Maneka Gandhi - Revision history

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	\| name = Maneka Gandhi		\| name = Maneka Gandhi
	\| image = Maneka Gandhi.jpg		\| image = Maneka Gandhi.jpg
	\| caption =		\| caption = Gandhi in 2014
	\| birth_name = Maneka Anand		\| birth_name = Maneka Anand
	\| birth_date = {{Birth date and age\|1956\|08\|26\|df=yes}}		\| birth_date = {{Birth date and age\|1956\|08\|26\|df=yes}}
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	}}		}}

	'''Maneka Sanjay Gandhi''' (also spelled Menaka; [[Married and maiden names\|''née'']] Anand) (born 26 August 1956) is an Indian politician, [[animal rights activist]], and environmentalist. She is a member of the [[Lok Sabha]], the lower house of the Indian parliament and a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP). She is the widow of Indian politician [[Sanjay Gandhi]]. She has been a minister in four governments, most recently in [[Narendra Modi's government]] from May 2014 to May 2019. Gandhi inspired many individuals towards social entrepreneurship for example TreeAndHumanKnot in August 2020 which triggered it become a ~~nation wide~~ movement to plant fruit trees by couples.		'''Maneka Sanjay Gandhi''' (also spelled Menaka; [[Married and maiden names\|''née'']] Anand) (born 26 August 1956) is an Indian politician, [[animal rights activist]], and environmentalist. She is a member of the [[Lok Sabha]], the lower house of the Indian parliament and a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP). She is the widow of Indian politician [[Sanjay Gandhi]]. She has been a minister in four governments, most recently in [[Narendra Modi's government]] from May 2014 to May 2019. Gandhi inspired many individuals towards social entrepreneurship for example TreeAndHumanKnot in August 2020 which triggered it become a nationwide movement to plant fruit trees by couples.

	She also authored a number of books in the areas of [[etymology]], law and [[animal welfare]].		She also authored a number of books in the areas of [[etymology]], law and [[animal welfare]].

	==Personal life==		==Personal life==
	Maneka Anand was born on 26 August 1956 in [[Delhi]], [[India]] into a [[Sikh]] family. Her father was [[Indian Army]] officer Lt. Col. Tarlochan Singh Anand and her mother was Amteshwar Anand, daughter of Sir [[Datar Singh]]. She was educated at [[The Lawrence School, Sanawar]]<ref>{{cite web \|title=Members : Lok Sabha \|url=http://loksabhaph.nic.in/Members/MemberBioprofileBrief.aspx?mpsno=129 \|website=loksabhaph.nic.in}}</ref> and later at [[Lady Shri Ram College for Women]].<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.firstpost.com/politics/model-gandhi-bahu-modis-minister-manekas-big-fight-against-dynasty-1543137.html\|title=Model, Gandhi bahu, Modi's minister: Maneka's fight against dynasty\|website=Firstpost.com\|date=27 May 2014\|access-date=2 August 2017}}</ref><ref name = "India Today">{{cite web\|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/exclusive-extract-from-khushwant-singhs-autobiography/1/289506.html\|title=Exclusive extract from Khushwant Singhs autobiography}}</ref> She subsequently studied [[German language\|German]] at [[Jawaharlal Nehru University]], [[New Delhi]].<ref>{{cite news\|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=YJ5eAAAAIBAJ&pg=5763,5470655\|title=Mrs Gandhi's son to marry\|access-date=15 July 2012\|newspaper=St. Josephs News Press\|date=29 July 1974}}</ref>		Maneka Anand was born on 26 August 1956 in [[Delhi]], [[India]] into a [[Sikh]] family. Her father was [[Indian Army]] officer Lt. Col. Tarlochan Singh Anand and her mother was Amteshwar Anand, daughter of Sir Datar Singh. She was educated at [[The Lawrence School, Sanawar]]<ref>{{cite web \|title=Members : Lok Sabha \|url=http://loksabhaph.nic.in/Members/MemberBioprofileBrief.aspx?mpsno=129 \|website=loksabhaph.nic.in}}</ref> and later at [[Lady Shri Ram College for Women]].<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.firstpost.com/politics/model-gandhi-bahu-modis-minister-manekas-big-fight-against-dynasty-1543137.html\|title=Model, Gandhi bahu, Modi's minister: Maneka's fight against dynasty\|website=Firstpost.com\|date=27 May 2014\|access-date=2 August 2017}}</ref><ref name = "India Today">{{cite web\|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/exclusive-extract-from-khushwant-singhs-autobiography/1/289506.html\|title=Exclusive extract from Khushwant Singhs autobiography}}</ref> She subsequently studied [[German language\|German]] at [[Jawaharlal Nehru University]], [[New Delhi]].<ref>{{cite news\|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=YJ5eAAAAIBAJ&pg=5763,5470655\|title=Mrs Gandhi's son to marry\|access-date=15 July 2012\|newspaper=St. Josephs News Press\|date=29 July 1974}}</ref>

	Maneka first met [[Sanjay Gandhi]] in 1973 at a cocktail party thrown by her uncle, Major-General Kapur, to celebrate the forthcoming marriage of his son. Maneka married Gandhi, the son of the Prime Minister [[Indira Gandhi]], one year later on 23 September 1974.<ref name=Singh>{{cite news\|last=Singh\|first=Kushwant\|title=Mrs. G, Maneka and the Anands\|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020210/spectrum/book5.htm\|access-date=20 August 2012\|newspaper=The Tribune\|date=10 February 2002}}</ref>		Maneka first met [[Sanjay Gandhi]] in 1973 at a cocktail party thrown by her uncle, Major-General Kapur, to celebrate the forthcoming marriage of his son. Maneka married Gandhi, the son of the Prime Minister [[Indira Gandhi]], one year later on 23 September 1974.<ref name=Singh>{{cite news\|last=Singh\|first=Kushwant\|title=Mrs. G, Maneka and the Anands\|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020210/spectrum/book5.htm\|access-date=20 August 2012\|newspaper=The Tribune\|date=10 February 2002}}</ref>
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	Gandhi went to court to fight an attempt by the government in power at the time to confiscate her passport and won a landmark decision on personal liberty. In the case of ''[[Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India\|Maneka Gandhi v Union of India]]'',<ref>{{cite web \|title=Maneka Gandhi vs Union of India, 1978 AIR 597 \|url=http://indiankanoon.org/doc/1766147/ \|publisher=Supreme Court of India \|access-date=27 October 2013}}</ref> the court found that "Democracy is based essentially on free debate and open discussion, for that is the only corrective of government action in a democratic setup."		Gandhi went to court to fight an attempt by the government in power at the time to confiscate her passport and won a landmark decision on personal liberty. In the case of ''[[Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India\|Maneka Gandhi v Union of India]]'',<ref>{{cite web \|title=Maneka Gandhi vs Union of India, 1978 AIR 597 \|url=http://indiankanoon.org/doc/1766147/ \|publisher=Supreme Court of India \|access-date=27 October 2013}}</ref> the court found that "Democracy is based essentially on free debate and open discussion, for that is the only corrective of government action in a democratic setup."

