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{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox church
| name = Angamali East Church
| fullname = Mar Hormizd Syro-Malabar Catholic Co-cathedral Church, Angamaly
| image = Angamaly Kizhakkeppally.jpg
| imagesize =
| caption = Mar Hormizd Syro-Malabar Church, Angamaly
| pushpin map =
| coordinates = {{coord|10.188935|76.38836|region:IN_type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
| location = [[Angamaly]], [[Kerala]]
| country = [[India]]
| denomination = [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] ([[Syro-Malabar Catholic Church]])<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.syromalabarchurch.in/parish.php?id=276 | title=St. Hormis Church, Angamaly East | publisher=Syro-Malabar Church | access-date=1 July 2018 }}</ref>
| tradition = [[East Syriac Rite]]
| previous denomination =
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| former name = Mar Hormizd Metropolitan Cathedral
| bull date =
| founded date = 480<ref>{{Cite book|last=Menon|first=A. Sreedhara|url=https://indianculture.gov.in/gazettes/kerala-district-gazetteers-ernakulam|title=Kerala District Gazetteers: Ernakulam|publisher=The Superintendent of Government Presses, Government Press, Trivandrum|year=1965|pages=825|author-link=A. Sreedhara Menon}}</ref><br>1577{{sfnp|Malekandathil|2020}}
| founder = [[Abraham of Angamaly]]{{sfnp|Malekandathil|2020}}
| dedication = [[Rabban Hormizd|Hormizd Rabban]]{{sfnp|Malekandathil|2020}}
| dedicated date = 1578{{sfnp|Malekandathil|2020}}
| consecrated date = 1578{{sfnp|Malekandathil|2020}}
| cult = former cathedral of [[Saint Thomas Christians]]
| relics = Mar Abraham
| events = Festival of St .Hormis and St. Sebastian
| past bishop = Mar Abraham
| people = [[Saint Thomas Christians]]
| status = Filial<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ernakulamarchdiocese.org/churches.php?page%3D1 |title=Archdiocese of Ernakulam-Angamaly |access-date=2014-11-18 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141110142538/http://www.ernakulamarchdiocese.org/churches.php?page=1 |archive-date=2014-11-10 }}</ref>
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| parish = [[St. George Syro-Malabar Basilica, Angamaly]]
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| archdiocese = [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Major Archeparchy of Ernakulam-Angamaly]]
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| archbishop = [[Mar]] [[George Alencherry]]
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}}

