imported>Ahmadnisar1213 at 23:34, 24 May 2021

2021-05-24T23:34:19Z

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{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2018}}
{{refimprove|date=May 2019}}
{{Infobox gotra
| name = Mahal
| type = Jat Clan
| language = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], [[Urdu]]
| surnames = Marhal, Marral, Mahal, Mandal, Chaudhry, Malik, Khan, Nawab
}}

The '''Marhal ''also prononounced Mandal, Marral or Mahal''''', are sometime pronounced Mandal, are a [[Jat]] [[gotra]], now found mainly in [[Punjab (Pakistan)|Punjab]], although some are still found in [[Jarauda]] in [[Muzaffarnagar District]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]]. They are one of the larger [[Muley Jat]] clans.

==History and origin==
The Marhal are a predominantly Muslim Jat tribe with a small Hindu section originating in [[Samana, Punjab|Samana]] and later also settling in [[Karnal]], in what is now [[Haryana]]. It acquired the name ''Mahal'' from an ancestor who was found newly born by his dead mother's side. In the local dialect of [[Hindi]] and [[Urdu]] (Haryanwi), ''marhi'' designates a tomb or shrine.<ref>A Glossary of the tribes and castes of Punjab by H. A Rose</ref>

According to tradition, they are descended from [[Yazdgerd III]], the last [[Sassanian]] ruler of [[Iran]]. They migrated to [[Kabul]], during the rule of [[Prithviraj Chauhan]], under a Malik Salahauddin. On the recommendation of the [[nawab]] of Samana, the Malik received a grant of a 100 villages (referred to as mandal in the [[Hindi]] language), from Khanda Rao, a brother of Prithvi Raj. . In the time of the Sultan [[Alauddin Khilji]], the Mahal received the [[jagir]]s of [[Samana, Punjab|Samana]] and Malkana. Although this tradition is problematic due to the existence of a small Hindu branch<ref>A Gazetteer of Patiala State page 63</ref>

Another less popular origin theory of the tribe comes from Cecil Henry Buck, who was a soldier with no background in history, he posits that since in some traditions Mandals called themselves " Mandal-i-Nausherani," they may have been descendants of Nausherwani chiefs have held sway at Kharan in [[Balochistan (region)|Baluchistan]] who could have accompanied [[Nadir Shah]] for the invasion of [[Delhi]] in 1738 A.D. ; possibly some Nausherani family remained at Samana in possession of a tract which was then conquered, and that the present Mandals are descended from him. However, this theory is problematic because the tribe has been documented in the area of Samana far before 1738, intermarries and follows customs of other Jats, and has no oral history of such a recent migration.<ref name=AK />

== The Family of the Nawabs of Karnal ==

The most prominent Mahal family was that of the [[Nawab]]s of Karnal. They first appear in history in 1780 A,D, when the family was residing at [[Samana, Punjab|Samana]], Nawab Majid-ul-daula granted to Nawab Sher-ul-din Khan, their ancestor, the parganas of [[Muzaffarnagar]], Shoran and Chitrawal in the [[Muzaffarnagar District]] on condition that he furnished for Government service 200 horsemen fully equipped ; on the death of the grantee in 1789 the grant was continued on the same terms to his brother
Mahomdi Khan by [[Daulat Rao Scindia]].<ref name=AK>The annals of Karnal (1914) by Cecil Henry Buck</ref>

In 1806 this Mahomdi Khan, his nephew Mahomed Ishaq and his cousin Ghairat AH Khan were in possession of these estates, and, in accordance with the policy of [[Lord Cornwalis]], they were induced to accept a tract west of the Jumna in exchange. Thus the Mandals came to settle in [[Karnal]].

Nawab Ahmad AH Khan, gave assisted the [[United Kingdom|British]] authorities during the mutiny and for his services the quit-rent of Rs. 5,000 payable by him was remitted in perpetuity ; he was also presented with a khillat of Rs. 10,000 in Darbar and permitted to retain two cannon and one hundred
armed retainers ; these honours have been continued to his suc-
cessors. He died in 1867 and was succeeded by Azmat AH Khan, his eldest surviving son, who was given the title of " Nawab Bahadur." Azmat AH Khan died childless in 1909, and his half brother Muhammad Rustam AH Khan succeeded to the title of Nawab and the jagir, while he and his brother Muhammad Umar
Daraz AH Khan inherited his estate. Before his death Azmat AH Khan, who was on bad terms with his half brothers, attempted to alienate his property, but it was brought under the Court of Wards and there is now litigation by the would-be donees to obtain possession thereof.<ref name=AK />

For good services Rustam Ali Khan received the personal title of " Nawab Bahadur " and Umar Daraz AH Khan that of Khan Bahadur. The latter was also an Honorary Sub-Registrar, Munsif and Magistrate of the 1st class.

[[Liaquat Ali Khan]], the first [[Prime Minister of Pakistan]], was the younger son of Rustam Ali Khan. The fact that the [[Samana, Punjab|Samana]] branch spoke Punjabi, has historically created debates over the ethnic identity of Liaquat. Both the Karnal and [[Muzaffarnagar]] branches of the tribe spoke [[Urdu]], as did other Mulla Jats.

==Present situation==
Presently, both the Samana and [[Karnal]] branches of the tribe emigrated to [[Pakistan]], many are now found in the city of [[Punjab (Pakistan)|Punjab]] and [[Sindh]]. But many of the [[Jarauda]] Marhal are still found in [[India]].

==See also==
* [[Ranghar]]

==External links==

Full text of the Annals of Karnal https://archive.org/stream/annalsofkarnal00buckrich/annalsofkarnal00buckrich_djvu.txt

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Jat clans]]
[[Category:Jat clans of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Punjabi tribes]]
[[Category:Muslim communities of India]]
[[Category:Jat clans of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Jat clans of Haryana]]
[[Category:Muslim communities of Uttar Pradesh]]

Marhal - Revision history

imported>Ahmadnisar1213 at 23:34, 24 May 2021