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{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Mantharan Cheral Irumporai
| title = Yanai Katchai
| succession = [[Chera dynasty|Chera ruler]]
| reign = * c. 215 CE<ref name=":03" /> or c.141 CE<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ravene |first=G. |date=1897 |title=The Appearance of Halley's Comet in AD 141 |url=https://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1897Obs....20..203R |journal=The Observatory |volume=20 |pages=203-205}}</ref>{{ref|f}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=Williams |first=John |url=https://archive.org/details/observationsofco00willrich/observationsofco00willrich/page/n8/mode/1up |title=Observations of Comets: From BC 611 to AD 1640 |publisher=Royal Astronomical Society |year=1871}}</ref>
| death_date =
| house = [[Chera dynasty]]
}}
{{Chera Dynasty}}
'''Mantharan Cheral Irumporai''' ([[Tamil language|Tamil]]: மாந்தரன் சேரல் இரும்பொறை, title "'''Yanai Katchai",''' ''fl.'' c. 215 CE<ref name=":03">{{Cite book |last=Subbarayalu |first=Y. |url=https://global.oup.com/academic/product/a-concise-history-of-south-india-9780198099772 |title=A Concise History of South India: Issues and Interpretations |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2014 |editor-last=Karashima |editor-first=Noburu |location=New Delhi |publication-date= |pages=49-50 |chapter=Early Tamil Polity}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Upinder |author-link=Upinder Singh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H3lUIIYxWkEC |title=A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: from the Stone Age to the 12th century |date=2008 |publisher=[[Longman|Pearson Longman]] |isbn=978-81-317-1120-0 |location=[[New Delhi]] |pages=384-85}}</ref>) was a ruler of the [[Chera Kingdom|Chera dynasty]] in [[Sangam period|early historic south India]] (c. 1st - 4th century CE).<ref name=":03" /><ref name=":1" />

He was a member of the Irumporai/Porai line, a collateral branch of the Chera family, which had its headquarters at Karuvur ([[Karur]]) in the interior Tamil country.<ref name=":03" /><ref name=":0">{{cite book |last1=Aiyar |first1=K. G. Sesha |author-link1= |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.277483 |title=Chera Kings of the Sangam Period |publisher=Luzac and Co. |year=1937 |isbn= |location=London |pages=63-66 |chapter=Yanaik-kat-Sey Mantaran-Ceral |orig-year=}}</ref> He is also described as the ruler of [[Tyndis|Thondi]] (on the Malabar Coast), the "land the mountain fence protects", and the king of Kuda Nadu.<ref name=":0" />

Mantharan Cheral was a contemporary of the [[Pandya dynasty|Pandya]] ruler [[Nedunjeliyan II|Nedum Chezhian II]] (early 3rd century CE<ref>{{Cite web |last=Thapar |first=Romila |title=India: History, Southern Indian Kingdoms |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/India/The-Shunga-kingdom#ref485313 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica}}</ref>).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kanakasabhai |first=V. |url=https://archive.org/details/TheTamilsEighteenHundredYearsAgo1956 |title=The Tamils Eighteen Hundred Years Ago |publisher=Asian Educational Services |year=1904 |location=New Delhi}}</ref><ref name=":03" /> His death was famously portended by a falling star, possibly a comet or meteor.<ref name=":0" />

== Career ==
Mantharan Cheral is portrayed as a warring ruler in the [[Sangam literature|early Tamil literature (the Sangam Literature)]]. He was hailed as "Yanai Katchai", meaning 'the One with an Eye-sight Like an Elephant'.{{ref|e}}

In a battle of against the [[Pandya dynasty|Pandya]] ruler Nedum Chezhian, Mantharan Cheral was defeated and taken captive. He was brought to the Pandya capital, [[Madurai]]. After his court trial there, he was imprisoned in a fort "inside a bamboo forest surrounded by the crocodile lake". The Chera later escaped, "unaided by strength and stratagem", returned to his country and "continued to rule his loving people in peace, plenty and harmony for many more uninterrupted years".{{ref|b}}<ref name=":0" />

Mantharan Cheral is said to have won a victory at location known as "Vilankil" (Puram 53).<ref name=":0" /> In another battle against the Pandya ruler {{Proper name|"Rajasuyamvetta" Perunnarkilli}}, Mantharan Cheral was again defeated (Puram 125).<ref name=":0" />

== Death ==
The poet Kudalur Kizhar, who was present at the death of Mandaran Cheral, states that the king's death was foreshadowed by a falling star (possibly a comet or meteor) seven days prior to the event.<ref name=":0" />

{{cquote|''"...after a bright falling star - with a leg erupting backward, appeared in the sky, amidst the Adu (Aries) constellation, from the first leg of a Karthikai starday - past midnight, through to the Anusham starday in the first fortnight of the month of Pankuni (Phalguna), neither moving north nor east, staying aput in solitude as an island, with the North star wandering, the Mulam star rising opposite and passing above it, and the Mrikasirisham star staying low over the port of [[Tyndis|Thondi]], on the seventh day Mantharan Cheral Irumporai died suddenly..."{{ref|c}}''
}}

The brightly visible meteor, which appeared during the months of March and April, might have been [[Halley's Comet]] of February–April 141 CE (under Aries across Phalguna).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ravene |first=G. |date=1897 |title=The Appearance of Halley's Comet in AD 141 |url=https://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1897Obs....20..203R |journal=The Observatory |volume=20 |pages=203-205}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Williams |first=John |url=https://archive.org/details/observationsofco00willrich/observationsofco00willrich/page/n8/mode/1up |title=Observations of Comets: From BC 611 to AD 1640 |publisher=Royal Astronomical Society |year=1871}}</ref>{{ref|a}}

== Quotes from Purananuru ==
* {{note|a}}Purananuru: 20-22
* {{note|b}}Purananuru: 229
* {{note|c}}Purananuru: 229
* {{note|d}}Purananuru: 0,22,32,53 & 229
* {{note|e}}Purananuru: 20-22 & 53
* .{{note|f}}Purananuru: 20-22
== References ==
<references/>

[[Category:Chera kings]]

[[de:Chola]]
[[ja:チョーラ朝]]
[[ta:சோழர்]]

Mantharan Cheral Irumporai - Revision history

MD. TARIQUL ISLAM: adding a post