'''Mar Hormizd Cathedral''', locally known as the '''Eastern Church of Angamaly''' ({{lang-ml|അങ്കമാലി കിഴക്കേപ്പള്ളി|Angamali Kiḻakkeppaḷḷi}}) or the '''Cathedral Church''' ({{lang-ml|അരമനപള്ളി|Aramanappaḷḷi}}), is a Syro-Malabar church in [[Angamaly]], [[India]]. It was created [[cathedral]] in 1577 by [[Abraham of Angamaly|Mar Abraham]], the last [[East Syriac Church|East Syriac]] Metropolitan to reach [[Malabar Coast]]. It is one of the oldest and is historically the most important of the three ancient Syrian churches in Angamaly.{{sfnp|Ayyar|1931|p=152}}{{sfnp|Malekandathil|2020}}<ref name="Charles George Herbermann">Encyclopaedia of sects & religious doctrines, Volume 4 By Charles George Herbermann page 1180,1181</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Bas |first=Charles Webb Le |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a3jQXEV_MqIC |title=The life of Thomas Fanshaw Middleton, bishop of Calcutta |date=1831 |language=en|page=311}}</ref> It is dedicated to [[Rabban Hormizd|Mar Hormizd]], a seventh-century East Syriac saint.<ref>{{cite book
| title =Divine Praises in Aramaic Tradition
| author = Fr. Varghese Pathikulangara CMI
| publisher =Denha Services
| year =2011
|isbn =978-93-81207-02-4
|url =http://www.nasranifoundation.org/books/pdf/DivinePraisesinAramaicTradition.pdf
| page =48
| location =Kottayam}}</ref><ref name=angamalybasilica>{{Cite web |url=http://angamalybasilica.com/template.php?id=35&page=8&catid=72 |title=St.George Basilica Church, Angamaly |access-date=18 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120201083531/http://angamalybasilica.com/template.php?id=35&page=8&catid=72 |archive-date=1 February 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The Chaldean bishop Mar Abraham was ordained as the Archbishop of Angamali<ref name="Herbermann1">{{cite book |last= Herbermann |first= Charles George|title=Encyclopaedia of sects & religious doctrines, Volume 4 |date=2005|publisher=Cosmo Publications |page=1181 |url=|language=en |isbn=9788177559385|quote="....and Abraham succeeded also in obtaining his nomination and creation as Archbishop Angamale from the pope, with letters to the Archbishop of Goa, and to the Bishop Cochin dated 27 Feb 1565."}}</ref> and Rabban Hormiz Church was the Cathedral church.<ref name=":2" /> Mar Abraham came to Malabar in 1570, as a Chaldean Catholic Archbishop, after being previously imprisoned by the Portuguese in Goa.<ref name=":0" /> Angamaly, being a centre of [[Saint Thomas Christians]] and being an inland settlement ruled by native kings, provided a safer headquarters to the Chaldean archbishop and therefore he settled Angamaly as his [[episcopal see]] to govern the Syro-Malabar Church of [[India (East Syriac ecclesiastical province)|India]].<ref>{{cite book|last= Perczel|first=István|author-link=István Perczel|title=Syriac Christianity in India|series=The Syriac World|editor=Daniel King|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e-GEDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA653|isbn=9781317482116|publisher=Routledge|pages=653–697|year=2018}}</ref> Its jurisdiction extended all over the Indian subcontinent until the 16th century. This title denotes a quasi-patriarchal status with all India jurisdiction.<ref name="Joseph Thekkedathu">Joseph Thekkedathu, pous cit pp96-100</ref><ref name="Rev Dr Placid Podipara">Rev Dr Placid Podipara, The Hierarchy of Syro Malabar Church, in Collected works of Rev Dr Placid Podipara CMI, Vol I p 719</ref><ref>For full details cf. the many passages in the Thomapedia, 1973/2000, Ed.George Menachery</ref> The church houses the tomb of Mar Abraham who died in 1597.<ref name="Ernst Bremer, Susanne Röhl">Language of religion, language of the people: medieval Judaism, Christianity, and Islam,Ernst Bremer, Susanne Röhl Page 401</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nasrani.net/2007/07/31/book-reviewthe-nazranies-by-prof-george-menanchery/|title = Book Review:The Nazranies by Prof. George Menanchery|date = 31 July 2007}}</ref> The most ancient school (university in Portuguese accounts) for ''Malpan'' (ecclesiastical) training was functioning at Angamaly next to the Cathedral Church, much before the arrival of the Portuguese.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Informação do que fez o Padre Mestre Melchior Carneiro em uns Reinos que estão junto de Cochim pela terra dentro|editor=Antonio da Silva Rego|author=[[Melchior Carneiro]]| journal=Documentação para a Historia das Missões do Padroado Portugues do Oriente|volume=8|location=Lisbon|url=https://purl.pt/26745/4/r-16453-v/r-16453-v_item4/index.html|edition=1952|page=498-9|language=Portuguese|quote=O que aconteçeo foi que, entrando o padre polla terra dentro, se foi primeiro so reino de Angamale, onde estes christãos tem sua universidade, porque está naquella terra hum caçanar, que he como padre antre elles, em que elles muito estribão, por sua antiguidade e letras, o qual avera cinquoenta annos que lee a Escritura e tem ahi muitos dis cipulos de toda a terra do Malavar. E lee a Escritura na lingos syrica e os discipulos se exerçitio, logo no prin cipio, a escrever a Escritura e a ensinar-se por ella. E o modo que tem de aprender he escrever as lições que lhe dão, e tem nisto muito exerçiçio. Isto he quanto a materia de suas letras. Quanto a maneira de seu culto divino, be rezarem suas oras na igreja, polla manhãa e a noite, e a mor parte da gente acode, polla manhia e a noite, a adorar huma cruz, que tem na igreja, porque não consitem imagens, senão são hum ou dois lugares que tem mais comonicação com os portugueses Outro he que celebrão huma missa, que chamão missa de Nestor, na qual tem muyta devação, segundo entendeo de hum caçanar. Em a Ave-Maria não nomeão a Nossa Senhora por Madre de Deos, senão por Madre de Christo, contra a determinação do Concilio Ephesino. Tere outros muitos erros contra o direito postivo, o qual ainda não receberio, poe lhes não ser solénemente publicado.}}</ref><ref name="Du Jarric, tom. I, lib. II, p. 614">Du Jarric, tom. I, lib. II, p. 614</ref><ref name="Du Jarric, Rer. Ind. Thesaur., tom. III, lib. II, p. 69">Du Jarric, "Rer. Ind. Thesaur.", tom. III, lib. II, p. 69</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=St. Hormis Church, Angamaly {{!}} Mural Paintings in Kerala Churches {{!}} Christianity in Kerala {{!}} Kerala Tourism |url=https://www.keralatourism.org/christianity/hormis-church-angamaly/69 |access-date=2022-03-09 |website=Kerala Tourism |language=en}}</ref> Following the death of Mar Abraham, the [[Padroado|padroado Roman Catholics]], led by Archbishop of Goa Alexis de Menesis, managed to block the arrival of further Syriac bishops and succeeded in organising the [[Synod of Diamper]], a pseudo-diocesan synod, and forcibly brought the Syro-Malabar Christians under their jurisdiction. The Synod questioned the status of the cathedral, [[anathematized]] Rabban Hormizd and decreed to replace the patron saint's name and commemorations with that of [[Hormizd the Martyr]].<ref name=":1" /> The church, however, retained that cathedral status until [[Francisco Ros|Francisco Roz]] moved the diocesan headquarters to [[Kodungallur]].<ref name="Perron" />

