Manganiar - Revision history

Surendra Sharma: expand formatting based on references

2026-01-30T06:57:26Z

expand formatting based on references

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:27, 30 January 2026
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	~~{{more citations needed\|date=April 2019}}~~
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=April 2018}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=April 2018}}
	{{Use Indian English\|date=April 2018}}		{{Use Indian English\|date=April 2018}}
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	\| total_ref = <!-- references supporting total population -->		\| total_ref = <!-- references supporting total population -->
	\| genealogy =		\| genealogy =
	\| regions = [[Rajasthan]], [[India~~]]{{·}}[[Sindh]], [[Pakistan~~]]		\| regions = [[Rajasthan]], [[India]]
	\| languages = [[Marwari language\|Marwari]]{{·}}[[Sindhi language\|Sindhi]]{{·}} [[Dhatki language\|Dhatki]]		\| languages = [[Marwari language\|Marwari]]{{·}}[[Sindhi language\|Sindhi]]{{·}} [[Dhatki language\|Dhatki]]
	\| religions = [[Islam]]		\| religions = [[File:Allah-green.svg\|15px]] [[Islam]]
	\| related_groups =		\| related_groups = [[Langha (tribe)]]
	\| footnotes =		\| footnotes =
	}}		}}
	The '''Manganiar''' are a community found in the ~~desert~~ of [[Rajasthan]], [[India]]; mostly in the districts of [[Barmer district\|Barmer]] and [[Jaisalmer district\|Jaisalmer]], ~~but also found~~ in the districts of [[Tharparkar District\|Tharparkar]] and [[Sanghar District\|Sanghar]] in the bordering province of [[Sindh]] in [[Pakistan]].~~{{Citation needed\|date=November 2020}}~~ They are known for various compositions describing stories ~~from Hindu mythology~~ focused on humans, nature, and salvation. They, along with the [[Langha (tribe)\|Langha]] community, are known for their [[folk music]]. They are groups of hereditary professional musicians whose music has been supported by wealthy landlords and aristocrats for generations.		The '''Manganiar''' are a [[Muslims\|Muslim]] community found in the [[Thar Desert]] region of [[Rajasthan]], India; mostly in the districts of [[Barmer district\|Barmer]] and [[Jaisalmer district\|Jaisalmer]], and in the districts of [[Tharparkar District\|Tharparkar]] and [[Sanghar District\|Sanghar]] in the bordering province of [[Sindh]] in [[Pakistan]]. They are known for various compositions describing stories focused on humans, nature, and salvation. They, along with the [[Langha (tribe)\|Langha]] community, are known for their [[folk music]]. They are groups of hereditary professional musicians whose music has been supported by wealthy landlords and aristocrats, especially their traditional [[Jajmani system\|Jajman]] (patrons) from the locally dominant [[Hindus\|Hindu]] [[Rajput]] and [[Charan]] communities for generations.<ref name=":0" /> Some of their [[raga]]s have originated in the Thar and are not found in the [[Hindustani classical music\|north Indian classical tradition]].<ref name="M1">{{cite book \|last1=Abbas \|first1=Shemeem Burney \|title=The Female Voice in Sufi Ritual: Devotional Practices of Pakistan and India \|date=4 June 2010 \|publisher=University of Texas Press \|isbn=978-0-292-78450-5 \|pages=46–47 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m3IDRqlNxuMC&dq=manganhar&pg=PA46 \|language=en}}</ref><ref name="k1">{{cite book \|last1=Kothiyal \|first1=Tanuja \|title=Nomadic narratives: a history of mobility and identity in the Great Indian Desert \|date=2016 \|publisher=Cambridge University press \|isbn=9781107080317 \|page=261 \|quote=The Manganiyars and Langhas are Muslim musicians and are quite different from the [[Bhopa]]s of [[Pabuji]], as they do not claim to be bards but musicians in a real sense. Using instruments like [[rubab (instrument)\|rabab]], kamayacha, pyaledar [[sarangi]], chautaro, sirimandal etc., they not only sing songs of birth, marriages and death, but are also entitled to sing in the kacheris of the patrons. It is in these assemblies that they sing ballads like [[Dhola Maru\|Dhola-Maru]], [[Umar Marvi\|Umar-Marvi]], [[Momal Rano\|Moomal-Rano]] and [[Sassui Punnhun\|Sassi-Punnu]]. Manganiyars sing classical compositions like mota [[geet (song)\|git]] (bada [[khayal]]) and chota git (chota khayal). Some of their ragas have originated in the Thar and are not found in north Indian classical tradition.}}</ref>