	In 1980 Gandhi gave birth to a son, Feroze, named after his paternal grandfather. Her mother-in-law added the name [[Varun Gandhi\|Varun]]. Gandhi was just twenty-three years old, and her son just 100 days old, when her husband died in an air crash.<ref>{{cite news \|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1050806/asp/weekend/story_5061896.asp \|title=Art of commitment \|last=Basu\|first=Arundhati\|location=Calcutta, India\|work=The Telegraph\|date=6 August 2005}}</ref>		In 1980, Gandhi gave birth to a son, Feroze, named after his paternal grandfather. Her mother-in-law added the name [[Varun Gandhi\|Varun]]. Gandhi was just twenty-three years old, and her son just 100 days old, when her husband died in an air crash.<ref>{{cite news \|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1050806/asp/weekend/story_5061896.asp \|title=Art of commitment \|last=Basu\|first=Arundhati\|location=Calcutta, India\|work=The Telegraph\|date=6 August 2005}}</ref>

	==Early life and career==		==Early life and career==
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	==Activism==		==Activism==
	Gandhi is ~~a self-described~~ environmentalist and [[animal rights]] leader in [[India]].<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/lok12/biodata/12UP13.htm \|title=Biographical Sketch \|website=Parliamentofindia.nic.in \|access-date=2 August 2017 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501085957/http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/lok12/biodata/12UP13.htm \|archive-date=1 May 2015\|url-status=dead}}</ref> She has earned international awards and acclaim.<ref>See, e.g., Gandhi's MP "[http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/lok12/biodata/12UP13.htm Biographical Sketch] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501085957/http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/lok12/biodata/12UP13.htm \|date=1 May 2015 }}" in which her profession is described as "Writer, Animal Activist and Environmentalist". See also, "[https://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/03/world/asia/03gandhi.html?_r=1&ref=global-home Indian Scion Speaks Out, and Uproar Follows Him]" (NYT, 2 April 2009) which states: "Maneka Gandhi has cultivated a reputation as an animal rights champion."</ref> She was appointed [[chairwoman]] of the Committee for the Purpose of Control and Supervision of Experiments on Animals (CPCSEA) in 1995. Under her direction, CPCSEA members carried unannounced inspections of laboratories where animals are used for scientific research were conducted.<ref>{{Cite web \|url=http://www.sachbharat.in/maneka-sanjay-gandhi \|title=Maneka Sanjay Gandhi \|website=Sachbharat.in \|access-date=29 January 2017\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202064338/http://www.sachbharat.in/maneka-sanjay-gandhi\|archive-date=February 2, 2017}}</ref>		Gandhi is an environmentalist and [[animal rights]] leader in [[India]].<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/lok12/biodata/12UP13.htm \|title=Biographical Sketch \|website=Parliamentofindia.nic.in \|access-date=2 August 2017 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501085957/http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/lok12/biodata/12UP13.htm \|archive-date=1 May 2015\|url-status=dead}}</ref> She has earned international awards and acclaim.<ref>See, e.g., Gandhi's MP "[http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/lok12/biodata/12UP13.htm Biographical Sketch] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501085957/http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/lok12/biodata/12UP13.htm \|date=1 May 2015 }}" in which her profession is described as "Writer, Animal Activist and Environmentalist". See also, "[https://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/03/world/asia/03gandhi.html?_r=1&ref=global-home Indian Scion Speaks Out, and Uproar Follows Him]" (NYT, 2 April 2009) which states: "Maneka Gandhi has cultivated a reputation as an animal rights champion."</ref> She was appointed [[chairwoman]] of the Committee for the Purpose of Control and Supervision of Experiments on Animals (CPCSEA) in 1995. Under her direction, CPCSEA members carried unannounced inspections of laboratories where animals are used for scientific research were conducted.<ref>{{Cite web \|url=http://www.sachbharat.in/maneka-sanjay-gandhi \|title=Maneka Sanjay Gandhi \|website=Sachbharat.in \|access-date=29 January 2017\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202064338/http://www.sachbharat.in/maneka-sanjay-gandhi\|archive-date=February 2, 2017}}</ref>

