Manilal Gandhi - Revision history

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2025-11-22T03:49:19Z

fix information to improve readability and cleaned formatting

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2021-11-25T19:19:57Z

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← Older revision		Revision as of 00:49, 26 November 2021
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	\| birth_place = [[Rajkot]], [[Rajkot State]], [[British India]]		\| birth_place = [[Rajkot]], [[Rajkot State]], [[British India]]
	\| death_date = 5 April 1956 (aged 63)		\| death_date = 5 April 1956 (aged 63)
	\| death_place = [[~~Durban~~]], [[Natal Province]], [[Union of South Africa\|South Africa]]		\| death_place = [[Phoenix, KwaZulu-Natal\|Phoenix]], [[KwaZulu-Natal Province]], [[Union of South Africa\|South Africa]]
	\| parents = [[Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi]] <br>[[Kasturba Gandhi]]		\| parents = [[Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi]] <br>[[Kasturba Gandhi]]
	\| spouse = Sushila Mashruwala (1927–1956)		\| spouse = Sushila Mashruwala (1927–1956)
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	== Life ==		== Life ==
	Manilal was born in [[Rajkot]], [[British India]]. His early years were spent in Rajkot, and in 1897 he traveled to South Africa for the first time. The family lived for a time in Durban and Johannesburg.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal\|last=Dhupelia-Mesthrie\|first=Uma\|date=2007\|title=Gandhi's South African Family\|journal=India International Centre Quarterly\|volume=34\|issue=2\|pages=34–45\|jstor=23006303}}</ref> Between 1906 and 1914 he lived at the [[Inanda, KwaZulu-Natal\|Phoenix Settlement]] (in KwaZulu-Natal) and [[Tolstoy Farm]] (in Gauteng), both settlements established by his father.<ref name=":0" />		Manilal was born in [[Rajkot]], [[British India]]. His early years were spent in Rajkot, and in 1897 he traveled to South Africa for the first time. The family lived for a time in Durban and Johannesburg.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal\|last=Dhupelia-Mesthrie\|first=Uma\|date=2007\|title=Gandhi's South African Family\|journal=India International Centre Quarterly\|volume=34\|issue=2\|pages=34–45\|jstor=23006303}}</ref> Between 1906 and 1914, he lived at the [[Inanda, KwaZulu-Natal\|Phoenix Settlement]] (in KwaZulu-Natal) and [[Tolstoy Farm]] (in Gauteng), both settlements established by his father.<ref name=":0" />

	After a brief visit to India, ~~in 1917~~ Manilal returned to South Africa to assist in printing the ''[[Indian Opinion]]'', a [[Gujarati language\|Gujarati]]-[[English language\|English]] weekly publication, at Phoenix, [[Durban]]. By 1918, Manilal was doing most of the work for the press and took over in 1920 as editor.		After a brief visit to India, Manilal returned to South Africa in 1917 to assist in printing the ''[[Indian Opinion]]'', a [[Gujarati language\|Gujarati]]-[[English language\|English]] weekly publication, at Phoenix, [[Durban]]. By 1918, Manilal was doing most of the work for the press and took over in 1920 as editor.

	In 1927, Manilal married Sushila Mashruwala (24 August ~~1907–1988~~),<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.gandhiforchildren.org/remembering-sushila-gandhi/\|title=Remembering Sushila Gandhi 1907-1988\|last1=Prasad\|first1=Archana\|date=21 August 2013\|publisher=gandhiforchildren.org\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160519175828/http://www.gandhiforchildren.org/remembering-sushila-gandhi/\|archive-date=19 May 2016\|access-date=19 February 2018}}</ref> and had two daughters, Sita (b. 1928) and [[Ela Gandhi\|Ela]] (b. 1940); and one son, [[Arun Manilal Gandhi\|Arun]] (b. 1934).		In 1927, Manilal married Sushila Mashruwala (24 August 1907 – 1988),<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.gandhiforchildren.org/remembering-sushila-gandhi/\|title=Remembering Sushila Gandhi 1907-1988\|last1=Prasad\|first1=Archana\|date=21 August 2013\|publisher=gandhiforchildren.org\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160519175828/http://www.gandhiforchildren.org/remembering-sushila-gandhi/\|archive-date=19 May 2016\|access-date=19 February 2018}}</ref> and had two daughters, Sita (b. 1928) and [[Ela Gandhi\|Ela]] (b. 1940); and one son, [[Arun Manilal Gandhi\|Arun]] (b. 1934).