==History==
===Mar Hormizd Church, the Metropolitan Church===
After having made a successful escape from the Portuguese detention in Goa, Mar Abraham returned to Angamaly in 1570. In the same year, Mar Abraham started to construct his Cathedral Church in patronage of [[Rabban Hormizd]], a seventh-century Abbot of the East Syriac Church, as its patron.<ref name=":0">[[Pius Malekandathil]] , “[https://www.nasrani.net/author/pius-malekandathil/ ''Angamali And The St. Thomas Christians: An Historical Overview'']” in Angamali And The St. Thomas Christians: An Historical Overview</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Geddes|first=Michael|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9Ds3AAAAMAAJ|title=The History of the Church of Malabar, from the Time of Its Being First Discover'd by the Portuguezes in the Year 1501|publisher=Sam. Smith, and Benj. Walford|year=1694|pages=150|author-link=Michael Geddes}}</ref>

In 1578, as a response to the requests made on the part of the [[Jesuit]] missionaries who had been working in Angamaly and in the other centres of the [[Christians of St. Thomas]], the pope sent plenary [[indulgences]] to the Cathedral of Rabban Hormizd which the faithful could obtain four times a year for 25 years from the year of the election of the Metropolitan [[Abraham of Angamaly|Mar Abraham]]. The indulgences covered two feasts of the Patron Rabban Hormizd that fell on the fifteenth day after Easter (Monday) and on the first of September. As requested by Mar Abraham, the Jesuits laid the foundation stone of a new Cathedral Rabban Hormizd in the same place that was chosen by the Metropolitan.{{sfnp|Malekandathil|2020}}

===Accounts by some authors===
[[Antonio de Gouvea]], in his book ''Jornada do Arcebispo de Goa Dom Frey Aleixo de Meneses'' (1606), the travelogue of Alexis de Menezes the padroado Archbishop of Goa who convened the Synod of Diamper, gives an account of the churches in Angamaly:
{{quote|''Angamalle'' (Angamali) has three big churches, the Cathedral had been dedicated to ''Hermusio'' (Hormusio) ''Abbot'', a Nestorian heretic, and very important head of this heresy; the Archbishop changed its name to ''Saint Hormisda'', martyr of Persia, which is the same name in the Malabar language, and persuaded the people that that was the Patron Saint of that church, that they were mistaken about the day and the legend of his life, and he ordered the burning of the book on the life of the said ''Hormusio'', for having many errors and heresies, which he first showed to all the ''Cassanars'', which they confessed to be so.|source={{harvnb| Malekandathil|2003|p=350}}|author=[[Antonio de Gouvea]]|title=''Jornada do Arcebispo de Goa Dom Frey Aleixo de Meneses'' (1606)}}
[[File:Tomb of last East Syrian Metropolitan Mar Abraham at Mar Hormizd Syro-Malabar Church, Angamaly.jpg|thumb|Tomb of [[Abraham of Angamaly|Mar Abraham]] inside the Madbaha of Mar Hormizd Church, Angamaly]]

