Maria Lacerda de Moura - Revision history

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	{{~~short~~ description\|Brazilian journalist~~, feminist, anarchist}}~~		{{Short description\|Brazilian anarcho-feminist journalist (1887–1945)}}
	~~{{More citations needed\|date=December 2009~~}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=May 2020}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=May 2020}}
	[[Image:Mlacerda.png\|thumb\|Maria Lacerda de Moura]]		[[Image:Mlacerda.png\|thumb\|Maria Lacerda de Moura]]
	'''Maria Lacerda de Moura''' (~~16 May 1887 – 20 March 1945~~) was a Brazilian [[Anarcha-feminism\|anarcho-feminist]], [[Individualist anarchism\|individualist anarchist]], [[teacher]], [[journalist]], and writer.<ref name="singularidades">[http://www.katesharpleylibrary.net/~~gf1w8f~~ Maria Lacerda de Moura, 1887~~-1944 by Singularidades~~]</ref>		'''Maria Lacerda de Moura''' (1887–1945) was a Brazilian [[Anarcha-feminism\|anarcho-feminist]], [[Individualist anarchism\|individualist anarchist]], [[teacher]], [[journalist]], and writer.<ref name="singularidades">{{Cite journal \|translator-last1=Sharkey \|translator-first1=Paul \|title=Maria Lacerda de Moura, 1887–1944 \|journal=Singularidades \|issue=16 \|date=November 2000 \|url=http://www.katesharpleylibrary.net/8kps6q \|issn=0872-7104 \|oclc=942801815 \|df=mdy-all }}</ref>
			<!--
			Maria Lacerda de Moura was born on the Monte Alverne farm in [[Manhuaçu]], [[Minas Gerais]], Brazil, on 16 May 1887. Her parents, Modesto de Araújo Lacerda and Amélia de Araújo Lacerda, were educated [[freethinkers]] who passed on [[anticlerical]] views. They moved to [[Barbacena]] in Minas Gerais when she was young and where she began school. By her late teen years, she was training as a primary school teacher.<ref name="singularidades" /> Lacerda de Moura married Carlos Ferreira de Moura.<ref name="singularidades"/>-->

	~~==Life==~~		Her thought was mainly influenced by [[individualist anarchist]]s such as [[Han Ryner]] and [[Émile Armand]].<ref>[http://www.nodo50.org/insurgentes/textos/mulher/09marialacerda.htm "Maria Lacerda de Moura - Uma Anarquista Individualista Brasileira" by Adelaide Gonçalves and Jorge Silva]</ref>
	She was born on the Monte Alverne farm in [[Manhuaçu]], [[Minas Gerais]], Brazil on 16 May 1887. "She was the daughter of Modesto de Araújo Lacerda and Amélia de Araújo Lacerda, [[freethinkers]] and educated folk from whom she certainly inherited her strong [[anticlerical]] outlook".<ref name="singularidades"/>

	"Five years after she was born they moved to [[Barbacena]], Minas Gerais, Brazil, the town where she started her schooling and by the age of 16 she was training as a primary teacher, the profession to which she was deeply committed."<ref name="singularidades" /> One year later she married Carlos Ferreira de Moura.<ref name="singularidades"/>

	As a teacher and a pedagogue in Barbacena she founded the [[League Against Illiteracy]] and worked with other women to help provide housing for the [[Homelessness\|homeless]]. Her ideas regarding education were largely influenced by [[Francisco Ferrer]]. Moura used [[Albert Einstein]] and [[Mahatma Gandhi]] as examples of pacifism in her essay "Serviço militar obrigatório para mulher? Recuso-me! Denuncío!"

	She later moved to [[São Paulo]] and became involved in journalism for the anarchist and labor press. "Among the labour papers she wrote for were O Culinário Paulista, A Patrulha Operária, A Plebe, A Lanterna and O Trabalhador Gráfico."<ref name="singularidades" /> "At that time of great social upheaval she started to give lectures (some in the city of Santos) to trade unions, cultural centres, anarchist theatre groups and labour associations and the likes of the Printing Workers' Union, the Anticlerical League and the Union of Footwear Crafts. She also started to write for the anarchist press, among it the newspaper A Plebe where she wrote about 'the underlying and ancillary sciences of education and educational [[psychology]]’ carrying on and adding to the work done in that field by Neno Vasco with the weekly newspaper ''A Terra Livre'' in 1906."<ref name="singularidades" />

	There she also lectured on topics including education, [[women's rights]], [[free love]], and [[antimilitarism]]. Her writings and essays landed her attention not only in Brazil, but also in [[Argentina]] and [[Uruguay]]. "In 1918 she began her career as a writer, issuing her first book on Education. Such was the impact it made that the following year she published two follow-ups Why Does the Future Triumph?."<ref name="singularidades" /> In February 1923 she launched ''Renascença'', a periodical linked with the anarchist, [[progressivism\|progressive]], and [[freethought\|freethinking]] circles of the period.