	Like his father, Manilal was also sent to prison several times by the [[British India\|British colonial government]] after protesting against unjust laws. He was one of the initial 78 marchers to accompany Gandhi on the [[Salt March\|1930 Salt March]], for which he was imprisoned.<ref name=":0" />		Like his father, Manilal was also sent to prison several times by the [[British India\|British colonial government]] after protesting against what he perceived as unjust laws. He was one of the initial 78 marchers to accompany Gandhi on the [[Salt March\|1930 Salt March]], for which he was imprisoned.<ref name=":0" />

	He remained editor of ''Indian Opinion'' until 1956, the year of his death.<ref>{{cite news\|title=Manilal Gandhi Dead\|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19560406&printsec=frontpage&hl=en\|access-date=19 February 2018\|agency=Press Trust of India\|publisher=The Indian Express\|date=6 April 1956\|pages=1, 8}}</ref> Manilal died from a [[cerebral thrombosis]] following a [[stroke]].		He remained editor of ''Indian Opinion'' until 1956, the year of his death.<ref>{{cite news\|title=Manilal Gandhi Dead\|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19560406&printsec=frontpage&hl=en\|access-date=19 February 2018\|agency=Press Trust of India\|publisher=The Indian Express\|date=6 April 1956\|pages=1, 8}}</ref> Manilal died from a [[cerebral thrombosis]] following a [[stroke]].
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	==Notes==		==Notes==
	* Mesthrie, Uma Dhupelia. ''Gandhi’s ~~Prirghsoner~~? The Life of Gandhi’s Son Manilal''. Permanent Black: Cape Town, South Africa, 2003.		* Mesthrie, Uma Dhupelia. ''Gandhi’s Prisoner? The Life of Gandhi’s Son Manilal''. Permanent Black: Cape Town, South Africa, 2003.
	* [https://archive.is/20121225043228/http://www.history.ukzn.ac.za/ojs/index.php/jnzh/article/viewArticle/300 Dhupelia-Mesthrie, Uma, "Writing the Life of Manilal Mohandas Gandhi," ''Journal of Natal and Zulu History'' 24 & 25 (2006-2007): 188-213.]		* [https://archive.today/20121225043228/http://www.history.ukzn.ac.za/ojs/index.php/jnzh/article/viewArticle/300 Dhupelia-Mesthrie, Uma, "Writing the Life of Manilal Mohandas Gandhi," ''Journal of Natal and Zulu History'' 24 & 25 (2006-2007): 188-213.]

