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{{short description|Historical region in India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}

'''Marhatta''' or '''Maharatta'''/'''Maharatha''' (also known as Marhat Des which means Marhat country) was a historical region 72 miles (18 [[Pargana]]s) south of the [[Narmada River]] and north of the Karnãtak ([[Karnataka]]) in which the [[Marathi language]] was spoken.<ref name="nashik">{{cite web|title=The People - Hindus|website=Nasik District Gazetteers|url=https://cultural.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/Nasik/006%20ThePeople/002%20Hindus.htm}}</ref><ref name="Risley">{{cite report |author=H. H. Risley |date= 1908|title=Census of India, 1901, Volume I, Ethnographic Appendices|url=http://piketty.pse.ens.fr/files/ideologie/data/CensusIndia/CensusIndia1901/CensusIndia1901EthnographicAppendices.pdf | pages=93–94|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201106225316/http://piketty.pse.ens.fr/files/ideologie/data/CensusIndia/CensusIndia1901/CensusIndia1901EthnographicAppendices.pdf|archive-date= 6 November 2020}}</ref> The region is invoked, along with [[Punjab]], [[Sindh]], [[Gujarat]], [[Orissa]], [[Bengal]] and [[South India]] as the different cultural regions of [[India]] in [[Rabindranath Tagore]]'s [[Bharot Bhagyo Bidhata|poem]] which was chosen as the national anthem "[[Jana Gana Mana]]" of the newly-established [[Indian republic]] in 1950.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://knowindia.gov.in/national-identity-elements/national-anthem.php|title= National identity elements: National anthem|publisher=National Informatics Centre by Government of India}}</ref>

==Etymology==
Multiple theories have been proposed but the exact etymology of the name is uncertain.
=== Marhatta ===
According to [[Shamba Joshi]], the word [[Dhangar|Mar-Hatta]] comes from the word Hatta-Desa, the settlement of Hatti-Karas ([[Hatkar]]s). In [[Old Kannada]], the meaning of Hatti-Kara is milkman (Gavli) and Hatti means cattle pen or fold. Patti in [[Tamil Language|Tamil]] would mean cowstall, sheepfold, a measure of land sufficient for sheepfold, cattle pound, a hamlet, a village, a place. He observes that Hatti-Karas are descendents of Patti-Janas, people who were settled in the south of [[Narmada River]] during the middle ages. This region was called Hatta-Desa. After the 12th century AD, the civil strife between the [[Yadavas of Devagiri]] and [[Halebidu]] ([[Hoysala]]'s capital) split this land into two, into Marhätta and Karnätaka. [[Samarth Ramdas|Saint Ramdas]] refers to the two parts, Hatak for Marhätta and Karnatak for Karnätaka, in one of his [[Arti (Hinduism)|Aratis]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1= Joshi |first1= S. B.|date=1952 |title=ETYMOLOGY OF PLACE-NAMES PAṬṬI-HAṬṬI: Some observations on the History of Mahārāṣṭra & Karṇāṭaka |url= http://www.jstor.org/stable/41784634|journal= Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute|volume=33 |issue=1/4 |pages=41–56|jstor= 41784634| quote=जयदेवी जयदेवी जयवेद माते, हाटक कर्नाटक करुणा कल्लोळी |issn=03781143}}</ref>
=== Maharatta/Maharatha ===

A theory is that the term is derived from ''Maha'' ("great") and ''[[ratha]]'' / ''rathi'' ([[chariot]] / charioteer), which refers to a skilful northern fighting force that migrated southward into the area.<ref name="KBala1965">{{cite book | author=K. Balasubramanyam | title=the mysore | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w9jbqGLH7ioC&pg=PA174 | accessdate=30 March 2013 | year=1965 | publisher=Mittal Publications | page=174 | id=GGKEY:HRFC6GWCY6D}}</ref>

According to [[R. G. Bhandarkar]], the origin of the name lies in a tribe mentioned by [[Maurya Empire|Mauryan Emperor]] [[Ashoka]] in a copy of his rock-cut edicts (B. C. 245) preserved at [[Girnar]] where he is mentioned as sending ministers to the ''rattas'' (or ''rashtrikas'' "nations"), the suggestion being that a couple of the ''rattas'' took the name of ''Maharatta'' "great rattas". This is supported by the practice of the [[Bhojas of Goa|Bhoja]] rulers of the [[Konkan]] and West [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]], who are styled "Bhojas" in Ashoka's thirteenth edict (B. C. 240) and "Mahabhoja" in rock-cut inscriptions in the [[Bedse Caves|Bedsa caves]] in [[Pune]].<ref name="Risley"/>
==History==
The [[Nashik district|Nashik]] Gazetteer states that in 246 BC "Maharatta" is noticed, as per the ''Mahavanso'', as one of the ten places to which Ashoka sent an embassy,<ref name="nashik">{{cite web|title=The People - Hindus|website=Nasik District Gazetteers|url=https://cultural.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/Nasik/006%20ThePeople/002%20Hindus.htm}}</ref> and the word "[[Marhatta]]" (later used for the [[Maratha]]s) is found in the [[Jain]] Maharashtri literature.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Suri|first1=Udyotan|title=Kuvalayamala Kaha|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vd3qAQAACAAJ}}</ref>

In his book on the history of the [[Deccan]], Persian historian [[Firishta]] (1560-1600) mentions, in his account of the conquest of the region under [[Alauddin Khilji]], the province of ''Maharat (or Mherat)'' with its [[Marathi people|people]] "dependent on [[Daulatabad, Maharashtra|Daulatabad]] apparently considered to centre in [[Paithan]] or, as it is written, Mheropatan" as does the tenth century Arab geographer [[Al-Biruni]], as ''Marhat'' country beginning seventy-two miles south of the [[Narmada River|Narmada]]<ref name="nashik"/> with [[Thane]] as its capital.<ref name="Risley"/> In 1342, the Moroccan traveller [[Ibn Battuta]] referred to all the native inhabitants of [[Daulatabad, Maharashtra|Deogiri]] region as belonging collectively to the "tribe of Marhata", whose elite included both [[Brahmins]] and [[Kshatriyas]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Eaton|first1=Richard Maxwell|title=A Social History of the Deccan, 1300-1761|page=191}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==See also==
*[[Maratha]]
*[[Dhangar]]
*[[Maratha Empire]]
*[[Marathwada]]

{{coord missing|Maharashtra}}

[[Category:Geography of Maharashtra]]

{{Maharashtra-geo-stub}}

Marhatta (region) - Revision history

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