	Gandhi has filed [[Public Interest Litigation]]s that have achieved the replacement of the municipal killing of homeless dogs with a sterilisation programme (Animal Birth Control programs, commonly abbreviated as ABCs), the unregulated sale of airguns and a ban on mobile or travelling zoos. She currently chairs the Jury of International Energy Globe Foundation which meets annually in [[Austria]] to award the best environmental innovations of the year. She is a member of the [[Eurosolar]] Board and the [[Wuppertal Institute]], [[Germany]].		Gandhi has filed [[Public Interest Litigation]]s that have achieved the replacement of the municipal killing of homeless dogs with a sterilisation programme (Animal Birth Control programs, commonly abbreviated as ABCs), the unregulated sale of airguns and a ban on mobile or travelling zoos. She currently chairs the Jury of International Energy Globe Foundation which meets annually in [[Austria]] to award the best environmental innovations of the year. She is a member of the [[Eurosolar]] Board and the [[Wuppertal Institute]], [[Germany]].
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	;Alleged spread of hatred against Muslims		;Alleged spread of hatred against Muslims
	Police in Kerala booked Gandhi the basis of complaints against her for promoting hatred by levelling accusations coated with communal overtones for a death of a pregnant elephant, against residents in the Muslim-majority district of [[Malappuram district\|Malappuram]] on June 2020. While the elephant died in Mannarcad, [[Palakkad district]], nearly 90 km from Malappuram, BJP leaders including Gandhi targeted the only Muslim-majority district of Kerala.<ref name="Telegraph2020">{{cite web \| last=Rakesh \| first=K.M. \| title=Maneka Gandhi booked for jumbo hate drive \| website=Telegraph India \| date=2020-06-06 \| url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/maneka-gandhi-booked-for-jumbo-hate-drive/cid/1778732 \| access-date=2020-06-22}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/news-analysis/story/factually-speaking-why-maneka-gandhi-s-claims-on-kerala-elephants-malappuram-crime-rate-are-baseless-1685879-2020-06-05 \|title=Factually speaking: Maneka Gandhi's claims on Kerala elephants, Malappuram crime rate are baseless – News Analysis News }}</ref> She said: “It’s a murder. Malappuram is famous for such incidents, it’s India’s most violent district. For instance, they throw poison on roads so that 300–400 birds & dogs die at one time”.<ref name="Ellis-Petersen2020">{{cite web \| last=Ellis-Petersen \| first=Hannah \| title=Killing of elephant with explosive-laden fruit causes outrage in India \| website=the Guardian \| date=2020-06-05 \| url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jun/05/killing-of-elephant-with-explosive-laden-fruit-causes-outrage-in-india \| access-date=2020-06-22}}</ref><ref name="Huffingtonpost2020">{{cite web \| last=Sebastian \| first=Meryl \| title=How The Kerala Elephant Death Got Communalised Thanks To Maneka Gandhi \| website=HuffPost India \| date=2020-06-04 \| url=https://www.huffingtonpost.in/entry/kerala-elephant-death-communalised_in_5ed877d8c5b6ea15610b547f \| access-date=2020-06-22}}</ref> The incident was used by many right-wingers to proliferate anti-Muslim resentment and to demonize the community. A multitude of hateful messages towards Malappuram and its people accompanied her remarks, triggering enraged responses.<ref name="N2020">{{cite web \| last=N \| first=Smitha \| title=Communal colour added to pregnant elephant's death in Kerala \| website=Deccan Chronicle \| date=2020-06-04 \| url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/040620/communal-colour-added-to-pregnant-elephants-death-in-kerala.html \| access-date=2020-06-22}}</ref> She was charged with adding communal color to an animal-related issue that would otherwise be constrained within the Department of Forests.<ref name="TheHinduelephant2020">{{cite news \| title=Case filed against Maneka Gandhi \| website=The Hindu \| date=2020-06-05 \| url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/case-filed-against-maneka-gandhi/article31761081.ece \| access-date=2020-06-22}}</ref> A group calling themselves Kerala Cyber Warriors briefly hacked Maneka Gandhi's website, People for Animals, India.<ref name="TheHinduhack2020">{{cite news \| title=People for Animals website hacked \| website=The Hindu \| date=2020-06-05 \| url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/pfa-website-hacked-by-kerala-group/article31756407.ece \| access-date=2020-06-22}}</ref><ref name="The Quint 2020">{{cite web \| title=Fact Check: All Fake News Linked to Killing of Pregnant Elephant in Kerala Debunked \| website=The Quint \| date=2020-06-06 \| url=https://www.thequint.com/news/webqoof/webqoof-killing-pregnant-elephant-kerala-fake-news-maneka-malappuram-palakkad \| access-date=2020-06-22}}</ref>		Police in Kerala booked Gandhi the basis of complaints against her for promoting hatred by levelling accusations coated with communal overtones for a death of a pregnant elephant, against residents in the Muslim-majority district of [[Malappuram district\|Malappuram]] in June 2020. While the elephant died in Mannarcad, [[Palakkad district]], nearly 90 km from Malappuram, BJP leaders including Gandhi targeted the only Muslim-majority district of Kerala.<ref name="Telegraph2020">{{cite web \| last=Rakesh \| first=K.M. \| title=Maneka Gandhi booked for jumbo hate drive \| website=Telegraph India \| date=2020-06-06 \| url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/maneka-gandhi-booked-for-jumbo-hate-drive/cid/1778732 \| access-date=2020-06-22}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/news-analysis/story/factually-speaking-why-maneka-gandhi-s-claims-on-kerala-elephants-malappuram-crime-rate-are-baseless-1685879-2020-06-05 \|title=Factually speaking: Maneka Gandhi's claims on Kerala elephants, Malappuram crime rate are baseless – News Analysis News }}</ref> She said: “It’s a murder. Malappuram is famous for such incidents, it’s India’s most violent district. For instance, they throw poison on roads so that 300–400 birds & dogs die at one time”.<ref name="Ellis-Petersen2020">{{cite web \| last=Ellis-Petersen \| first=Hannah \| title=Killing of elephant with explosive-laden fruit causes outrage in India \| website=the Guardian \| date=2020-06-05 \| url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jun/05/killing-of-elephant-with-explosive-laden-fruit-causes-outrage-in-india \| access-date=2020-06-22}}</ref><ref name="Huffingtonpost2020">{{cite web \| last=Sebastian \| first=Meryl \| title=How The Kerala Elephant Death Got Communalised Thanks To Maneka Gandhi \| website=HuffPost India \| date=2020-06-04 \| url=https://www.huffingtonpost.in/entry/kerala-elephant-death-communalised_in_5ed877d8c5b6ea15610b547f \| access-date=2020-06-22}}</ref> The incident was used by many right-wingers to proliferate anti-Muslim resentment and to demonize the community. A multitude of hateful messages towards Malappuram and its people accompanied her remarks, triggering enraged responses.<ref name="N2020">{{cite web \| last=N \| first=Smitha \| title=Communal colour added to pregnant elephant's death in Kerala \| website=Deccan Chronicle \| date=2020-06-04 \| url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/040620/communal-colour-added-to-pregnant-elephants-death-in-kerala.html \| access-date=2020-06-22}}</ref> She was charged with adding communal color to an animal-related issue that would otherwise be constrained within the Department of Forests.<ref name="TheHinduelephant2020">{{cite news \| title=Case filed against Maneka Gandhi \| website=The Hindu \| date=2020-06-05 \| url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/case-filed-against-maneka-gandhi/article31761081.ece \| access-date=2020-06-22}}</ref> A group calling themselves Kerala Cyber Warriors briefly hacked Maneka Gandhi's website, People for Animals, India.<ref name="TheHinduhack2020">{{cite news \| title=People for Animals website hacked \| website=The Hindu \| date=2020-06-05 \| url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/pfa-website-hacked-by-kerala-group/article31756407.ece \| access-date=2020-06-22}}</ref><ref name="The Quint 2020">{{cite web \| title=Fact Check: All Fake News Linked to Killing of Pregnant Elephant in Kerala Debunked \| website=The Quint \| date=2020-06-06 \| url=https://www.thequint.com/news/webqoof/webqoof-killing-pregnant-elephant-kerala-fake-news-maneka-malappuram-palakkad \| access-date=2020-06-22}}</ref>

