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{{distinguish|Markandeya River, Eastern Ghats|Markandeya River, Western Ghats}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{use Indian English|date=April 2016}}
{{Infobox river
| name = Markanda River
| native_name ={{native name|hi|मारकंडा नदी}}
| name_other =
| etymology =
| image = MarkandaRiver - August2016.jpg
| image_size = 300px
| image_caption =
| image_alt =
| map =
| map_size =
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
| source1_location = Near Katasan Devi Temple, Baraban, [[Sirmaur District]], [[Himachal Pradesh]]
| source1_elevation =
| mouth = [[Ghaggar-Hakra River|Ghaggar River]]
| mouth_location = [[Himachal Pradesh]], India
| mouth_coordinates = {{coord|30.0905|76.3943|type:river_region:IN|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| mouth_elevation =
| basin_size =
| subdivision_type1 = Country
| subdivision_name1 = [[India]]
| length = {{convert|90|km|abbr=on}}
| discharge1_location=
| discharge1_min =
| discharge1_avg =
| discharge1_max =

| tributaries_left = [[Begna river]], Ran, nakati
| tributaries_right =
| waterbodies = [[Jalbehra barrage]] in Kurukshetra
| waterfalls =
| bridges = Markanda Bridge, Haryana
| ports =
| custom_label =
| custom_data =
| extra =
}}
The '''Markanda''' ('''{{lang-hi|मारकंडा नदी}}''') is a river in the Indian states of [[Himachal Pradesh]] and [[Haryana]]. It is a tributary of the [[Ghaggar-Hakra River|Ghaggar river]], flowing through [[Sirmaur District]], [[Ambala district]] and [[Shahabad Markanda]], a town in [[Kurukshetra district]].<ref name="Ambala">[http://www.ambalaonline.in/city-guide/rivers-in-ambala AmbalaOnline - Rrvers of Ambala]</ref><ref name="IE1">{{cite news | url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/overflowing-ghaggar-tangri-inundate-some-villages-along-punjabharyana-border/687474/ | newspaper=The Indian Express | title=Overflowing Ghaggar, Tangri inundate some villages along Punjab-Haryana border | first=Sanjeev | last=Chopra | date=25 September 2010 | access-date=9 April 2017 }}</ref> The Markanda river's ancient name was Aruna.

==Origin and route==
The ''Markanda river'' is an eponymous seasonal river in [[Haryana]] state, which is a main [[tributary]] of the Ghaggar River.<ref name="SharmaKalwar2005">{{cite book|first1=Hari|last1=Shanker Sharma|first2=S. C.|last2=Kalwar|title=Geomorphology and Environmental Sustainability: Felicitation Volume in Honour of Professor H.S. Sharma|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vmPaIIVgtooC|year=2005|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|isbn=978-81-8069-028-0|page=61}}</ref>

The ''Markanda river'' originates in the [[Shivalik hills]] on the border of [[Haryana]] and [[Himachal Pradesh]] State, and flows along the haryana and [[Punjab, India]] border before meeting with Ghaggar river at the confluence.<ref name="Har1">[http://www.haryana-online.com/geography.htm HaryanaOnline - Geography of Haryana] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201121800/http://www.haryana-online.com/geography.htm |date=1 February 2016 }}</ref>

The basin is classified in two parts, [[Khadir and Bangar]], the higher area that is not flooded in rainy season is called ''Bangar'' and the lower flood-prone area is called ''Khadar''.<ref name="Har1"/>

Several archaeologists identify the old [[Ghaggar-Hakra River]] as the [[Sarasvati river]], on the banks of which the [[Indus Valley civilisation]] developed.<ref name="Possehl 1997">{{citation |first=Gregory L. |last=Possehl |author-link=Gregory Possehl |title=The Transformation of the Indus Civilization |journal=Journal of World Prehistory |volume=11 |number=4 |date=December 1997 |pages=425–472 |jstor=25801118 |doi=10.1007/bf02220556|s2cid=161129625 }}</ref><ref name="Kenoyer 1997">{{citation |last=Kenoyer |first=J. M. |year=1997 |chapter=Early City-states in South Asia: Comparing the Harappan Phase and the Early Historic Period |title=The Archaeology of City States: Cross Cultural Approaches |editor1=D. L. Nichols |editor2=T. H. Charlton |pages=52–70 |location=Washington |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |isbn=1560987227 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iORzQgAACAAJ}}</ref><ref>{{citation|last1=Allchin|first1=Bridget|last2=Allchin|first2=Raymond|title=The Rise of Civilization in India and Pakistan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r4s-YsP6vcIC|year=1982|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-28550-6 |page=160}}</ref>{{sfn|Erdosy|1995|p=44}}

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
IVC-major-sites-2.jpg|[[Indus Valley civilisation|Indus–Sarasvati civilisation]] major sites
Ghaggar river in Panchkula.jpg|[[Ghaggar-Hakra River|Ghaggar river]] flowing through [[Panchkula]] in [[Haryana]]
Markanda River, Haryana.jpg|Markanda River at Markanda, Haryana
</gallery>

== See also ==
{{div col}}
* [[Dangri]], a tributary of [[Sarsuti]]
* [[Tangri river]], a tributary of [[Sarsuti]], merge if Dangri and Tangri are same
* [[Sarsuti]], a tributary of [[Ghaggar-Hakra River]]
* [[Kaushalya river]], a tributary of [[Ghaggar-Hakra River]]
* [[Chautang]], a tributary of [[Ghaggar-Hakra River]]
* [[Sutlej]], a tributary of [[Indus]]
* [[Ganges]]
* [[Indus]]
* [[Western Yaumna Canal|Western Yamuna Canal]], branches off [[Yamuna]]
{{col div end}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}

== External links ==

*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070101164930/http://www.ucl.ac.uk/~ucgadkw/members/indus.html Sarasvati-Sindhu civilization and Sarasvati River]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20050904005053/http://www.gisdevelopment.net/application/archaeology/site/archs0001.htm The Saraswati: Where lies the mystery by Saswati Paik]

{{Hydrography of Himachal Pradesh}}
{{Hydrography of Haryana}}
{{Hydrography of Punjab, India}}
{{Haryana}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ghaggar-Hakra River}}
[[Category:Rivers of Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Rivers of Haryana]]
[[Category:Rivers of Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Rigvedic rivers]]
[[Category:Indus basin]]
[[Category:International rivers of Asia]]
[[Category:Sarasvati River]]
[[Category:Archaeological sites in Haryana]]
[[Category:Indus Valley civilisation sites]]

Markanda River (Haryana) - Revision history

Ajay Kumar: Created a new article