, Ummer \|date=2017 \|title=Sediment Yield Estimation for Developing Soil Conservation Strategies in GIS Environment for the Mountainous Marusudar Catchment, Chenab Basin, J&K, India. \|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323834481_Sediment_Yield_Estimation_for_Developing_Soil_Conservation_Strategies_in_GIS_Environment_for_the_Mountainous_Marusudar_Catchment_Chenab_Basin_JK_India \|journal=Journal of Himalayan Ecology and Sustainable Development. \|volume=12 \|issue= \|pages=16–32 \|doi=\|ISSN=0973-7502 \|pmc= \|pmid=}}</ref>

	~~==Controversies over Dams==~~		The Marusudar river originates from the Nunkun glacier of the [[Warwan Valley]] of the [[Kishtwar district]] and joins the Chenab river at [[Bhandarkoot]], [[Kishtwar]]. It is {{Convert\|133\|km\|mi}} long and the largest river tributary to the Chenab river.<ref name="journal-marusudar" >{{cite journal \|vauthors=Romshoo, Shakil, Altaf, Sadaff, Amin, Muzamil, Ameen, Ummer \|date=2017 \|title=Sediment Yield Estimation for Developing Soil Conservation Strategies in GIS Environment for the Mountainous Marusudar Catchment, Chenab Basin, J&K, India. \|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323834481_Sediment_Yield_Estimation_for_Developing_Soil_Conservation_Strategies_in_GIS_Environment_for_the_Mountainous_Marusudar_Catchment_Chenab_Basin_JK_India \|journal=Journal of Himalayan Ecology and Sustainable Development. \|volume=12 \|issue= \|pages=16–32 \|doi=\|ISSN=0973-7502 \|pmc= \|pmid=}}</ref>
	~~In 2018~~, ~~locals protested against~~ the ~~Bursar Dam project, demanding cancellation of this dam~~.<ref>{{~~Cite news~~\|url=https://~~thewire~~.in/~~environment~~/~~protests-against-the-bursar-dam-in-jammu-and-kashmir-grow-louder~~\|~~title~~= ~~Protests Against the Bursar Dam in Jammu~~ and ~~Kashmir Grow Louder~~\|~~date~~=~~8 May 2018~~\|~~publisher~~ =~~[[The Wire (India)~~\|~~The Wire]]~~\|~~author~~=~~Raqib Hameed Naik~~\|~~access~~-~~date~~=~~10 September 2021~~}}</ref>

	~~While environmentalists have raised concern over~~ the [[Pakal Dul Dam]], ~~claiming that it will have an impact on biodiversity~~ and ~~cause villages~~ to ~~be flooded. According~~ to ~~the [[Environmental impact assessment\|Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)]~~], ~~this project will affect 18 hamlets~~, ~~affecting over 17~~,~~000 people~~, ~~and clearing around 1150 ha of forest area. As per EIA~~, the ~~dam could obstruct fish migration during~~ the ~~season~~, ~~impacting endemic fish species and reproductive areas~~. ~~This involves a site visit and the MoEFF's environmental approval~~. ~~However~~, the proposal was ~~approved without a site visit~~, ~~causing indignation among the locals.~~<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://glacierhub.org/2018/01/24/stop-damned-project-outrage-bursar-hydroelectric-project/\|title=Stop the Dam(ned) Project: Outrage over the Bursar Hydroelectric Project\|date=21 January 2018\|access-date=10 September 2021}}</ref>		==Dams==
			{{see also \| Indus_River#Barrages,_bridges,_levees_and_dams \| l1 = Dams on Indus \| Jhelum_River#Dams \| l2= Dams on Jhelum \| Chenab_River#Dams \| l3= Dams on Chenab \| Ravi_River#Dams \| l4= Dams on Ravi \| Beas_River#Dams \| l5= Dams on Beas\| Sutlej_River#Dams \| l6= Dams on Sutlej}}

			This river has the following dams

			* [[Pakal Dul Dam]], 1000 W, 109 MCM, near Drangdhuran village in Kishtwar district of the Indian Jammu and Kashmir, upstream of Bursar Hydroelectric Power Project.<ref name=iestat1>[https://indianexpress.com/article/india/centre-to-fast-track-4-hydro-projects-in-kishtwar-including-dam-at-pakal-dul-9987075 Centre to fast-track 4 hydro projects in Kishtwar, including dam at Pakal Dul], Indian Express, 7 May 2025.</ref>

			* '''Bursar Hydroelectric Power Project''', 800 MW, 618 MCM, near Pakal village in the Kishtwar district, proposed stalled project was expedited in April 2025 after the termination of [[Indus Water Treaty\|IWT]].<ref name=stat1>[https://www.timesnownews.com/business-economy/economy/indus-waters-treaty-suspended-modi-government-fast-tracks-five-major-hydropower-projects-in-jammu-kashmir-details-here-article-151516416 Indus Waters Treaty Suspended: Modi Government Fast-Tracks Five Major Hydropower Projects in Jammu & Kashmir - Details Here], timesnownews.com, 28 Apr 2025.</ref> In 2017, the proposal was granted the environmental approval by MoEF,<ref name=apprv1>{{Cite web\|url=https://glacierhub.org/2018/01/24/stop-damned-project-outrage-bursar-hydroelectric-project/\|title=Stop the Dam(ned) Project: Outrage over the Bursar Hydroelectric Project\|date=21 January 2018\|access-date=10 September 2021}}</ref> after considering locals concerns,<ref>{{Cite news\|url=https://thewire.in/environment/protests-against-the-bursar-dam-in-jammu-and-kashmir-grow-louder\|title= Protests Against the Bursar Dam in Jammu and Kashmir Grow Louder\|date=8 May 2018\|publisher =[[The Wire (India)\|The Wire]]\|author=Raqib Hameed Naik\|access-date=10 September 2021}}</ref> who cited the [[Environmental impact assessment\|Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)]] that the Bursar Dam project will affect 18 hamlets, 17,000 people, 1150 ha of forest clearing, fish migration.<ref name=apprv1/>