	==Electoral history==		==Electoral history==
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	[[Category:Janata Dal politicians]]		[[Category:Janata Dal politicians]]
	[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]		[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]
	[[Category:Indian ~~women environmentalists~~]]		[[Category:Indian animal rights activists]]
	[[Category:Indian environmentalists]]		[[Category:Indian environmentalists]]
	[[Category:Indian Sikhs]]		[[Category:Indian Sikhs]]
			[[Category:Indian women environmentalists]]
	[[Category:Punjabi people]]		[[Category:Punjabi people]]
	[[Category:20th-century Indian women writers]]		[[Category:20th-century Indian women writers]]
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	[[Category:16th Lok Sabha members]]		[[Category:16th Lok Sabha members]]
	[[Category:17th Lok Sabha members]]		[[Category:17th Lok Sabha members]]
	~~[[Category:Animal rights activists]]~~
	[[Category:V. P. Singh administration]]		[[Category:V. P. Singh administration]]
	[[Category:Animal welfare and rights in India]]		[[Category:Animal welfare and rights in India]]

->Iamkrishnashankar: /* Personal life */

2021-11-15T18:50:00Z

Personal life

New page

{{short description|Indian politician and activist}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2017}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Maneka Gandhi
| image = Maneka Gandhi.jpg
| caption =
| birth_name = Maneka Anand
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1956|08|26|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[New Delhi]], India
| nationality = [[Indian people|Indian]]
| office = [[Ministry of Women and Child Development (India)|Minister of Women and Child Development]]
| term_start = {{Start date|2014|05 |26|df=yes}}
| term_end = {{End date|2019|05|24|df=yes}}
| predecessor = [[Krishna Tirath]]
| successor = [[Smriti Irani]]
| primeminister = [[Narendra Modi]]
| office1 = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
| predecessor1 = [[Varun Gandhi]]
| constituency1 = [[Sultanpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sultanpur]]
| term_start1 = {{Start date|2019|05|23|df=yes}}
| predecessor2 = [[Varun Gandhi]]
| constituency2 = [[Pilibhit (Lok Sabha constituency)|Pilibhit]]
| term_start2 = {{Start date|2014||}}
| term_end2 = {{End date|2019||}}
| successor2 = [[Varun Gandhi]]
| predecessor4 = [[Parshuram Gangwar]]
| term_start4 = {{Start date|1996||}}
| term_end4 = {{End date|2009||}}
| successor4 = [[Varun Gandhi]]
| constituency4 = [[Pilibhit (Lok Sabha constituency)|Pilibhit]]
| predecessor3 = [[Sarvraj Singh]]
| constituency3 = [[Aonla (Lok Sabha constituency)|Aonla]]
| term_start3 = {{Start date|2009||}}
| term_end3 = {{End date|2014}}
| successor3 = [[Dharmendra Kashyap]]
| predecessor5 = [[Bhanu Pratap Singh]]
| constituency5 = [[Pilibhit (Lok Sabha constituency)|Pilibhit]]
| term_start5 = {{Start date|1989||}}
| term_end5 = {{End date|1991||}}
| successor5 = [[Parshuram Gangwar]]
| office6 = [[Minister (government)|Minister of State for Programme Implementation and Statistics (Independent Charge)]]
| term_start6 = {{Start date|2001|11|18|df=yes}}
| term_end6 = {{End date|2002|06|30|df=yes}}
| primeminister6 = [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]
| term7 = January 1990 – April 1990
| primeminister7 = [[Vishwanath Pratap Singh]]
| office8 = [[Ministry of Culture|Minister of State for Culture (Independent Charge)]]
| term_start8 = {{Start date|2001|09|01|df=yes}}
| term_end8 = {{End date|2001|11|18|df=yes}}
| primeminister8 = [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]
| office9 = [[Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment (India)|Minister of Social Justice and Empowerment]]
| term_start9 = {{Start date|1999|10|13|df=yes}}
| term_end9 = {{End date|2001|09|01|df=yes}}
| primeminister9 = [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]
| office10 = [[Minister (government)|Minister of State (Independent Charge), Environment and Forests]]
| term10 = December 1989 – June 1991
| primeminister10 =[[Vishwanath Pratap Singh]] [[Chandra Shekhar]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| otherparty = {{Unbulleted_list|[[Janata Dal]] {{small|(1988 {{endash}} 1998)}}|Independent {{small|(1998 {{endash}} 2004)}}}}
| occupation = {{hlist|Politician|Animal-rights activist}}
| alma_mater =
| spouse = {{Marriage|[[Sanjay Gandhi]]|23 September 1974|23 June 1980|reason=died}}
| children = [[Varun Gandhi]]
| relations = ''See [[Nehru–Gandhi family]]''
| website =
| signature =
| footnotes =
| date = 27 May
| year = 2014
| source = https://web.archive.org/web/20060622225426/http://164.100.24.208/ls/lsmember/biodata.asp?mpsno=129 Government of India
}}

'''Maneka Sanjay Gandhi''' (also spelled Menaka; [[Married and maiden names|''née'']] Anand) (born 26 August 1956) is an Indian politician, [[animal rights activist]], and environmentalist. She is a member of the [[Lok Sabha]], the lower house of the Indian parliament and a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP). She is the widow of Indian politician [[Sanjay Gandhi]]. She has been a minister in four governments, most recently in [[Narendra Modi's government]] from May 2014 to May 2019. Gandhi inspired many individuals towards social entrepreneurship for example TreeAndHumanKnot in August 2020 which triggered it become a nation wide movement to plant fruit trees by couples.

She also authored a number of books in the areas of [[etymology]], law and [[animal welfare]].