	==~~History and origin~~==		==Etymology==
	~~The Manganhars consider themselves descendants of the [[Muslim Rajput\|Rajputs]] and are renowned as folk musicians of the [[Thar desert]]. Their songs are passed on~~ from ~~generation to generation as a form of oral history of~~ the ~~desert. The traditional Jajman (patrons) of the Manganhar are the locally dominant [[Rajput]] and [[Charan]] communities~~,~~<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Musafir \|url=https://www.laphil.com/musicdb/artists/3793/musafir \|access-date=2022-05-30 \|website=LA Phil \|language=en \|quote=~~"~~Manghaniyars~~, ~~like Langas, are sedentary Muslims whose home extends over the border into Pakistan, but their patrons are mostly Hindu Rajputs (a high caste)~~ and ~~Hindu Charans (~~a ~~caste~~ of ~~poets, bards, and historians)~~."}}</~~ref~~> while the Langha have a similar relationship with the [[Sindhi-Sipahi]], a community of [[Muslim Rajput]]s. At times of birth, marriage, or any family festivity for their [[Rajput]] patrons, the manganhar musicians sing songs of the desert and many specially composed songs to praise the patron and his family. {{citation needed\|date=September 2016}} {{dubious\|date=September 2016}}.		Manganhar originated from the words ''mangan'', which means "to beg", and ''hār'' which means "a garland of flowers.".<ref name="M1" />

	==~~Present circumstances~~==		A legend is also among the people :-
	~~In 1978,~~ [[~~Jodhpur~~]]~~-based musician Komal Kothari provided~~ the ~~Manganhars with institutional support, allowing them~~ to ~~sing outside~~ the ~~state for~~ the ~~first time~~. ~~Currently~~, ~~several Manganhar groups tour internationally~~.
			In the [[Muhammad\|prophet]]'s house, [[Fatima\|Bibi Fatema]] offered a necklace (haar) to a Mirasi named Mangan. From this time onwards they were called the 'Manganhar' and the community is now known as Manganiyar.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Desert Music: Soul of Western Rajasthan \|url=https://artsandculture.google.com/story/desert-music-soul-of-western-rajasthan/twUBeELO1jFemw \|access-date=2024-12-31 \|website=Google Arts & Culture \|language=en}}</ref>

			==History==
			The Manganhars are renowned as [[folk musicians]] of the [[Thar desert]]. Their songs are passed on from generation to generation as a form of oral history of the desert. The traditional [[Jajmani system\|Jajman]] (patrons) of the Manganhar are the locally dominant [[Rajput]] and [[Charan]] communities.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web \|title=Musafir \|url=https://www.laphil.com/musicdb/artists/3793/musafir \|access-date=2022-05-30 \|website=LA Phil \|language=en \|quote="Manghaniyars, like Langas, are sedentary Muslims whose home extends over the border into Pakistan, but their patrons are mostly Hindu Rajputs (a high caste) and Hindu Charans (a caste of poets, bards, and historians)."}}</ref><ref name="k1" />

	==Instruments==		==Instruments==
	'''Kamaicha'''<br/>		'''[[Kamancheh\|Kamaicha]]'''<br/>
	The 17-string khamaycha is a bowed instrument. Made of mango wood, its rounded resonator is covered with goat skin. Three of its strings are goat intestine while the other 14 strings are steel.		The 17-string khamaycha is a bowed instrument. Made of mango wood, its rounded resonator is covered with goat skin. Three of its strings are goat intestine while the other 14 strings are steel.<ref name="k1" />