	"At around the same time she helped to found the International Women’s Federation and the Women’s Anti-war Committee, based in São Paulo."<ref name="singularidades" /> "In February 1923 she launched the monthly review Renascença which made no bones about spreading [[Libertarianism\|libertarian]] feminist ideas and dealing with other social issues. This review was circulated in nine states of Brazil as well as in Argentina and Portugal. The following year she issued her most famous book Is Woman Degenerate? by way of an outraged retort to the thesis 'Epilepsy and pseudo-epilepsy' written by the psychiatrist Miguel Bombarda in which he tried to show through pseudo-scientific case studies that woman was man’s biological inferior. In 1926 she issued another class work: The Religion of Love and Beauty. "Due to her great popularity in countries such as Uruguay, Argentina, Chile and Mexico she was invited to give talks in Montevideo, Buenos Aires and Santiago."<ref name="singularidades" /> In 1931 she issued two more books, "Clergy and State and Civilisation – Body of Slaves". In 1932 she published yet another outstanding book, "Love … and Do Not Multiply."<ref name="singularidades" />

	Her thought was mainly influenced by [[individualist anarchist]]s such as [[Han Ryner]] and [[Émile Armand]].<ref>[http://www.nodo50.org/insurgentes/textos/mulher/09marialacerda.htm "Maria Lacerda de Moura - Uma Anarquista Individualista Brasileira" by Adelaide Gonçalves and Jorge Silva]</ref> ~~On [[Han Ryner]] she wrote "Han Ryner e o amor plural (1928)".~~
	~~Maria Lacerda de Moura died at [[Rio de Janeiro]] in March 1945.~~

	==Selected works==		==Selected works==
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	[[Category:Gandhians]]		[[Category:Gandhians]]
	[[Category:Individualist anarchists]]		[[Category:Individualist anarchists]]
	~~[[Category:Non-Indian Gandhians]]~~
	[[Category:Non-interventionism]]		[[Category:Non-interventionism]]
	[[Category:Opinion journalists]]		[[Category:Opinion journalists]]
	[[Category:Pacifist feminists]]		[[Category:Pacifist feminists]]
	[[Category:People from Minas Gerais]]		[[Category:People from Minas Gerais]]

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{{short description|Brazilian journalist, feminist, anarchist}}
{{More citations needed|date=December 2009}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
[[Image:Mlacerda.png|thumb|Maria Lacerda de Moura]]
'''Maria Lacerda de Moura''' (16 May 1887 – 20 March 1945) was a Brazilian [[Anarcha-feminism|anarcho-feminist]], [[Individualist anarchism|individualist anarchist]], [[teacher]], [[journalist]], and writer.<ref name="singularidades">[http://www.katesharpleylibrary.net/gf1w8f Maria Lacerda de Moura, 1887-1944 by Singularidades]</ref>

==Life==
She was born on the Monte Alverne farm in [[Manhuaçu]], [[Minas Gerais]], Brazil on 16 May 1887. "She was the daughter of Modesto de Araújo Lacerda and Amélia de Araújo Lacerda, [[freethinkers]] and educated folk from whom she certainly inherited her strong [[anticlerical]] outlook".<ref name="singularidades"/>

"Five years after she was born they moved to [[Barbacena]], Minas Gerais, Brazil, the town where she started her schooling and by the age of 16 she was training as a primary teacher, the profession to which she was deeply committed."<ref name="singularidades" /> One year later she married Carlos Ferreira de Moura.<ref name="singularidades"/>

As a teacher and a pedagogue in Barbacena she founded the [[League Against Illiteracy]] and worked with other women to help provide housing for the [[Homelessness|homeless]]. Her ideas regarding education were largely influenced by [[Francisco Ferrer]]. Moura used [[Albert Einstein]] and [[Mahatma Gandhi]] as examples of pacifism in her essay "Serviço militar obrigatório para mulher? Recuso-me! Denuncío!"

