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{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Mandu
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Community development block
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Jharkhand#India3
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Jharkhand
| coordinates = {{coord|23.7942|N|85.4700|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Jharkhand]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of Jharkhand|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Ramgarh district|Ramgarh]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Federalism in India|Federal democracy]]
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 423.82
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 508
| population_total = 252,032
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]], [[Urdu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 825316
| area_code_type = Telephone/ [[Subscriber trunk dialling|STD]] code
| area_code = 06545
| registration_plate = JH
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Hazaribagh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hazaribagh]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Mandu (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Mandu]]
| website = {{URL|ramgarh.nic.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Mandu (community development block)''' is an administrative division in the [[Ramgarh subdivision]] of the [[Ramgarh district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Jharkhand]].

==Maoist activities==
Jharkhand is one of the states affected by [[Naxalite|Maoist]] activities. {{As of|2012}}, Ramgarh was not among the highly affected districts in the state.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/maoist/Assessment/2013/Jharkhand.htm |title = Jharkhand Assessment 2013 | publisher= Satp | access-date = 23 September 2017}}</ref> According to the Jharkhand Police spokesperson and Inspector General (IG) Saket Singh, as reported on December 8, 2020, “The activities of CPI-Maoist are now confined to small pockets in the state because of our efforts.” Civilian fatalities, a key index of security in a region, declined from 20 in 2019, to 8 in 2020, the lowest in this category since 2000, when there were 13 such fatalities. The 28 total fatalities recorded in 2020 are also the lowest overall fatalities recorded in the state in a year since 2000, when they stood at 36.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.indiablooms.com/news-details/O/68556/jharkhand-dying-embers.html | title= Jharkhand: Dying Embers |publisher= India Blooms| accessdate = 30 January 2021}}</ref>

==Geography==
[[Mandu, Jharkhand|Mandu]] is located at {{coord|23.7942|N|85.4700|E|}}. It has an average elevation of {{convert|508|m}}.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/38/Mandu.html | title = Mandu, India Page | access-date = 15 November 2015 | publisher = Fallingrain Genomics}}</ref>

A major portion of the district is a part of the [[Chota Nagpur Plateau#Damodar trough|Damodar trough]] on the [[Chota Nagpur Plateau]]. The [[Chota Nagpur Plateau#Ranchi Plateau|Ranchi Plateau]], the largest part of the Chotanagpur Plateau is on the south and the [[Chota Nagpur Plateau#Hazaribagh Plateau|Hazaribagh Plateau]] is on the north. The [[Damodar River|Damodar]] is the principal river of the district. The main tributaries of Damodar in the area are Naikari, Bhairavi/ Bhera and [[Bokaro River|Bokaro]]. The [[Subarnarekha River|Subarnarekha]] flows through the south-eastern part of the district. The [[Rajrappa]] falls and Naikari dam are important landmarks.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2016_PART_A_DCHB_RAMGARH.pdf |title = District Census Handbook, Ramgarh, Series 21, Part XII A| work= Pages 7-8: Physiography, Drainage|publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | accessdate = 28 January 2021}}</ref>

Mandu CD block is bounded by the [[Churchu (community development block)|Churchu]] and [[Tati Jhariya (community development block)|Tati Jhariya]] CD blocks in the Hazaribagh district on the north, the [[Gomia block|Gomia]] CD block in the Bokaro district on the east, the [[Ramgarh (community development block)|Ramgarh]] CD block on the south, and the [[Dadi (community development block)|Dadi]] CD block in the Hazaribagh district on the west.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/jharkhand/tehsil/ramgarh.html| title= CD block/tehsil map of Ramgarh |publisher= MapsofIndia| accessdate = 29 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/jharkhand/tehsil/hazaribagh.html | title= CD block/ tehsil map of Hazaribagh |publisher= Maps0fIndia| accessdate = 29 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/jharkhand/tehsil/bokaro.html| title= CD blocks/ tehsils ofBokaro |publisher= MapsofIndia | accessdate = 29 January 2021}}</ref>