==Personal life==
Maneka Anand was born on 26 August 1956 in [[Delhi]], [[India]] into a [[Sikh]] family. Her father was [[Indian Army]] officer Lt. Col. Tarlochan Singh Anand and her mother was Amteshwar Anand, daughter of Sir [[Datar Singh]]. She was educated at [[The Lawrence School, Sanawar]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Members : Lok Sabha |url=http://loksabhaph.nic.in/Members/MemberBioprofileBrief.aspx?mpsno=129 |website=loksabhaph.nic.in}}</ref> and later at [[Lady Shri Ram College for Women]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.firstpost.com/politics/model-gandhi-bahu-modis-minister-manekas-big-fight-against-dynasty-1543137.html|title=Model, Gandhi bahu, Modi's minister: Maneka's fight against dynasty|website=Firstpost.com|date=27 May 2014|access-date=2 August 2017}}</ref><ref name = "India Today">{{cite web|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/exclusive-extract-from-khushwant-singhs-autobiography/1/289506.html|title=Exclusive extract from Khushwant Singhs autobiography}}</ref> She subsequently studied [[German language|German]] at [[Jawaharlal Nehru University]], [[New Delhi]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=YJ5eAAAAIBAJ&pg=5763,5470655|title=Mrs Gandhi's son to marry|access-date=15 July 2012|newspaper=St. Josephs News Press|date=29 July 1974}}</ref>

Maneka first met [[Sanjay Gandhi]] in 1973 at a cocktail party thrown by her uncle, Major-General Kapur, to celebrate the forthcoming marriage of his son. Maneka married Gandhi, the son of the Prime Minister [[Indira Gandhi]], one year later on 23 September 1974.<ref name=Singh>{{cite news|last=Singh|first=Kushwant|title=Mrs. G, Maneka and the Anands|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020210/spectrum/book5.htm|access-date=20 August 2012|newspaper=The Tribune|date=10 February 2002}}</ref>

[[The Emergency (India)|The Emergency]] of 1975–77 saw the rise of Sanjay into politics and Maneka was seen with him almost every time on his tours as she helped him in campaigns. It is often said that during the [[Emergency in India|Emergency]], Sanjay had total control over his mother (Indira) and that the government was run by the PMH (Prime Minister House) rather than the PMO ([[Prime Minister's Office (India)|Prime Minister Office]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/26022710/Mystery-Called-Sanjay-Gandhi |title=Mystery Called Sanjay Gandhi|publisher=Scribd|date=21 November 2007|access-date=19 January 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Express News Service|title=Emergency 'propagandist' who banned Kishore Kumar songs|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/emergency-propagandist-who-banned-kishore-kumar-songs/1127804/|access-date=17 January 2014|newspaper=Indian Express|date=11 June 2013}}</ref><ref name="The Life of Indira Gandhi">{{cite journal|last=Dasgupta|first=Swapan|journal=Third World Quarterly|title=Sanjay Gandhi|date=July 1985|volume=7|issue=3|doi=10.1080/01436598508419863|pages=731–778}}</ref>

Maneka Gandhi founded the news magazine ''Surya'' which later played a key role in promotion of the [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] party after its defeat in the [[1977 Indian general election|1977 election]] following the Emergency.

Gandhi went to court to fight an attempt by the government in power at the time to confiscate her passport and won a landmark decision on personal liberty. In the case of ''[[Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India|Maneka Gandhi v Union of India]]'',<ref>{{cite web |title=Maneka Gandhi vs Union of India, 1978 AIR 597 |url=http://indiankanoon.org/doc/1766147/ |publisher=Supreme Court of India |access-date=27 October 2013}}</ref> the court found that "Democracy is based essentially on free debate and open discussion, for that is the only corrective of government action in a democratic setup."

In 1980 Gandhi gave birth to a son, Feroze, named after his paternal grandfather. Her mother-in-law added the name [[Varun Gandhi|Varun]]. Gandhi was just twenty-three years old, and her son just 100 days old, when her husband died in an air crash.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1050806/asp/weekend/story_5061896.asp |title=Art of commitment |last=Basu|first=Arundhati|location=Calcutta, India|work=The Telegraph|date=6 August 2005}}</ref>

==Early life and career==
Maneka's relationship with [[Indira Gandhi]] gradually disintegrated after Sanjay's death and they would continually argue with one another. Maneka was eventually forced out of 1, [[Safdarjung Road]], the prime minister's residence, after a fallout with Indira.<ref name = "India Today"/> She founded the Rashtriya Sanjay Manch along with [[Akbar Ahmad]]. The party primarily focused on youth empowerment and employment. It won four out of five seats in the [[Elections in Andhra Pradesh]].

Gandhi published ''The Complete Book of Muslim and Parsi Names'', in recognition of her husband's [[Zoroastrian]] faith.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SSdCL2ZfflIC|title=The Complete Book of Muslim and Parsi Names|first1=Maneka|last1=Gandhi|first2=Ozair|last2=Husain|date=2 August 2017|publisher=Penguin Books India|isbn=9780143031840|access-date=2 August 2017|via=Google Books}}</ref><ref name="Hinnells2005">{{citation|last=Hinnells|first=John|title=The Zoroastrian Diaspora: Religion and Migration|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pfO4-5yh7VYC&pg=PA397|date=28 April 2005|publisher=OUP Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-826759-1|pages=397–398}}</ref>

She later published ''The Penguin Book of Hindu Names for Boys''.<ref name="Gandhi 2004 p. ">{{cite book | last=Gandhi | first=Maneka | title=The Penguin Book of Hindu Names for Boys | publisher=Penguin Books | publication-place=New Delhi | year=2004 | isbn=978-0-14-303168-0 | oclc=60391724}}</ref>

Gandhi contested the [[Amethi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Amethi constituency]] from [[Uttar Pradesh]] for the [[1984 Indian general election|1984 general election]] for the [[Lok Sabha]], but lost to [[Rajiv Gandhi]]. In 1988, she joined [[V. P. Singh]]'s [[Janata Dal Party]] and became the General Secretary. In the [[1989 Indian general election]], Gandhi won her first election to Parliament and became a [[V. P. Singh ministry#Minister of State|Minister of State]] as the Minister for Environment.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiatvnews.com/politics/national/maneka-gandhi-union-minister-for-women-and-child-development-11061.html|title=At a glance: Maneka Gandhi- from a 'charming model' to 'union minister of India'|date=7 July 2013}}</ref>