	==References==		==References==
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	== External links ==		== External links ==
	{{Refbegin}}		{{Refbegin}}
	*[https://archive.is/20120728122533/http://www.cofchrist.org/peaceaward/archive/gandhi-intvw2002.asp Interview of Ela Gandhi]		*[https://archive.today/20120728122533/http://www.cofchrist.org/peaceaward/archive/gandhi-intvw2002.asp Interview of Ela Gandhi]
	* The [http://africanactivist.msu.edu/ African Activist Archive Project] website has an [http://africanactivist.msu.edu/audio.php?objectid=5 Interview with Manilal Gandhi] conducted in South Africa in September 1954 by George M. Houser. At the time he was editor of newspaper Indian Opinion and ran the [[Phoenix Settlement]], both established by his father. There is also a 1947 photograph of [http://africanactivist.msu.edu/image.php?objectid=467 Manilal Gandhi at the Community Church of New York], a September 1954 photograph of [http://africanactivist.msu.edu/image.php?objectid=394 Mr. and Mrs. Manilal Gandhi at Phoenix Settlement] and a 1954 photograph of [http://africanactivist.msu.edu/image.php?objectid=455 Chief Albert Luthuli and Manilal Gandhi.] Four issues of the newsletter Bulletin: Americans for South African Resistance has information about him: [http://africanactivist.msu.edu/document_metadata.php?objectid=1784 September 1952 issue], the [http://africanactivist.msu.edu/document_metadata.php?objectid=1775 14 January 1953 issue], the [http://africanactivist.msu.edu/document_metadata.php?objectid=1777 27 February 1953 issue], and the [http://africanactivist.msu.edu/document_metadata.php?objectid=1781 1 March 1954 issue.]		* The [http://africanactivist.msu.edu/ African Activist Archive Project] website has an [http://africanactivist.msu.edu/audio.php?objectid=5 Interview with Manilal Gandhi] conducted in South Africa in September 1954 by George M. Houser. At the time he was editor of newspaper Indian Opinion and ran the [[Phoenix Settlement]], both established by his father. There is also a 1947 photograph of [http://africanactivist.msu.edu/image.php?objectid=467 Manilal Gandhi at the Community Church of New York], a September 1954 photograph of [http://africanactivist.msu.edu/image.php?objectid=394 Mr. and Mrs. Manilal Gandhi at Phoenix Settlement] and a 1954 photograph of [http://africanactivist.msu.edu/image.php?objectid=455 Chief Albert Luthuli and Manilal Gandhi.] Four issues of the newsletter Bulletin: Americans for South African Resistance has information about him: [http://africanactivist.msu.edu/document_metadata.php?objectid=1784 September 1952 issue], the [http://africanactivist.msu.edu/document_metadata.php?objectid=1775 14 January 1953 issue], the [http://africanactivist.msu.edu/document_metadata.php?objectid=1777 27 February 1953 issue], and the [http://africanactivist.msu.edu/document_metadata.php?objectid=1781 1 March 1954 issue.]
	{{Refend}}		{{Refend}}
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	[[Category:Anti-apartheid activists]]		[[Category:Anti-apartheid activists]]
	[[Category:People from Rajkot]]		[[Category:People from Rajkot]]
	[[Category:Deaths from thrombosis]]		[[Category:Deaths from cerebral thrombosis]]
	[[Category:Prisoners and detainees of British India]]		[[Category:Prisoners and detainees of British India]]
	[[Category:South African Indian Congress politicians]]		[[Category:South African Indian Congress politicians]]

>Killuminator at 22:37, 18 April 2021

2021-04-18T22:37:48Z

New page

{{short description|Son of Mahatma Gandhi}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}
{{redirect|Manilal|other people with this name|Manilal (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Mani Gandhi
| image = ManilalGandhiImage.jpg
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1892|10|28|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Rajkot]], [[Rajkot State]], [[British India]]
| death_date = 5 April 1956 (aged 63)
| death_place = [[Durban]], [[Natal Province]], [[Union of South Africa|South Africa]]
| parents = [[Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi]] <br>[[Kasturba Gandhi]]
| spouse = Sushila Mashruwala (1927–1956)
| children = 3, including [[Arun Manilal Gandhi|Arun Manilal]] and [[Ela Gandhi|Ela]]
}}
'''Manilal Mohandas Gandhi''' (28 October 1892 – 5 April 1956)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://lccn.loc.gov/n90712835|title=Library of Congress LCCN Permalink n90712835|website=lccn.loc.gov|language=en|access-date=2018-10-17}}</ref><ref>Dhupelia-Mesthrie: ''Gandhi’s Prisoner? The Life of Gandhi’s Son Manilal'', p. 384</ref> was the second son of [[Mohandas Gandhi]] and [[Kasturba Gandhi]].

== Life ==
Manilal was born in [[Rajkot]], [[British India]]. His early years were spent in Rajkot, and in 1897 he traveled to South Africa for the first time. The family lived for a time in Durban and Johannesburg.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Dhupelia-Mesthrie|first=Uma|date=2007|title=Gandhi's South African Family|journal=India International Centre Quarterly|volume=34|issue=2|pages=34–45|jstor=23006303}}</ref> Between 1906 and 1914 he lived at the [[Inanda, KwaZulu-Natal|Phoenix Settlement]] (in KwaZulu-Natal) and [[Tolstoy Farm]] (in Gauteng), both settlements established by his father.<ref name=":0" />

After a brief visit to India, in 1917 Manilal returned to South Africa to assist in printing the ''[[Indian Opinion]]'', a [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]-[[English language|English]] weekly publication, at Phoenix, [[Durban]]. By 1918, Manilal was doing most of the work for the press and took over in 1920 as editor.