Mandu CD block has an area of 423.82 km2.<ref name=census2011>{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2016_PART_B_DCHB_RAMGARH.pdf |title = District Census Handbook, Ramgarh, Series 21, Part XII B| work= Page 24: District primary census abstract, 2011 census |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | accessdate = 28 January 2021}}</ref> [[Mandu, Jharkhand#Police station|Mandu]] police station serves Mandu CD block.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://jhpolice.gov.in/ramgarh| title= District Police Profile - Ramgarh |publisher= Jharkhand Police| accessdate = 29 January 2021}}</ref> The headquarters of Mandu CD block is located at [[Mandu, Jharkhand|Mandu]] town.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2016_PART_B_DCHB_RAMGARH.pdf|title = District Census Handbook, Ramgarh, Series 21, Part XII B| work= Map of Ramgarh district on the third page |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | accessdate = 28 January 2021}}</ref>

==Demographics==
===Population===
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Mandu CD block had a total population of 253,032, of which 133,757 were rural and 119,275 were urban. There were 131,486 (52%) males and 121,546 (48%) females. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 36,312. [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes]] numbered 35,015 (13.84%) and [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribes]] numbered 51,493 (20.35%).<ref name=census2011/>

[[Mandu, Jharkhand|Mandu]], [[Taping, Ramgarh|Taping]], [[Barughutu]], [[Kedla]], [[Ara, Jharkhand|Ara]], [[Kuju, Ramgarh|Kuju]], [[Topa]], [[Orla, Jharkhand|Orla]], [[Sanri]] alias Tilaiya, [[Bongabar]] and [[Seota]] are [[census town]]s in the Mandu CD block.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-JK.html |title = 2011 Census C.D. Block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA) | work= Jharkhand – District-wise CD blocks|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 15 November 2015}}</ref>

===Literacy===
According to the 2011 census, the total number of literate persons in the Mandu CD block was 157,513 (72.68% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 92,295 (81.98% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 65,218 (62.62% of the female population over 6 years). The [[Literacy#Gender disparities|gender disparity]] (the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 19.36%.<ref name=census2011/>

See also – [[List of Jharkhand districts ranked by literacy rate]]
{{Literacy in CD Blocks of Ramgarh district|collapsible=y}}

==Language and religion==
Ramgarh district was carved out of Hazaribagh district in 2007. The mother-tongue data for Ramgarh district in 2001 is not available in the census handbook for 2011 census.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2016_PART_A_DCHB_RAMGARH.pdf |title = District Census Handbook, Ramgarh, Series 21, Part XII A| work= Pages 5, 29|publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | accessdate = 29 January 2021}}</ref>

[[Hindi]] is the official language in Jharkhand and [[Urdu]] has been declared as an additional official language.<ref name="langoff">{{cite web|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf |title=Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 50th report (July 2012 to June 2013) |pages= 35 |publisher=Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India |accessdate=3 October 2017 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708012438/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf |archivedate= 8 July 2016 }}</ref>

According to the ''District Census Handbook, Ramgarh, 2011 census,'' Hindus numbered 774,251 and formed 81.55% of the population of Chatra district, followed by Muslims 129,037 (13.59%), Christians 7,260 (0.76%), Sikhs 5,093 (0.54%), religion not stated 818 (0.09%), other religions 32,984 (3.47%).<ref>{{cite web| url= https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2016_PART_A_DCHB_RAMGARH.pdf|title = District Census Handbook Ramgarh, Series 20, Part XII A, 2011 census|work = page 29: Note on religion | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 29 January 2021}}</ref>

==Rural poverty==
Ramgarh district was carved out of Hazaribagh district in 2007. In 2004–2005, 40-50% of the population of Hazaribagh district were in the [[Below Poverty Line|BPL]] category, being in the same category as Godda, Giridih and Koderma districts.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/45258/1/MPRA_paper_45258.pdf | title = Rural Poverty in Jharkhad, India| work = Table I: Spatial Distribution of Poverty in Jharkhand | publisher = Munich Personal RePEc Archive | access-date = 25 January 2021}}</ref> Rural poverty in Jharkhand declined from 66% in 1993–94 to 46% in 2004–05. In 2011, it has come down to 39.1%.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://niti.gov.in/writereaddata/files/Jharkhand%20presentation.pdf | title = Eliminating poverty | publisher = Jharkhand government | access-date = 25 January 2021}}</ref>

==Economy==
===Livelihood===
{{Pie chart
|caption= '''Livelihood in Mandu CD block'''
|value1 = 22.43
|label1 = Cultivators
|value2 = 11.71
|label2 = Agricultural labourers
|value3 = 1.78
|label3 = Household industries
|value4 = 64.08
|label4 = Other Workers}}