			==See also ==

			* [[Chenab_River#Dams\|Dams on Chenab]]
			* [[Rivers of Jammu and Kashmir]]

	==References==		==References==
	{{Reflist}}		{{Reflist}}

	[[Category:~~Rivers of India~~]]		[[Category:Dams on the Chenab River]]
	[[Category:Rivers of Jammu and Kashmir]]		[[Category:Rivers of Jammu and Kashmir]]
	[[Category:Dam controversies]]		[[Category:Dam controversies]]
			[[Category:Tributaries of the Chenab River]]

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2021-11-10T05:03:06Z

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New page

{{Infobox river
| name = Marusudar
| name_native =
| name_native_lang =
| name_other =
| name_etymology =

| image =
| image_size =
| image_caption =
| map = Jammu and Kashmir relief map.svg
| map_size =
| map_caption = River map of Jammu and Kashmir
| map_alt =
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_map_size =
| pushpin_map_caption=

| subdivision_type1 = Country
| subdivision_name1 = [[India]]
| subdivision_type2 = Flows through
| subdivision_name2 = [[Marwah, Kishtwar district|Marwah]]-[[Dachhan]] in [[Kishtwar district]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]

| length = {{convert|133|km|mi|abbr=on}} approx.
| width_min =
| width_avg =
| width_max =
| depth_min =
| depth_avg =
| depth_max =
| discharge1_location=
| discharge1_min =
| discharge1_avg =
| discharge1_max =

| source1 = Nunkun glacier
| source1_location = [[Warwan Valley]], [[Kishtwar]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], [[India]]
| source1_coordinates= {{coord|33|27|25.77|N|75|48|48.99|E|type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
| source1_elevation =
| mouth = [[Chenab river]]
| mouth_location = [[Bhandarkoot]], [[Kishtwar district]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
| mouth_coordinates =
| mouth_elevation =
| progression =
| river_system =
| basin_size =
| tributaries_left =
| tributaries_right =
| custom_label = Dams
| custom_data = [[Pakal Dul Dam]], [[Bursar Dam]]
| extra =
}}
'''Marusudar''' river or '''Maru Sudar''' river is the largest [[tributary|river tributary]] of the [[Chenab River]], beginning at the Nunkun glacier of the [[Warwan Valley]] and joining the Chenab at [[Bhandarkoot]] in the [[Kishtwar district]]. As of 2021, 1000MW [[Pakal Dul Dam]] the 800MW Bursar Hydroelectric Project are under construction on this river.

==Origin==
The Marusudar river starts from the Nunkun glacier of the [[Warwan Valley]] of the [[Kishtwar district]] and joins the Chenab river at [[Bhandarkoot]], [[Kishtwar]]. It is {{Convert|133|km|mi}} long and the largest river tributary to the Chenab river.<ref name="journal-marusudar" >{{cite journal |vauthors=Romshoo, Shakil, Altaf, Sadaff, Amin, Muzamil, Ameen, Ummer |date=2017 |title=Sediment Yield Estimation for Developing Soil Conservation Strategies in GIS Environment for the Mountainous Marusudar Catchment, Chenab Basin, J&K, India. |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323834481_Sediment_Yield_Estimation_for_Developing_Soil_Conservation_Strategies_in_GIS_Environment_for_the_Mountainous_Marusudar_Catchment_Chenab_Basin_JK_India |journal=Journal of Himalayan Ecology and Sustainable Development. |volume=12 |issue= |pages=16–32 |doi=|ISSN=0973-7502 |pmc= |pmid=}}</ref>

==Controversies over Dams==
In 2018, locals protested against the Bursar Dam project, demanding cancellation of this dam.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://thewire.in/environment/protests-against-the-bursar-dam-in-jammu-and-kashmir-grow-louder|title= Protests Against the Bursar Dam in Jammu and Kashmir Grow Louder|date=8 May 2018|publisher =[[The Wire (India)|The Wire]]|author=Raqib Hameed Naik|access-date=10 September 2021}}</ref>

While environmentalists have raised concern over the [[Pakal Dul Dam]], claiming that it will have an impact on biodiversity and cause villages to be flooded. According to the [[Environmental impact assessment|Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)]], this project will affect 18 hamlets, affecting over 17,000 people, and clearing around 1150 ha of forest area. As per EIA, the dam could obstruct fish migration during the season, impacting endemic fish species and reproductive areas. This involves a site visit and the MoEFF's environmental approval. However, the proposal was approved without a site visit, causing indignation among the locals.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://glacierhub.org/2018/01/24/stop-damned-project-outrage-bursar-hydroelectric-project/|title=Stop the Dam(ned) Project: Outrage over the Bursar Hydroelectric Project|date=21 January 2018|access-date=10 September 2021}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Rivers of India]]
[[Category:Rivers of Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Dam controversies]]

Marusudar River - Revision history

Meraki03: refine references based on references per sources

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