==Activism==
Gandhi is a self-described environmentalist and [[animal rights]] leader in [[India]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/lok12/biodata/12UP13.htm |title=Biographical Sketch |website=Parliamentofindia.nic.in |access-date=2 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501085957/http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/lok12/biodata/12UP13.htm |archive-date=1 May 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> She has earned international awards and acclaim.<ref>See, e.g., Gandhi's MP "[http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/lok12/biodata/12UP13.htm Biographical Sketch] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501085957/http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/lok12/biodata/12UP13.htm |date=1 May 2015 }}" in which her profession is described as "Writer, Animal Activist and Environmentalist". See also, "[https://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/03/world/asia/03gandhi.html?_r=1&ref=global-home Indian Scion Speaks Out, and Uproar Follows Him]" (NYT, 2 April 2009) which states: "Maneka Gandhi has cultivated a reputation as an animal rights champion."</ref> She was appointed [[chairwoman]] of the Committee for the Purpose of Control and Supervision of Experiments on Animals (CPCSEA) in 1995. Under her direction, CPCSEA members carried unannounced inspections of laboratories where animals are used for scientific research were conducted.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sachbharat.in/maneka-sanjay-gandhi |title=Maneka Sanjay Gandhi |website=Sachbharat.in |access-date=29 January 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202064338/http://www.sachbharat.in/maneka-sanjay-gandhi|archive-date=February 2, 2017}}</ref>

Gandhi has filed [[Public Interest Litigation]]s that have achieved the replacement of the municipal killing of homeless dogs with a sterilisation programme (Animal Birth Control programs, commonly abbreviated as ABCs), the unregulated sale of airguns and a ban on mobile or travelling zoos. She currently chairs the Jury of International Energy Globe Foundation which meets annually in [[Austria]] to award the best environmental innovations of the year. She is a member of the [[Eurosolar]] Board and the [[Wuppertal Institute]], [[Germany]].

Gandhi started the organisation ''[[People for Animals]]''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.peopleforanimalsindia.org/ |title=PEOPLE FOR ANIMALS |website=peopleforanimalsindia.org}}</ref> in 1992 and it is the largest organisation for animal rights/welfare in [[India]]. Gandhi is also a patron of [[International Animal Rescue]]. While she is not a vegan,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Scripting/ArticleWin.asp?From=Archive&Source=Page&Skin=TOINEW&BaseHref=TOIBG/2010/02/23&PageLabel=3&EntityId=Ar00300&ViewMode=HTML&GZ=T|title=Article Window|website=Epaper.timesofindia.com|access-date=2 August 2017}}</ref> she has advocated this lifestyle on ethical and health grounds. She also anchored the weekly television program ''Heads and Tails'', highlighting the suffering meted out to animals due to their commercial exploitation. She has also authored a book under the same title. Her other books were about Indian people names. She is a cast member for the documentary ''A Delicate Balance''.<ref name="adb"/>

==Criticism==
Gandhi has often been criticized for her comments.
;Threatening a veterinarian over phone
In June 2021, She has called up a veterinarian threatening to cancel his license for a allegedly botched up amputation surgery of a dog. Despite a veterinarian was trying to make her aware of situation- that he has exercised all due care during surgery and it was a ferocious dog which has torn up bandage and surgical wound after surgery, she has hurled abusive and unparliamentary words. The call was recorded and was made viral in all social media. All veterinary associations have condemned and protested her behavior.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/agra-vet-alleges-maneka-gandhi-abused-him-in-call-colleagues-protest-2471138|title = Agra Vet Alleges Maneka Gandhi Abused Him in Call, Colleagues Protest}}</ref>

;Male Suicide Views
In June 2017, during a [[Facebook]] Live session, she commented that men do not commit suicide. She received negative responses to the comment and spent the rest of the chat answering questions related to this, with chatters pointing out that 68% of the suicide cases reported in [[India]] were committed by men.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/men-do-not-commit-suicide-says-minister-maneka-gandhi-on-facebook-1718640|title=Men Do Not Commit Suicide, Says Minister Maneka Gandhi On Facebook|website=Ndtv.com|access-date=2 August 2017}}</ref>

;False Harassment Threat
In January 2021, [[Deepika Narayan Bhardwaj|Deepika Narayan Bharadwaj]] came forward with an audio tape where Maneka Gandhi was allegedly berating a man for hitting a dog, and was threatening to file sexual harassment cases against him. The man on the tape claimed that it was in self defense, as the dog had bitten his daughter.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Conversation between Maneka Gandhi, businessman goes viral over treatment of animals|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2021/jan/06/conversation-between-maneka-gandhi-businessman-goes-viral-over-treatment-of-animals-2246004.html|access-date=2021-02-02|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=IANS|date=2021-01-06|title=Will have you booked in sexual harassment case: Maneka Gandhi to businessman accused of hitting stray dog|url=https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/national/will-have-you-booked-in-sexual-harassment-case-maneka-gandhi-to-businessman-accused-of-hitting-stray-dog|access-date=2021-02-02|website=National Herald|language=en}}</ref>

;Curfew for Women
In March 2017, she said that an early curfew for girls in hostels helped young women control their "hormonal outbursts" and received a backlash for the comment.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/maneka-gandhi-draws-twitterati-fire-for-hormonal-outbursts-comment/story-dwoWhtQ4MlqlJD8ogvh1pO.html|title=Maneka Gandhi under fire for 'hormonal outbursts' remark|date=7 March 2017|website=Hindustantimes.com|access-date=2 August 2017}}</ref>

;Views on Marital Rape
In 2016, she stated that she was against the criminalization of [[marital rape]] and received a heavy backlash for the comment.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sen|first=Rajyasree|date=2016-03-14|title=Maneka Gandhi tells us marital rape isn't rape after all|url=https://www.livemint.com/Opinion/jdWYjEBWesSGEPl7aDgMbJ/Maneka-Gandhi-tells-us-marital-rape-isnt-rape-after-all.html|access-date=2021-02-02|website=mint|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=March 11, 2016|title=Marital rape cannot be criminalised in India, says Maneka Gandhi|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/maneka-gandhi-marital-rape-criminalisation-312848-2016-03-11|access-date=2021-02-02|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref>