In 1927, Manilal married Sushila Mashruwala (24 August 1907–1988),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gandhiforchildren.org/remembering-sushila-gandhi/|title=Remembering Sushila Gandhi 1907-1988|last1=Prasad|first1=Archana|date=21 August 2013|publisher=gandhiforchildren.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160519175828/http://www.gandhiforchildren.org/remembering-sushila-gandhi/|archive-date=19 May 2016|access-date=19 February 2018}}</ref> and had two daughters, Sita (b. 1928) and [[Ela Gandhi|Ela]] (b. 1940); and one son, [[Arun Manilal Gandhi|Arun]] (b. 1934).

Like his father, Manilal was also sent to prison several times by the [[British India|British colonial government]] after protesting against unjust laws. He was one of the initial 78 marchers to accompany Gandhi on the [[Salt March|1930 Salt March]], for which he was imprisoned.<ref name=":0" />

He remained editor of ''Indian Opinion'' until 1956, the year of his death.<ref>{{cite news|title=Manilal Gandhi Dead|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19560406&printsec=frontpage&hl=en|access-date=19 February 2018|agency=Press Trust of India|publisher=The Indian Express|date=6 April 1956|pages=1, 8}}</ref> Manilal died from a [[cerebral thrombosis]] following a [[stroke]].

==Legacy==
Manilal's children Arun and Ela are also social-political activists. Uma D. Mesthrie, Sita's daughter, recently published a biography on Manilal.<ref>Uma Dhupelia Mesthrie, ''Gandhi’s Prisoner? The Life of Gandhi’s Son Manilal''. (Permanent Black: Cape Town, South Africa, 2003).</ref>

==Notes==
* Mesthrie, Uma Dhupelia. ''Gandhi’s Prirghsoner? The Life of Gandhi’s Son Manilal''. Permanent Black: Cape Town, South Africa, 2003.
* [https://archive.is/20121225043228/http://www.history.ukzn.ac.za/ojs/index.php/jnzh/article/viewArticle/300 Dhupelia-Mesthrie, Uma, "Writing the Life of Manilal Mohandas Gandhi," ''Journal of Natal and Zulu History'' 24 & 25 (2006-2007): 188-213.]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Refbegin}}
*[https://archive.is/20120728122533/http://www.cofchrist.org/peaceaward/archive/gandhi-intvw2002.asp Interview of Ela Gandhi]
* The [http://africanactivist.msu.edu/ African Activist Archive Project] website has an [http://africanactivist.msu.edu/audio.php?objectid=5 Interview with Manilal Gandhi] conducted in South Africa in September 1954 by George M. Houser. At the time he was editor of newspaper Indian Opinion and ran the [[Phoenix Settlement]], both established by his father. There is also a 1947 photograph of [http://africanactivist.msu.edu/image.php?objectid=467 Manilal Gandhi at the Community Church of New York], a September 1954 photograph of [http://africanactivist.msu.edu/image.php?objectid=394 Mr. and Mrs. Manilal Gandhi at Phoenix Settlement] and a 1954 photograph of [http://africanactivist.msu.edu/image.php?objectid=455 Chief Albert Luthuli and Manilal Gandhi.] Four issues of the newsletter Bulletin: Americans for South African Resistance has information about him: [http://africanactivist.msu.edu/document_metadata.php?objectid=1784 September 1952 issue], the [http://africanactivist.msu.edu/document_metadata.php?objectid=1775 14 January 1953 issue], the [http://africanactivist.msu.edu/document_metadata.php?objectid=1777 27 February 1953 issue], and the [http://africanactivist.msu.edu/document_metadata.php?objectid=1781 1 March 1954 issue.]
{{Refend}}

{{Gandhi}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gandhi, Manilal}}
[[Category:1892 births]]
[[Category:1956 deaths]]
[[Category:Mahatma Gandhi family|Manilal]]
[[Category:Gandhians]]
[[Category:Anti-apartheid activists]]
[[Category:People from Rajkot]]
[[Category:Deaths from thrombosis]]
[[Category:Prisoners and detainees of British India]]
[[Category:South African Indian Congress politicians]]
[[Category:South African people of Indian descent]]
[[Category:South African people of Gujarati descent]]
[[Category:Colony of Natal people]]
[[Category:South African editors]]
[[Category:People from Durban]]