[[Abraham Hyacinthe Anquetil-Duperron|Anquetil Du Perron]], who visited [[Malabar Coast|Malabar]] in the eighteenth century, gives the following list and description of churches in Angamaly in the country of the ''Velutha Thavali'' ruler:<ref name=Perron/>
# Church of the Holy Virgin (''valiyapalli'' or Great Church) co-owned by Syrian Catholics and ''schismatics'' (the present [[St. George Syro-Malabar Basilica, Angamaly|St George Syro-Malabar Catholic Basilica]]).<ref name=":0" /> It has a chapel dedicated to Saint George (now defunct) in which both Syrian Catholics and ''schismatics'' celebrate their liturgies one after the other.<ref name="Perron" />
# Another church dedicated to [[Hormizd the Martyr|Saint Hormisdas the Martyr]]. It is used exclusively by the Syrian Catholics. It was the Cathedral church of the diocese before its see was moved to Cranganore.<ref name="Perron" />
# Another church which is also dedicated to the Holy Virgin. It is known locally as the ''Cheriyapally'' (Minor Church). It is the headquarters of Archdeacon Thoma I and it is used exclusively by the ''schismatics''.<ref name=Perron/> It is the present day [[St. Mary's Jacobite Soonoro Cathedral, Angamaly|St. Mary's Jacobite Church]].<ref name=":0" />

He then mentions a fourth church in the country of the ''Velutha Thavali'', which is at [[Akaparambu]] and dedicated to [[Gervasius and Protasius|Saint Gervasis]], co-owned by Syrian Catholics and ''schismatics''.<ref name=Perron>{{cite journal|title=Zend Avesta|volume=I|last=du Perron |first=Anquetil|pages=clxxxv-clxxxvj}}</ref> Now the original church in Akaparambu went to the Jacobites while the Syro-Malabar Catholics constructed their own church in the property allotted to them.<ref name=":0" /> Meanwhile the Great Church of Angamaly became exclusive to the Catholics and the Jacobites received the Minor Church of Angamaly.<ref name=":0" />

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:StHormisside.jpg|Exterior of the church
File:Mar Hormizd at Syro-Malabar Church, Angamaly.jpg|Image of [[Rabban Hormizd]] at Mar Hormizd Syro-Malabar Church, Angamaly
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[St. George Syro-Malabar Catholic Basilica, Angamaly]]
* [[Kottakkavu Mar Thoma Syro-Malabar Pilgrim Church, North Paravur]]
* [[India (ecclesiastical province)]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
==Sources==
* {{Cite book|editor-last=Malekandathil|editor-first=Pius|title=Jornada of Dom Alexis de Menezes|year=2003|location=London|editor-link=Pius Malekandathil|isbn=9788188979004|publisher=L. R. C. Publications}}
* {{Cite book|last=Pearson|first=Hugh|url=https://archive.org/details/memoirslifeandw03peargoog/page/n110/mode/2up|title=Memoirs of the Life and Writings of the Rev. Claudius Buchanan|year=1819|location=London|pages=85–89|author-link=Hugh Pearson (dean of Salisbury)|oclc=1048815028|publisher=Oxford University Press}}
* {{cite book|first=A. S. Ramanatha|last=Ayyar|title=Travancore Archaeological Series|volume=VII: part 2|page=152-155|year=1931|url=https://archive.org/details/pli.kerala.rare.46999/page/n187/mode/2up|publisher=Superintendent of Government Press}}
* {{cite web |first= Pius |last= Malekandathil|author-link= Pius Malekandathil|title=Angamali And The St. Thomas Christians: An Historical Overview |url=https://www.nasrani.net/author/pius-malekandathil/|year=2020|access-date= 14 July 2020}}
* {{cite web |author= Jenee Peter |title=Medieval Structural Remains from St. Hormis Church, Angamaly|url=https://www.academia.edu/31666162}}

{{Christianity in Kerala}}

[[Category:Syro-Malabar Catholic cathedrals]]
[[Category:Churches in Angamaly]]
[[Category:Eastern Catholic churches in Kerala]]
[[Category:Churches completed in 1583]]
[[Category:1577 establishments in Asia]]

Mar Hormizd Syro-Malabar Cathedral, Angamaly - Revision history

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