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{{Short description|Twin villages in Spiti valley, Himachal Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Mane villages, Spiti
| native_name Ringzin sonam
=
| native_name_lang =
| other_name = Mane Kogma & Mane Yogma
| nickname =
| settlement_type = twin villages
| image_skyline = File:Mane Kogma Yogma Gorge Seabuckthorn Fields Spiti Jun18 DSC05502.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Mane Gogma (left) & Mane Yogma (right), ca. Jun '18
| pushpin_map = India Himachal Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Himachal Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|31.9591|N|78.03254|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Himachal Pradesh]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Panchayati raj in India|Panchayat]]
| governing_body = Gram Panchayat, Dankhar
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 0.776
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 440
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type =
| postal_code = 172113
| registration_plate =
| website = https://hplahaulspiti.nic.in/
| footnotes =
}}
[[File:Mane Kogma Spiti Himachal Jun18 DSC05525.jpg|thumb|left|Mane Kogma, ca. Jun '18]]
[[File:Mane Yogma Fields Spiti Himachal Jun18 DSC05519.jpg|thumb|left|Mane Yogma, ca. Jun '18]]
[[File:BSNL Tower Mane Yogma NH505 Spiti Jun18 DSC05334.jpg|thumb|left|Steep, barren slope from Spiti river to Mane]]
'''Mane Kogma and Mane Yogma''' (also known as '''Mane Gogma/Gongma''', '''Mane Yongma''') are two small villages on opposite banks of a [[nullah]] in the cold desert region of [[Spiti Valley|Spiti]] in [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[India]]. The villages, at an altitude of {{Convert|3650|m|ft|abbr=on}}, are located on a small plateau about {{cvt|200|m|ft|abbr=on}} above the right bank of the Spiti River. Due to the lush green fields visible only after climbing the barren slope, the villages are referred to as the "hidden treasure".

Mane is the base for trekking and [[mountaineering]] in the towering [[Manirang|Manirang range]] that runs between Spiti and [[Kinnaur district|Kinnaur]]. Mane Yogma is the last village in Spiti on the trail over the Manirang Pass to Kinnaur.

== History ==
As far back as 1994 when Indian mountaineer [[Harish Kapadia]] and his team passed through on an ascent of Manirang peak, they found the twin villages of Mane Kogma and Mane Yogma.<ref name="Kapadia99">{{Cite book |last=Kapadia |first=H. |title=Spiti: Adventures in the Trans-Himalaya |publisher=Indus Publishing Company |year=1999 |isbn=81-7387-093-4 |edition=2nd |location=New Delhi}}</ref> Reportedly, at some time prior, there was one Mane village. It was said to have been destroyed in a flash flood. The village was rebuilt in two sections: Mane Kogma or lower village on the left bank of the [[nullah]], and Mane Yogma or upper village on the right bank.<ref name="DoW">{{Cite web |last=Joshi |first=Shefali |date=27 Jun 2022 |title=Mane Villages in Spiti Valley Offbeat Places [Maneyogma – Manegogma] |url=https://devilonwheels.com/mane-village-spiti-the-most-complete-guide/ |access-date=20 Aug 2022 |website=Devil on Wheels}}</ref>

==Geography==
[[File:Waterfall Dam Canal Mane Spiti Jun18 D72 6969.jpg|thumb|Waterfall and irrigation canal]]
[[File:Bridge Mane Spiti Himachal India Jun18 D72 6955.jpg|thumb|Bridge connecting the two villages]]
[[File:Woman Baby Mane Spiti Jun18 DSC05475.jpg|thumb|Woman and child]]
The two Mane villages are located at an altitude of {{cvt|3,560|m|ft|abbr=on}} on a small plateau about {{cvt|200|m|ft|abbr=on}} above the right bank of the [[Spiti|Spiti River]]. While the road up from Spiti traverses a barren rock-strewn slope devoid of vegetation, on reaching the plateau, the traveler is greeted by the sight of lush green fields irrigated by a [[nullah]]. The first or lower village on the road from the Spiti valley is Mane Kogma on the left bank of the [[nullah]]. The second or upper village at the end of the road is Mane Yogma on the right bank of the nullah. The straight line distance between the two villages is {{cvt|1|km|mi|abbr=on}} while the road winds along the contours over a distance of {{cvt|3.3|km|mi|abbr=on}} crossing the nullah via a steel girder bridge.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mane Kogma - Mane Yogma route|url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/directions?engine=fossgis_osrm_car&route=32.0336%2C78.2395%3B32.0273%2C78.2457#map=14/32.0357/78.2396&layers=C|access-date=20 Aug 2022|website=[[OpenStreetMap]]}}</ref>