	'''~~Khartaal~~'''<br/>		'''[[Kartal\|Kartaal]]'''<br/>
	The ~~khartaal~~ is a kind of castanet made of teak. Its name is derived from "~~Khar~~", meaning hand, and "Taal", meaning rhythm.		The [[Kartal\|kartaal]] is a kind of castanet made of teak. Its name is derived from "Kar", meaning hand, and "Taal", meaning rhythm.{{citation needed\|date=October 2023}}

	'''Dholak'''<br/>		'''[[Dholak]]'''<br/>
	The dholak is a hand drum similar in timbre to a bongo. A dholak may have traditional lacing or turnbuckle tuning. The dholak has a simple membrane and a handle on the right hand side. The left hand membrane has a special coating on the inner surface. This coating is a mixture of tar, clay and sand (dholak masala) which lowers the pitch.		The dholak is a hand drum similar in timbre to a bongo. A dholak may have traditional lacing or turnbuckle tuning. The dholak has a simple membrane and a handle on the right hand side. The left hand membrane has a special coating on the inner surface. This coating is a mixture of tar, clay and sand (dholak masala) which lowers the pitch.{{citation needed\|date=October 2023}}

	==Notable people==		==Notable people==
	<!--~~-♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on~~ the ~~English Wikipedia ♦♦♦~~--->		* [[KANCHRA Khan]], a singer
	<!---~~♦♦♦ Please keep~~ the ~~list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦---~~>		* [[Lakha Khan]], folk musician, sarangi player and vocalist<ref>{{Cite news \|last=Rahman \|first=Azera Parveen \|date=2021-12-09 \|title=Lakha Khan: 'Music is the reason I am here today' \|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/desert-notes/article37912057.ece \|access-date=2025-04-09 \|work=The Hindu \|language=en-IN \|issn=0971-751X}} “''The MANGANIYARR community, to which Khan belongs to, are the oral historians of the desert.''”</ref>
	* [[Mai Dhai]], Pakistani manganhar folk singer
	* [[Mai Bhagi]], Sindhi folk singer		* [[Mai Bhagi]], Sindhi folk singer
	* [[~~Kachra Khan~~]], a singer ~~of the Managniar community of western Rajasthan~~		* [[Mai Dhai]], Pakistani MANGANIYARR folk singer
	* [[Mame Khan]], a folk singer		* [[Mame Khan]], a folk singer
	* [[Sakar Khan]], ~~Khamaicha~~ player, ~~Padmasree~~ award winner		* [[Sakar Khan]], Kamaicha player, PADMASRI award winner
	* [[Swaroop Khan]], playback singer		* [[Swaroop Khan]], playback singer

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	==External links==		==External links==
	* [http://manganiar.com/music.html manganhar.com]		{{Commons}}
			* [http://manganiar.com/music.html manganhar.com] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190916124426/http://manganiar.com/music.html \|date=16 September 2019 }}
	* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110831211734/http://unboxedwriters.com/2011/04/manganiar-magic/ "manganhar Magic" article by Poonam Goel]		* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110831211734/http://unboxedwriters.com/2011/04/manganiar-magic/ "manganhar Magic" article by Poonam Goel]
	* [http://www.rajfolkseries.com/music.html "Rhythms of Rajasthan" Preservation Project]		* [http://www.rajfolkseries.com/music.html "Rhythms of Rajasthan" Preservation Project]
	* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110715205207/http://www.roystenabel.com/manganiyar.html "The manganhar Seduction" live show]		* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110715205207/http://www.roystenabel.com/manganiyar.html "The manganhar Seduction" live show]
	* [http://www.folkways.si.edu/albumdetails.aspx?itemid=3089 Smithsonian Folkways]		* [http://www.folkways.si.edu/albumdetails.aspx?itemid=3089 Smithsonian Folkways]
			* {{Cite web \|title=Manganiyar Musicians \|url=https://www.mamekhan.com/manganiyar-musicians.html \|access-date=2025-07-24 \|website=www.mamekhan.com \|language=en}}
	{{Social groups of Rajasthan}}{{Indian Muslim}}		{{Social groups of Rajasthan}}{{Indian Muslim}}