She later moved to [[São Paulo]] and became involved in journalism for the anarchist and labor press. "Among the labour papers she wrote for were O Culinário Paulista, A Patrulha Operária, A Plebe, A Lanterna and O Trabalhador Gráfico."<ref name="singularidades" /> "At that time of great social upheaval she started to give lectures (some in the city of Santos) to trade unions, cultural centres, anarchist theatre groups and labour associations and the likes of the Printing Workers' Union, the Anticlerical League and the Union of Footwear Crafts. She also started to write for the anarchist press, among it the newspaper A Plebe where she wrote about 'the underlying and ancillary sciences of education and educational [[psychology]]’ carrying on and adding to the work done in that field by Neno Vasco with the weekly newspaper ''A Terra Livre'' in 1906."<ref name="singularidades" />

There she also lectured on topics including education, [[women's rights]], [[free love]], and [[antimilitarism]]. Her writings and essays landed her attention not only in Brazil, but also in [[Argentina]] and [[Uruguay]]. "In 1918 she began her career as a writer, issuing her first book on Education. Such was the impact it made that the following year she published two follow-ups Why Does the Future Triumph?."<ref name="singularidades" /> In February 1923 she launched ''Renascença'', a periodical linked with the anarchist, [[progressivism|progressive]], and [[freethought|freethinking]] circles of the period.

"At around the same time she helped to found the International Women’s Federation and the Women’s Anti-war Committee, based in São Paulo."<ref name="singularidades" /> "In February 1923 she launched the monthly review Renascença which made no bones about spreading [[Libertarianism|libertarian]] feminist ideas and dealing with other social issues. This review was circulated in nine states of Brazil as well as in Argentina and Portugal. The following year she issued her most famous book Is Woman Degenerate? by way of an outraged retort to the thesis 'Epilepsy and pseudo-epilepsy' written by the psychiatrist Miguel Bombarda in which he tried to show through pseudo-scientific case studies that woman was man’s biological inferior. In 1926 she issued another class work: The Religion of Love and Beauty. "Due to her great popularity in countries such as Uruguay, Argentina, Chile and Mexico she was invited to give talks in Montevideo, Buenos Aires and Santiago."<ref name="singularidades" /> In 1931 she issued two more books, "Clergy and State and Civilisation – Body of Slaves". In 1932 she published yet another outstanding book, "Love … and Do Not Multiply."<ref name="singularidades" />

Her thought was mainly influenced by [[individualist anarchist]]s such as [[Han Ryner]] and [[Émile Armand]].<ref>[http://www.nodo50.org/insurgentes/textos/mulher/09marialacerda.htm "Maria Lacerda de Moura - Uma Anarquista Individualista Brasileira" by Adelaide Gonçalves and Jorge Silva]</ref> On [[Han Ryner]] she wrote "Han Ryner e o amor plural (1928)".
Maria Lacerda de Moura died at [[Rio de Janeiro]] in March 1945.

==Selected works==
* "A fraternidade na escola" (The fraternity at school) (1922)
* "A mulher hodierna e o seu papel na sociedade" (The women nowadays and her role in society) (1923)
* "A mulher é uma degenerada?" (Is the woman a degenerated being?) (1924)
* "Religião do amor e da beleza" (Religion of love and beauty) (1926)
* "Amai-vos e não vos multipliqueis" (Love each other and don't breed) (1931)
* "Han Ryner e o amor no plural" ([[Han Ryner]] and the love in plural) (1933)
* Em torno da Educação (Around education)
* Renovação (Renovation)
* Lições da Pedagogia (Lessons from pedagogy) (1925)
* De Amundsen a Del Prete (From Amundsen to Del Prete) (1928)
* Civilização, tronco de escravos (Civilisation, trunk of slaves) (1931)
* Serviço militar obrigatório para a mulher? Recuso-me... (Compulsory military service for women? I refuse...) (1933)
* Clero e Fascismo, horda de embrutecedores (Clergy and Fascism, horde of brutal people) (1933)
* Fascismo – filho dileto da Igreja e do Capital (1933)
* Português para os cursos comerciais (1940)
* O Silêncio (The Silence) (1944)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Anarchism}}
{{Gandhi}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lacerda De Moura, Maria}}
[[Category:1887 births]]
[[Category:1945 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Brazilian women writers]]
[[Category:Anarcha-feminists]]
[[Category:Anarchist writers]]
[[Category:Anarcho-pacifists]]
[[Category:Brazilian anarchists]]
[[Category:Brazilian feminist writers]]
[[Category:Brazilian pacifists]]
[[Category:Brazilian political writers]]
[[Category:Brazilian women journalists]]
[[Category:Free love advocates]]
[[Category:Gandhians]]
[[Category:Individualist anarchists]]
[[Category:Non-Indian Gandhians]]
[[Category:Non-interventionism]]
[[Category:Opinion journalists]]
[[Category:Pacifist feminists]]
[[Category:People from Minas Gerais]]