Himachal is prone to landslides due to the geologically young mountain slopes with loose sedimentary strata. This is compounded by human activity such as terracing and construction of roads and buildings. Residents report that agricultural land is subsiding and some buildings in Mane Yogma near the nullah are developing cracks.<ref>{{Cite news |last=TNN |date=14 Aug 2017 |title=Himachal: Landslides are unsettling tiny villages |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/shimla/himachal-landslide-landslides-are-unsettling-tiny-villages/articleshow/60052474.cms |access-date=21 Aug 2022}}</ref>

Mane Kogma is {{Convert|33|km|mi|abbr=}} from [[Kaza, Himachal Pradesh|Kaza, Spiti]]. This is the route on [[National Highway 505 (India)|NH-505]] from [[Manali, Himachal Pradesh|Manali]].<ref name="OSM_Kaza">{{Cite web|title=Kaza-Mane Yogma Route|url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/directions?engine=fossgis_osrm_car&route=32.2244%2C78.0723%3B32.0273%2C78.2457#map=11/32.1230/78.1591&layers=C|access-date=20 Aug 2022|website=[[OpenStreetMap]]}}</ref> From [[Tabo, Himachal Pradesh|Tabo]], en route on [[National Highway 505 (India)|NH-505]] from [[Shimla]], the distance is {{Convert|26|km|mi|abbr=on}}.<ref name="Tabo_Kaza">{{Cite web|title=Tabo-Mane Yogma Route|url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/directions?engine=fossgis_osrm_car&route=32.0940%2C78.3837%3B32.0273%2C78.2457#map=12/32.0589/78.3080&layers=C|access-date=20 Aug 2022|website=[[OpenStreetMap]]}}</ref> The villages cover an area of {{Convert|77.6|ha|acre}}.<ref name=census2011/>{{rp|page=272}}

Beyond the plateau, the terrain rises steeply to the Manirang range separating Spiti from Kinnaur with peaks between {{cvt|5,400-6,500|m|ft|abbr=on}}. Southwest of Mane is the {{cvt|6,593|m|ft|abbr=on}} Manirang peak, one of the highest peaks in the state of [[Himachal Pradesh]]. Mane Yogma is the last village in Spiti on the trail to Kinnaur over the {{cvt|5,550|m|ft|abbr=on}} Manirang Pass. In Spiti, the pass is named Ropak La, after the first village on the Kinnaur side. In Kinnaur, the name is Manirang after the first village on the Spiti side.<ref name="Kapadia99"/>

==Demographics and amenities==
Mane consists of two adjacent villages, Mane Kogma and Mane Yogma with a total area of {{Convert|776|ha|acre|abbr=on}}. Information on Mane from the Census of India 2011 is given in the table.<ref name=census2011>{{Cite book|title=Census of India 2011: District Census Handbook: Lahul & Spiti: Village and Town Directory|publisher=Directorate of Census Operations, Himachal Pradesh|year=2011|volume=Series-03, Part XII-A}}</ref>{{rp|pages=272,306–308,313}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right; padding-right: 2em;"
|+ Census 2011 data on Mane Kogma and Mane Yogma
! Measure !! Mane Kogma !! Mane Yogma !! Total
|-
|style="text-align:left; padding-right: 2em;"| Area (ha) || 226.7 || 514.3 || 776.0
|-
|style="text-align:left; padding-right: 2em;"| Population || 257 || 183 || 440
|-
|style="text-align:left; padding-right: 2em;"| [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Caste]] || <5% || Nil ||
|-
|style="text-align:left; padding-right: 2em;"| [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribes]]|| >75% || >75%||
|-
|style="text-align:left; padding-right: 2em;"| Households || 44 || 49 || 93
|}