	~~[[Category:Muslim communities of India]]~~
	[[Category:Social groups of Rajasthan]]		[[Category:Social groups of Rajasthan]]
	[[Category:Muslim communities of Rajasthan]]		[[Category:Muslim communities of Rajasthan]]
	[[Category:Social groups of ~~Pakistan~~]]		[[Category:Social groups of Sindh]]

WikiDwarf at 19:17, 27 June 2023

2023-06-27T19:17:25Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:47, 28 June 2023
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	\| native_name_lang =		\| native_name_lang =
	\| image = Manganiar performing at a festival.jpg		\| image = Manganiar performing at a festival.jpg
	\| image_caption = Manganiar children performing with their guru at [[Mehrangarh Fort]], [[Jodhpur]] at World Sufi Spirit ~~Fstival~~ in 2016.		\| image_caption = Manganiar children performing with their guru at [[Mehrangarh Fort]], [[Jodhpur]] at World Sufi Spirit Festival in 2016.
	\| total = Unknown		\| total = Unknown
	\| total_year = <!-- year of total population -->		\| total_year = <!-- year of total population -->
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	\| genealogy =		\| genealogy =
	\| regions = [[Rajasthan]], [[India]]{{·}}[[Sindh]], [[Pakistan]]		\| regions = [[Rajasthan]], [[India]]{{·}}[[Sindh]], [[Pakistan]]
	\| languages = [[Marwari language\|Marwari]]{{·}}[[Sindhi language\|Sindhi]] ~~Dhatti (Dhattki)~~		\| languages = [[Marwari language\|Marwari]]{{·}}[[Sindhi language\|Sindhi]]{{·}} [[Dhatki language\|Dhatki]]
	\| religions = [[Islam]]		\| religions = [[Islam]]
	\| related_groups =		\| related_groups =
	\| footnotes =		\| footnotes =
	}}		}}
	The '''~~Manganhar~~''' are a ~~[[Muslim]]~~ community found in the desert of [[Rajasthan]], [[India]]; mostly in the districts of [[Barmer district\|Barmer]] and [[Jaisalmer district\|Jaisalmer]]~~. Sigalso~~ found in the districts of [[Tharparkar District\|Tharparkar]] and [[Sanghar District\|Sanghar]] in the bordering province of [[Sindh]] in [[Pakistan]].{{Citation needed\|date=November 2020}} They along with the, [[Langha (tribe)\|Langha]] community, are known for their [[folk music]]. They are ~~the~~ groups of hereditary professional musicians, whose music has been supported by wealthy landlords and aristocrats for generations.		The '''Manganiar''' are a community found in the desert of [[Rajasthan]], [[India]]; mostly in the districts of [[Barmer district\|Barmer]] and [[Jaisalmer district\|Jaisalmer]], but also found in the districts of [[Tharparkar District\|Tharparkar]] and [[Sanghar District\|Sanghar]] in the bordering province of [[Sindh]] in [[Pakistan]].{{Citation needed\|date=November 2020}} They are known for various compositions describing stories from Hindu mythology focused on humans, nature, and salvation. They, along with the [[Langha (tribe)\|Langha]] community, are known for their [[folk music]]. They are groups of hereditary professional musicians whose music has been supported by wealthy landlords and aristocrats for generations.

