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A '''mantle''' is a layer inside a [[Planet|planetary body]] that is between the [[core]] and the [[Crust (geology)|crust]] of a planetary body. Mantles are made of [[Rock (geology)|rock]] or [[Ice|ices]]. They are generally the largest layer of the planetary body. All [[Terrestrial planet|terrestrial planets]], a number of [[Asteroid|asteroids]], and some [[moons]] have mantles.

== Earth's mantle ==
{{Main|Earth's mantle}}
The Earth's mantle is a layer of [[silicate]] rock between the crust and the outer core. Its [[mass]] is 4.01 × 10<sup>24</sup> kg. It makes up 67% the mass of the Earth. It has a thickness of 2,900 kilometres (1,800 mi).<ref name=":0">{{cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/65171709|title=The planetary scientist's companion|last=Lodders, Katharina.|date=1998|publisher=Oxford University Press|others=Fegley, Bruce.|isbn=978-1-4237-5983-6|location=New York|oclc=65171709}}</ref> It makes up about 84% of Earth's [[volume]]. The Earth's mantle behaves as a [[Viscosity|viscous]] [[fluid]].

== Other planetary mantles ==
[[Mercury (planet)|Mercury]] has a silicate mantle that is [[approximately]] 490 km thick. Mercury's mantle makes up 28% of its mass. [[Venus|Venus's]] silicate mantle is approximately 2800 km thick. Venus's mantle makes up around 70% of its mass. [[Mars|Mars's]] silicate mantle is approximately 1600 km thick. Mar's mantle makes up 74–88% of its mass.<ref name=":0" />

== Moons with mantles ==
Jupiter's moons [[Io (moon)|Io]], [[Europa (moon)|Europa]], and [[Ganymede (moon)|Ganymede]] have silicate mantles. Io's mantle is 1100 km thick. Ganymede's mantle is 1315 km thick. Europa's mantle is 1165 km thick.<ref name=":0" /> The silicate mantle of the [[Moon]] is approximately 1300–1400 km thick.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Wieczorek|first1=Mark A.|last2=Jolliff|first2=Bradley L.|last3=Khan|first3=Amir|last4=Pritchard|first4=Matthew E.|last5=Weiss|first5=Benjamin P.|last6=Williams|first6=James G.|last7=Hood|first7=Lon L.|last8=Righter|first8=Kevin|last9=Neal|first9=Clive R.|date=2006-01-01|title=The Constitution and Structure of the Lunar Interior|url=https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/msa/rimg/article-abstract/60/1/221/140775/The-Constitution-and-Structure-of-the-Lunar|journal=Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry|language=en|volume=60|issue=1|pages=221–364|doi=10.2138/rmg.2006.60.3|bibcode=2006RvMG...60..221W|issn=1529-6466}}</ref> [[Titan (moon)|Titan]] and [[Triton (moon)|Triton]] each have a mantle made of ice or other [[solid]] [[Volatiles|volatile]] [[Substance|substances]].<ref>{{cite web|date=2015-09-14|title=Cassini Solstice Mission: Layers of Titan -- Annotated|url=http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/photos/imagedetails/index.cfm?imageId=4468|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150914203834/http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/photos/imagedetails/index.cfm?imageId=4468|archive-date=2015-09-14|access-date=2020-10-29}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2015-11-17|title=Solar System Exploration|url=http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/triton/indepth|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117013842/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/triton/indepth|archive-date=2015-11-17|access-date=2020-10-29}}</ref>

== Asteroids with mantles ==
Some of the largest [[Asteroid|asteroids]] have mantles.<ref>{{cite web|title=Griffith Observatory - Pieces of the Sky - Meteorite Histories|url=http://www.griffithobservatory.org/exhibits/edgeofspace_piecesofthesky-histories.html|access-date=2020-10-29|website=www.griffithobservatory.org|archive-date=2020-02-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200210150912/http://www.griffithobservatory.org/exhibits/edgeofspace_piecesofthesky-histories.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> For example, [[Vesta]] has a silicate mantle similar in composition to [[diogenite]] [[meteorites]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Reddy|first1=Vishnu|last2=Nathues|first2=Andreas|last3=Gaffey|first3=Michael J.|date=2011|title=First fragment of Asteroid 4 Vesta's mantle detected|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0019103510004513|journal=Icarus|language=en|volume=212|issue=1|pages=175–179|doi=10.1016/j.icarus.2010.11.032|bibcode=2011Icar..212..175R}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Plate tectonics]]
[[Category:Structure of the Earth]]

Mantle (geology) - Revision history

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