Mane Kogma and Mane Yogma are villages in the [[Dhankar Village|Dhankar]] [[Gram panchayat|Gram Panchayat]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=List of PRIs|url=https://hppanchayat.nic.in/PDF/Names%20of%20Gram%20Panchyats%203226%20Final.pdf|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=25 Jan 2021|website=Panchayati Raj Department, HP Govt}}</ref> Schooling up to senior secondary (Classes 1–12) is available in Mane Yogma, with Mane Kogma having a primary school. As of 2011, the nearest health care was more than {{cvt|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} away. Piped water supply is available, and the village has power and telephone connections.<ref name=census2011/>{{rp|pages=272–274}} Mane Kogma has a branch post office. The nearest full-service sub post offices including international speed post are located at [[Tabo Monastery|Tabo]] and [[Kaza, Himachal Pradesh|Kaza]], at distances of {{Convert|26|km|mi|abbr=on}} and {{Cvt|33|km|mi|abbr=on}} respectively from Mane Yogma.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Himachal Pradesh|first=Lahul and Spiti|title=Locate Post Office|url=https://www.indiapost.gov.in/vas/pages/LocatePostOffices.aspx|access-date=20 Aug 2022|website=[[India Post]]}}</ref><ref name="Tabo_Kaza"/><ref name="OSM_Kaza"/>

The 34th Kalachakra, a periodic Buddhist workshop initiated by the [[Dalai Lama]], was planned to be held in [[Dhankar Gompa]] in January 2017. To serve the expected large numbers of monks and tourists from India and abroad, [[Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited|BSNL]] commissioned a base station tower (BTS) in Mane Gogma to serve Dankhar across the Spiti river. The BTS was linked by satellite and powered by solar panels for uninterrupted telecom service.<ref>{{Cite news |date=21 Jan 2016 |title=BSNL satellite tower in Mane to serve Dhankar |work=[[United News of India]] |publisher=HT Digital Streams Ltd.}}</ref> Although the 34th Kalachakra was subsequently held in [[Bodh Gaya]], this plan gave a fillip to telecom service in the Mane villages and the surrounding areas.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 May 2016 |title=34th Kalachakra to be Held from 3 – 14 January 2017 (Update) |url=https://tibet.net/34th-kalachakra-to-be-held-from-3-13-january-2017/ |access-date=21 Aug 2022 |website=[[Central Tibetan Administration]]}}</ref>

==Places of interest==
The main attractions of the Mane villages are trekking, views of the surrounding mountains and valleys, and the solitude of village life. Mane Yogma has a Buddhist [[Gompa]]. Due to the high altitude and the absence of artificial lights, the nights afford good views of the stars.<ref name="DoW"/>

Sopona Lake (formerly Yangcho Lake) is a {{cvt|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} hike up a stream from Mane Yogma. The lake, at an altitude of {{cvt|4080|m|ft|abbr=on}}, is located on the approximately {{cvt|18|km|mi|abbr=on}} trek up to the {{cvt|5,550|m|ft|abbr=on}} Manirang Pass. The route up to the pass is rated as easy. On the other side, a steep trail descends through the Ropa valley of Kinnaur. From Manirang Pass, mountaineers can attempt to climb the {{cvt|6,593|m|ft|abbr=on}} [[Manirang|Manirang Peak]], one of the highest mountains in Himachal Pradesh.<ref name="Kapadia99"/>

==Accommodation==
There are a few home stays and camp grounds in Mane Yogma.<ref name="DoW"/>

==Gallery==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="120">
File:Atergu Bridge NH-505 Spiti Jun18 DSC05344.jpg|Atergu bridge to Mane, on NH-505
File:Road Atergu Mane Spiti Jun18 DSC05353.jpg|Road from Spiti to Mane, ca. Jun '18
File:NH-505 Spiti Mane Himachal Jun18 DSC05359.jpg|Spiti River from Mane road
File:Mane Kogma Spiti Himachal Jun18 D72 6922.jpg|Mane Kogma houses and fields
File:Mane Kogma Landslide Danger Spiti Jun18 DSC05504.jpg|Mane Kogma in danger of landslides
File:Nullah Between Mane Villages Spiti Jun18 DSC05448.jpg|Nullah between the villages
File:Wild Roses Mane Spiti India Jun18 DSC05512.jpg|Wild roses in rocky terrain
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[Spiti Valley]]

==References==
{{Commons category}}
{{reflist}}

{{Himachal Pradesh}}
{{Lahaul and Spiti}}

[[Category:Villages in Lahaul and Spiti district]]

Mane villages, Spiti - Revision history

Floorsingurgaon: added new location