	==History and origin==		==History and origin==
	The ~~manganhars~~ consider themselves descendants of the [[Muslim Rajput\|Rajputs]] and are renowned as folk musicians of the [[Thar desert]]. Their songs are passed on from generation to generation as a form of oral history of the desert. The traditional ~~jajman~~ (patrons) of the ~~manganhar~~ are the locally dominant [[Rajput]] ~~community~~, while the Langha have a similar relationship with the [[Sindhi-Sipahi]], a community of [[Muslim Rajput]]s. At times of birth, marriage or any family festivity for their [[Rajput]] patrons, the manganhar musicians sing songs of the desert and many specially composed songs to praise the patron and his family{{citation needed\|date=September 2016}} {{dubious\|date=September 2016}}.		The Manganhars consider themselves descendants of the [[Muslim Rajput\|Rajputs]] and are renowned as folk musicians of the [[Thar desert]]. Their songs are passed on from generation to generation as a form of oral history of the desert. The traditional Jajman (patrons) of the Manganhar are the locally dominant [[Rajput]] and [[Charan]] communities,<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Musafir \|url=https://www.laphil.com/musicdb/artists/3793/musafir \|access-date=2022-05-30 \|website=LA Phil \|language=en \|quote="Manghaniyars, like Langas, are sedentary Muslims whose home extends over the border into Pakistan, but their patrons are mostly Hindu Rajputs (a high caste) and Hindu Charans (a caste of poets, bards, and historians)."}}</ref> while the Langha have a similar relationship with the [[Sindhi-Sipahi]], a community of [[Muslim Rajput]]s. At times of birth, marriage, or any family festivity for their [[Rajput]] patrons, the manganhar musicians sing songs of the desert and many specially composed songs to praise the patron and his family. {{citation needed\|date=September 2016}} {{dubious\|date=September 2016}}.

	Though manganhar and [[Langha (tribe)\|Langha]]s communities are [[Muslim]], in [[Rajasthan]] many manganhar songs are in praise of [[Hindu]] deities and celebrate Hindu festivals such as [[Diwali]] and [[Holi]] where the performers traditionally invoke the Hindu God [[Krishna]] and seek his blessing before beginning their recital. However lately few members of manganhar community have started converting from Islam to Hinduism under preaching and influence from Hindu organisations.<ref>[https://news24online.com/news/nation/rajasthan-50-muslim-families-embrace-hinduism-barmer-10386de9 250 Manganiar from 50 families embrace Hinduism on 05/08/2020].</ref>

	==Present circumstances==		==Present circumstances==
	In 1978, Jodhpur-based musician Komal Kothari provided the ~~manganhars~~ with institutional support, allowing them to sing outside the state for the first time. Currently, several ~~manganhar~~ groups tour internationally.		In 1978, [[Jodhpur]]-based musician Komal Kothari provided the Manganhars with institutional support, allowing them to sing outside the state for the first time. Currently, several Manganhar groups tour internationally.

	==Instruments==		==Instruments==
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	<!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦--->		<!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦--->
	* [[Mai Dhai]], Pakistani manganhar folk singer		* [[Mai Dhai]], Pakistani manganhar folk singer
			* [[Mai Bhagi]], Sindhi folk singer
	* [[Kachra Khan]], a singer of the Managniar community of western Rajasthan		* [[Kachra Khan]], a singer of the Managniar community of western Rajasthan
	* [[Mame Khan]], a folk singer		* [[Mame Khan]], a folk singer
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	* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110715205207/http://www.roystenabel.com/manganiyar.html "The manganhar Seduction" live show]		* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110715205207/http://www.roystenabel.com/manganiyar.html "The manganhar Seduction" live show]
	* [http://www.folkways.si.edu/albumdetails.aspx?itemid=3089 Smithsonian Folkways]		* [http://www.folkways.si.edu/albumdetails.aspx?itemid=3089 Smithsonian Folkways]
			{{Social groups of Rajasthan}}{{Indian Muslim}}
	{{Indian Muslim}}

	[[Category:Muslim communities of India]]		[[Category:Muslim communities of India]]

->JPxG: Reverted edits by 39.33.215.5 (talk) (HG) (3.4.11)

2021-06-09T08:24:44Z

Reverted edits by 39.33.215.5 (talk) (HG) (3.4.11)