;Alleged spread of hatred against Muslims
Police in Kerala booked Gandhi the basis of complaints against her for promoting hatred by levelling accusations coated with communal overtones for a death of a pregnant elephant, against residents in the Muslim-majority district of [[Malappuram district|Malappuram]] on June 2020. While the elephant died in Mannarcad, [[Palakkad district]], nearly 90 km from Malappuram, BJP leaders including Gandhi targeted the only Muslim-majority district of Kerala.<ref name="Telegraph2020">{{cite web | last=Rakesh | first=K.M. | title=Maneka Gandhi booked for jumbo hate drive | website=Telegraph India | date=2020-06-06 | url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/maneka-gandhi-booked-for-jumbo-hate-drive/cid/1778732 | access-date=2020-06-22}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/news-analysis/story/factually-speaking-why-maneka-gandhi-s-claims-on-kerala-elephants-malappuram-crime-rate-are-baseless-1685879-2020-06-05 |title=Factually speaking: Maneka Gandhi's claims on Kerala elephants, Malappuram crime rate are baseless – News Analysis News }}</ref> She said: “It’s a murder. Malappuram is famous for such incidents, it’s India’s most violent district. For instance, they throw poison on roads so that 300–400 birds & dogs die at one time”.<ref name="Ellis-Petersen2020">{{cite web | last=Ellis-Petersen | first=Hannah | title=Killing of elephant with explosive-laden fruit causes outrage in India | website=the Guardian | date=2020-06-05 | url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jun/05/killing-of-elephant-with-explosive-laden-fruit-causes-outrage-in-india | access-date=2020-06-22}}</ref><ref name="Huffingtonpost2020">{{cite web | last=Sebastian | first=Meryl | title=How The Kerala Elephant Death Got Communalised Thanks To Maneka Gandhi | website=HuffPost India | date=2020-06-04 | url=https://www.huffingtonpost.in/entry/kerala-elephant-death-communalised_in_5ed877d8c5b6ea15610b547f | access-date=2020-06-22}}</ref> The incident was used by many right-wingers to proliferate anti-Muslim resentment and to demonize the community. A multitude of hateful messages towards Malappuram and its people accompanied her remarks, triggering enraged responses.<ref name="N2020">{{cite web | last=N | first=Smitha | title=Communal colour added to pregnant elephant's death in Kerala | website=Deccan Chronicle | date=2020-06-04 | url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/040620/communal-colour-added-to-pregnant-elephants-death-in-kerala.html | access-date=2020-06-22}}</ref> She was charged with adding communal color to an animal-related issue that would otherwise be constrained within the Department of Forests.<ref name="TheHinduelephant2020">{{cite news | title=Case filed against Maneka Gandhi | website=The Hindu | date=2020-06-05 | url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/case-filed-against-maneka-gandhi/article31761081.ece | access-date=2020-06-22}}</ref> A group calling themselves Kerala Cyber Warriors briefly hacked Maneka Gandhi's website, People for Animals, India.<ref name="TheHinduhack2020">{{cite news | title=People for Animals website hacked | website=The Hindu | date=2020-06-05 | url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/pfa-website-hacked-by-kerala-group/article31756407.ece | access-date=2020-06-22}}</ref><ref name="The Quint 2020">{{cite web | title=Fact Check: All Fake News Linked to Killing of Pregnant Elephant in Kerala Debunked | website=The Quint | date=2020-06-06 | url=https://www.thequint.com/news/webqoof/webqoof-killing-pregnant-elephant-kerala-fake-news-maneka-malappuram-palakkad | access-date=2020-06-22}}</ref>

==Electoral history==
* 1984 – Lost to [[Rajiv Gandhi]] from [[Amethi (Lok Sabha constituency)]] over 2.7L votes, was contesting as an Independent Candidate
* 1989–91 – Member of Lok Sabha from [[Pilibhit (Lok Sabha constituency)]], elected on a Janata Dal party ticket
* 1991 – Lost as Janata Dal candidate to BJP's Parashuram in Pilibhit
* 1996–98 – Member of Lok Sabha from Pilibhit (Lok Sabha constituency), elected on a Janata Dal party ticket
* 1998–99 – Member of Lok Sabha from Pilibhit (Lok Sabha constituency), elected as an Independent Candidate
* 1999–2004 – Member of Lok Sabha from Pilibhit (Lok Sabha constituency), elected as an Independent Candidate
* 2004–09 – Member of Lok Sabha from Pilibhit (Lok Sabha constituency), elected on a [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] ticket
* 2009–14 – Member of Lok Sabha from [[Aonla (Lok Sabha constituency)]], elected on a Bharatiya Janata Party ticket
* 2014–19 – Member of Lok Sabha from Pilibhit (Lok Sabha constituency), elected on a Bharatiya Janata Party ticket
* 2019–present – Member of Lok Sabha from [[Sultanpur (Lok Sabha constituency)]], elected on a Bharatiya Janata Party ticket.

==Positions held==
* 1988–89 – General-Secretary, [[Janata Dal]] (J.D.)
* 1989–91 – Union Minister of State (Independent Charge), Environment and Forests
* January–April 1990 – Union Minister of State (Independent Charge), Programme Implementation
* 1996–97 – Member, Committee on Science and Technology, Environment and Forests
* 1998–99 – Union Minister of State (Independent Charge) [[Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment (India)|Social Justice and Empowerment]].
* 13 October 1999 – 1 September 2001– Union Minister of State, [[Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment (India)|Social Justice and Empowerment]] (Independent Charge)
* 1 September 2001 – 18 November 2001 – Union Minister of State, Culture with an additional charge of Animal Care (Independent Charge) Programme Implementation and Statistics with added charge of Animal Care (Independent Charge)
* 18 November 2001 – 30 June 2002 – Union Minister of State, Programme Implementation and Statistics with an additional charge of Animal Care (Independent Charge)
* 2002–2004 – Member, Committee on External Affairs
* 2004 – Member, Committee on Health & Family Welfare, Member, Consultative Committee, Ministry of Environment and Forests
* 5 August 2007 – onwards Member, Committee on Health & Family Welfare
* 31 August 2009 – Became Member of Committee on Railways
* 23 September 2009 – Chairperson, Committee on Government Assurances
* 19 October 2009 – Member, General Purposes Committee
* 26 May 2014 – Union Minister of Women & Child Development

