https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=MarsiyaMarsiya - Revision history2026-09-07T01:04:25ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.43.6https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marsiya&diff=140954&oldid=previmported>Alifrazrezvi: /* Background */2021-05-15T15:03:03Z<p><span class="autocomment">Background</span></p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{Husayn}}<br />
A '''marsiya''' ({{lang-fa|مرثیه}}) is an elegiac poem written to commemorate the martyrdom and valour of [[Hussain ibn Ali]] and his comrades of the [[Karbala]]. Marsiyas are essentially religious.<ref name="lucknow19thc">[http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00urduhindilinks/bailey/004lucknow19thc.pdf A History of Urdu literature by T. Grahame Bailey; ''Urdu Poetry in Lucknow in the 19th century'']</ref><br />
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==Background==<br />
The word ''Marsiya'' is derived from the Arabic word ''marthiyya'' ([[Semitic root|root]] R-TH-Y), meaning a great tragedy or lamentation for a departed soul.<ref name="umaamerica">{{cite web|url=http://www.umaamerica.net/magazine2005/magazine_poetry.asp |title=Poetry: Urdu Marsiya, Anees and his Poetry |access-date=2010-10-15 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100822011919/http://www.umaamerica.net/magazine2005/magazine_poetry.asp |archive-date=August 22, 2010 }}</ref> Marsiya is a poem written to commemorate the martyrdom of [[Ahl al-Bayt]], [[Imam Hussain]] and [[Battle of Karbala]]. It is usually a poem of mourning.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://akchagla.com/Masters%20of%20Marsiya.htm |title=The Masters of Marsiya – Anees and Dabeer |access-date=2010-10-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110116024858/http://akchagla.com/Masters%20of%20Marsiya.htm |archive-date=2011-01-16 |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
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This form found a specially congenial soil in [[Lucknow]], an important [[Shia Muslim]] community in the [[Indian subcontinent]], where it was regarded as an act of piety and religious duty to eulogize and bemoan the martyrs of the [[battle of Karbala]]. The genre was championed by [[Mir Babar Ali Anis]].<br />
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Famous marsiya writers in [[Urdu]] include Mir Babar Ali Anis, [[Mirza Salamat Ali Dabeer]], [[Ali Haider Tabatabai]], [[Najm Afandi]], [[Josh Malihabadi]], and others. Well-known Persian poets of the genre include [[Muhtasham Kashani]], Nawab Ahmad Ali Khan Qayamat and Samet Borujerdi. In Turkish, [[Bâkî]] composed an important marsiya.<br />
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[[Mir Babar Ali Anis]], a renowned [[Urdu]] poet, composed salāms, elegies, [[noha]]s and [[quatrain]]s. While the length of elegy initially had no more than forty or fifty stanzas, he pushed it beyond one hundred fifty or even longer than two hundred stanzas or ''band''s, as each unit of marsiya in the ''musaddas'' format is known. Mir Anis drew upon the vocabulary of [[Arabic]], Persian, [[Urdu]], Hindi, and [[Awadhi language|Awadhi]] to a great degree.<ref name="umaamerica" /><ref>[http://jaunpurcity.in/about-2/marsiya/ Marsiya by Shiraz e Hind on May 15th, 2010] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101221100643/http://jaunpurcity.in/about-2/marsiya/ |date=2010-12-21 }}</ref> He has become an essential element of [[Muharram]] among the Urdu-speakers of the Indian subcontinent. The first major and still current critical articulation about Mir Anis was ''Muazna-e-Anis-o-Dabir'' (1907) written by [[Shibli Nomani]] in which he said "the poetic qualities and merits of Anis are not matched by any other poet".<br />
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Chhannu Lal Dilgeer (c 1780 – c 1848), another marsiya poet, was born during the reign of Nawab [[Asaf-ud-Daulah]]. He was initially a [[ghazal]] poet with the [[takhallus]] ‘Tarab’, before focusing on marsiya at a later stage. He converted to Islam and changed his name to Ghulam Hussain. His most popular marsiya is called '''گھبراۓ گی زینبؑ ‘ گھبراۓ گی زینبؑ'''.<ref>[http://lucknowobserver.com/chhannu-lal-dilgeer/ Chhannu Lal Dilgeer]</ref><br />
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==See also==<br />
* [[List of Marsiya writers in Urdu]]<br />
* [[Shahr Ashob]]<br />
* [[Urdu literature]]<br />
* [[Urdu poetry]]<br />
* [[Rekhta]]<br />
* [[History of Urdu]]<br />
* [[Waheed Akhtar]]<br />
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==References==<br />
<references/><br />
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==External links==<br />
* {{cite web|author=Rauf Parekh |url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1055451/karbalai-marsiya-in-urdu-and-persian |title=Karbalai marsiya in Urdu and Persian |publisher=Dawn.Com |date=2013-11-11 |access-date=2014-01-01}}<br />
* {{cite web|author=Rauf Parekh |url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1058311/dabeer-new-marsiya-and-the-praise-me-virus |title=Dabeer, new marsiya and the 'praise-me' virus |publisher=Dawn.Com |date=2013-11-25 |access-date=2014-01-01}}<br />
* {{cite web|author=Rana Safvi |url=http://rana-safvi.blogspot.in/2013/11/the-art-of-marsiya-writing-and-reciting.html |title=RANA's SPACE: The Art of Marsiya Writing and Reciting |publisher=Rana-safvi.blogspot.in |date=2013-11-12 |access-date=2014-01-01}}<br />
* {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6jjHxObm8jgC&q=Marsiya+writers+in+Urdu&pg=PA25 |title=The Making of the Awadh Culture - Madhu Trivedi - Google Books |isbn=9788190891882 |access-date=2014-01-01|last1=Trivedi |first1=Madhu |year=2010 }}<br />
* {{cite book|url=http://www.great-iran.com/PDFs/LITERACY-Language/Marsiye-Literacy-(Great-Iran-com).pdf |title=Appropriating an Iranian Literary Tradition: Marsiya in the Indian Context |author=Madhu Trivedi |publisher=great-iran.com |access-date=2014-01-01}}<br />
* {{cite document|url=http://www.urdustudies.com/pdf/15/19StuBarda.pdf |title=Value and Vitality in a Literary Tradition: Female Poets and the Urdu Marsiya |author=Amy Bard |publisher=Columbia University |access-date=2014-01-01}}<br />
*[https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.HasnainQaseedaMarsiyaofImamHasanImamHussain Marsiya of Imam Hasan Hussain]<br />
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{{Mourning of Muharram}}<br />
{{Urdu poetry}}<br />
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[[Category:Urdu-language poetry]]<br />
[[Category:Shia literature]]<br />
[[Category:Islamic poetry]]<br />
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Husayn ibn Ali]]<br />
[[Category:Islamic terminology]]<br />
[[Category:Laments]]<br />
[[Category:Persian literature]]</div>imported>Alifrazrezvi