New page

{{more citations needed|date=April 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
| group = Manghanhar
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image = Manganiar performing at a festival.jpg
| image_caption = Manganiar children performing with their guru at [[Mehrangarh Fort]], [[Jodhpur]] at World Sufi Spirit Fstival in 2016.
| total = Unknown
| total_year = 
| total_source = 
| total_ref = 
| genealogy =
| regions = [[Rajasthan]], [[India]]{{·}}[[Sindh]], [[Pakistan]]
| languages = [[Marwari language|Marwari]]{{·}}[[Sindhi language|Sindhi]] Dhatti (Dhattki)
| religions = [[Islam]]
| related_groups =
| footnotes =
}}
The '''Manganhar''' are a [[Muslim]] community found in the desert of [[Rajasthan]], [[India]]; mostly in the districts of [[Barmer district|Barmer]] and [[Jaisalmer district|Jaisalmer]]. Sigalso found in the districts of [[Tharparkar District|Tharparkar]] and [[Sanghar District|Sanghar]] in the bordering province of [[Sindh]] in [[Pakistan]].{{Citation needed|date=November 2020}} They along with the, [[Langha (tribe)|Langha]] community, are known for their [[folk music]]. They are the groups of hereditary professional musicians, whose music has been supported by wealthy landlords and aristocrats for generations.

==History and origin==
The manganhars consider themselves descendants of the [[Muslim Rajput|Rajputs]] and are renowned as folk musicians of the [[Thar desert]]. Their songs are passed on from generation to generation as a form of oral history of the desert. The traditional jajman (patrons) of the manganhar are the locally dominant [[Rajput]] community, while the Langha have a similar relationship with the [[Sindhi-Sipahi]], a community of [[Muslim Rajput]]s. At times of birth, marriage or any family festivity for their [[Rajput]] patrons, the manganhar musicians sing songs of the desert and many specially composed songs to praise the patron and his family{{citation needed|date=September 2016}} {{dubious|date=September 2016}}.

Though manganhar and [[Langha (tribe)|Langha]]s communities are [[Muslim]], in [[Rajasthan]] many manganhar songs are in praise of [[Hindu]] deities and celebrate Hindu festivals such as [[Diwali]] and [[Holi]] where the performers traditionally invoke the Hindu God [[Krishna]] and seek his blessing before beginning their recital. However lately few members of manganhar community have started converting from Islam to Hinduism under preaching and influence from Hindu organisations.<ref>[https://news24online.com/news/nation/rajasthan-50-muslim-families-embrace-hinduism-barmer-10386de9 250 Manganiar from 50 families embrace Hinduism on 05/08/2020].</ref>

==Present circumstances==
In 1978, Jodhpur-based musician Komal Kothari provided the manganhars with institutional support, allowing them to sing outside the state for the first time. Currently, several manganhar groups tour internationally.

==Instruments==
'''Kamaicha'''<br/>
The 17-string khamaycha is a bowed instrument. Made of mango wood, its rounded resonator is covered with goat skin. Three of its strings are goat intestine while the other 14 strings are steel.

'''Khartaal'''<br/>
The khartaal is a kind of castanet made of teak. Its name is derived from "Khar", meaning hand, and "Taal", meaning rhythm.

'''Dholak'''<br/>
The dholak is a hand drum similar in timbre to a bongo. A dholak may have traditional lacing or turnbuckle tuning. The dholak has a simple membrane and a handle on the right hand side. The left hand membrane has a special coating on the inner surface. This coating is a mixture of tar, clay and sand (dholak masala) which lowers the pitch.

==Notable people==


* [[Mai Dhai]], Pakistani manganhar folk singer
* [[Kachra Khan]], a singer of the Managniar community of western Rajasthan
* [[Mame Khan]], a folk singer
* [[Sakar Khan]], Khamaicha player, Padmasree award winner
* [[Swaroop Khan]], playback singer

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://manganiar.com/music.html manganhar.com]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110831211734/http://unboxedwriters.com/2011/04/manganiar-magic/ "manganhar Magic" article by Poonam Goel]
* [http://www.rajfolkseries.com/music.html "Rhythms of Rajasthan" Preservation Project]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110715205207/http://www.roystenabel.com/manganiyar.html "The manganhar Seduction" live show]
* [http://www.folkways.si.edu/albumdetails.aspx?itemid=3089 Smithsonian Folkways]

{{Indian Muslim}}

[[Category:Muslim communities of India]]
[[Category:Social groups of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Muslim communities of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Social groups of Pakistan]]