== In popular culture ==
Gandhi hosted ''Maneka's Ark'', an environmental talk show which aired on the Indian national public broadcaster [[Doordarshan|Doorarshan]]'s [[DD National]] channel in the 1990s.<ref>{{Cite web|date=1999-03-01|title=Maneka's motives, BJP's 'mission'!|url=https://www.rediff.com/news/1999/mar/01vir.htm|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-12|website=[[Rediff]]}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Television « Pritish Nandy Communications Ltd.|url=https://pritishnandycom.com/television/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-12|language=en}}</ref> She had earlier hosted ''Heads & Tails'', an animal rights show, on the same channel.<ref name=":0" />

==Awards==
*Shining World Compassion Award along with a cheque for 20,000 dollars from Supreme Master Ching Hai International Association.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-newdelhi/article908558.ece | location=Chennai, India | work=The Hindu | title=Award for Maneka Gandhi | date=24 November 2010}}</ref>
*Lord Erskine Award from the RSPCA, 1992
*Environmentalist and Vegetarian of the year 1994
*Prani Mitra Award, 1996
*Maharana Mewar Foundation Award, 1996 for Environmental work
*Marchig Animal Welfare and selling Prize, Switzerland, 1997
*Venu Menon Animal Allies Foundation Lifetime Achievement Award, 1999
*Bhagwan Mahaveer Foundation Award for Excellence in the sphere of Truth, Non-violence and Vegetarianism, 1999
*Dewaliben Charitable Trust Award, 1999
*International Women's Association Woman of the Year Award, Chennai, 2001
*Dinanath Mangeshkar Aadishakti Puraskar in the field of Environment and animal welfare, 2001
*Rukmini Devi Arundale Animal Welfare Award<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mylaporetimes.com/2011/02/animal-welfare-award-to-maneka-gandhi/|title=MYLAPORE TIMES|website=Mylaporetimes.com|access-date=2 August 2017}}</ref>
*A.S.G. Jayakar award, 2008<ref>[http://www.india-server.com/news/maneka-gandhi-conferred-a-s-g-jayakar-970.html India News – News from India, Latest India News, Online India News Headlines] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090519221018/http://www.india-server.com/news/maneka-gandhi-conferred-a-s-g-jayakar-970.html |date=19 May 2009 }}</ref>
* Human Achiever Award in field of Women Empowerment and Children Welfare by Mrs Caroline W/O Ambassador Of Namibia and Ms Sanorita Issac, founder & Chairperson, Human Achiever Foundation, India.

==Books==
*''1000 animal quiz'', Calcutta : Rupa and Co., 1989, 201 p.
*''Brahma's hair : the mythology of Indian plants'', Calcutta : Rupa and Co., 1991, 175 p. With Yasmin Singh.
*''The Penguin book of Hindu names'', London : Penguin Books; New Delhi : Penguin Books India, 1992, 522 p. Latest edition in 2008.
*''Dogs, dogs, dogs'', New Delhi : Rupa & Co., 1994, 261 p. With Ozair Husain. Latest edition in 2004.
*''The complete book of Muslim and Parsi names'', New Delhi : Indus, 1994, 522 p. With Ozair Husain.
*''Heads and tails'', Mapusa, Goa, India : Other India Press, 1994, 182 p. On animal rights and animal rights.
*''The rainbow and other stories'', New Delhi : Puffin Books, 1999, 67 p. Children's short stories.
*''The Penguin book of Hindu names for boys'', New Delhi : Penguin Books, 2004, 429 p.
*''The Penguin book of Hindu names for girls'', New York : Penguin Books, 2004, 151 p.
*''The Rupa book of animal quiz'', Rupa & Co., 2004, 201 p.
*''Animal laws of India'', New Delhi, India : Universal Law Publishing, 2016, 1649 p. With Ozair Husain and Raj Panjwani.
*''Sanjay Gandhi'', New Delhi : Prestige Publishers, 2017, 244 p. With Himani Bhatia Narula.
*''There's a monster under my bed! : and other terrible terrors'', Gurgaon : Puffin Books, 2019, 54 p. Children's short stories. Illustrations by Snigdha Rao.

==See also==
*[[List of political families|Political Families of The World]]
* [[List of animal rights advocates]]

==References==
{{Reflist|2|refs=
<ref name="adb">{{cite web|url=http://www.adelicatebalance.com.au/cast.html|title=The cast from A Delicate balance – the Truth|publisher=adelicatebalance.com.au|access-date=14 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091013040608/http://www.adelicatebalance.com.au/cast.html|archive-date=13 October 2009}}</ref>
}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-par|in-lwr}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Bhanu Pratap Singh]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Member of Parliament for [[Pilibhit (Lok Sabha constituency)|Pilibhit]] |years=1989–1991}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Parshuram Gangwar]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Parshuram Gangwar]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Member of Parliament for [[Pilibhit (Lok Sabha constituency)|Pilibhit]] |years=1996–2009}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Varun Gandhi]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Sarvraj Singh]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Member of Parliament for [[Aonla (Lok Sabha constituency)|Aonla]] |years=2009–2014}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Dharmendra Kashyap]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Varun Gandhi]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Member of Parliament for [[Pilibhit (Lok Sabha constituency)|Pilibhit]] |years=2014–2019}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Varun Gandhi]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Varun Gandhi]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Member of Parliament for [[Sultanpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sultanpur]] |years=2019 – Present}}
{{s-aft|after=Incumbent}}
|-
{{s-off}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Krishna Tirath]] Minister of State (Independent Charge)}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Ministry of Women and Child Development|Minister of Women and Child Development]]|years=26 May 2014 – 2019}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Smriti Zubin Irani]]}}
{{s-end}}

==External links==
{{Wikiquote}}
* [http://164.100.47.194/Loksabha/Members/MemberBioprofile.aspx?mpsno=129 Profile] at Lok Sabha, Parliament of India
*{{IMDb name|id=1514249}}

{{Cabinet of Narendra Modi}}
{{Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change (India)}}
{{16th LS members from Uttar Pradesh}}
{{17th LS members from Uttar Pradesh}}

{{Animal rights}}
{{Portal bar|Animals}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gandhi, Maneka}}
[[Category:1956 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
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[[Category:20th-century Indian women politicians]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian politicians]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women politicians]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian politicians]]
[[Category:Women members of the Lok Sabha]]
[[Category:People from Bareilly district]]
[[Category:National Democratic Alliance candidates in the 2019 Indian general election]]
[[Category:Culture Ministers of India]]