In the Mandu CD block in 2011, among the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 17,177 and formed 22.43%, agricultural labourers numbered 8,969 and formed 11.71%, household industry workers numbered 1,366 and formed 1.78% and other workers numbered 49,074 and formed 64.08%. Total workers numbered 76,586 and formed 30.27% of the total population, and non-workers numbered 176,446 and formed 69.73% of the population.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2016_PART_A_DCHB_RAMGARH.pdf | title = District Census Handbook 2011 Ramgarh, Series 21, Part XII A| work = Tables 47 and 51, pages 48 and 51 | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand | accessdate = 30 January 2021}}</ref>

Note: In the census records a person is considered a cultivator, if the person is engaged in cultivation/ supervision of land owned. When a person who works on another person's land for wages in cash or kind or share, is regarded as an agricultural labourer. Household industry is defined as an industry conducted by one or more members of the family within the household or village, and one that does not qualify for registration as a factory under the [[Factories Act,1948, India|Factories Act]]. Other workers are persons engaged in some economic activity other than cultivators, agricultural labourers and household workers. It includes factory, mining, plantation, transport and office workers, those engaged in business and commerce, teachers, entertainment artistes and so on.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2016_PART_A_DCHB_RAMGARH.pdf| title= District Census Handbook 2011 Ramgarh, Series 21 Part XII A | work= Census Concepts, Pages 18-30 |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand| accessdate = 30 January 2021}}</ref>

===Infrastructure===
There are 70 inhabited villages in the Mandu CD block. In 2011, 62 villages had power supply. 8 villages had tap water (treated/ untreated), 70 villages had well water (covered/ uncovered), 66 villages had hand pumps, and all villages had drinking water facility. 9 villages had post offices, 7 villages had sub post offices, 9 villages had telephones (land lines), 31 villages had mobile phone coverage. 70 villages had pucca (paved) village roads, 22 villages had bus service (public/ private), 9 villages had [[Auto rickshaw|autos]]/ modified autos, 18 villages had taxi/vans and 28 villages had tractors. 8 villages had bank branches, 2 villages had agricultural credit societies, 4 villages had cinema/ video halls, 1 village had public library and public reading rooms. 23 villages had [[public distribution system]], 11 villages had weekly haat (market) and 35 villages had [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] [[Polling place|polling stations]].<ref>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2016_PART_A_DCHB_RAMGARH.pdf| title = District Census Handbook, Ramgarh, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A | work = Pages 196-97, Appendix I: Village Directory | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. | accessdate = 30 January 2021 }}</ref>

===Coal mining===
The projects of the [[Kuju Area]] of [[Central Coalfields]] are: Saruberia underground, Saruberia opencast, Ara open cast, Kuju underground, Topa underground, Topa open cast, Pindra underground, Pindra open cast, Pundi open cast, Karma opencast. The area office is at Hesagarha, [[Kuju, Ramgarh|Kuju]] 825316.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.centralcoalfields.in/areas/kuju.php | title= Central Coalfields Limited| work= Areas - Kuju |publisher= CCL| accessdate = 25 December 2020}}</ref>

The projects of the [[Hazaribagh Area]] of [[Central Coalfields]] are: Parej East [[Open-pit mining|Open Cast]], Kedla underground, Kedla opencast, Tapin opencast, Jharkhand opencast, Kedla Washery and Regional R/Workshop. The area office is at [[Charhi]], PO Charhi 825336.<ref>{{cite web| url =https://www.centralcoalfields.in/areas/hzrbg.php | title= Central Coalfields Limited| work= Areas - Hazaribagh |publisher= CCL| accessdate = 25 December 2020}}</ref>

[[Tata Steel]] owns and operates the West Bokaro colliery and Ghatotand Washery.<ref>{{cite web| url =https://www.tatasteel.com/corporate/our-value-chain/sustainable-mining/# | title= Sustainable mining |publisher= Tata Steel | accessdate = 30 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://eprints.nmlindia.org/4403/1/169-174.PDF | title= Some aspects of coal floatation at washeries of Tata Steel |publisher= | accessdate = 30 January 2021}}</ref>

==Transport==
{{Koderma-Hazaribagh-Barkakana-Ranchi line|collapse=y}}
The [[Koderma–Hazaribagh–Barkakana–Ranchi line]] line passes though this block and there are stations at Kuju and Mandu.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://indiarailinfo.com/train/timetable/koderma-barkakana-passenger-53371/30224/1428/10614 | title= 73371 => 53371 Koderma-Barkakhana Passenger | work= Time Table |publisher= Indiarailinfo| accessdate = 31 January 2021}}</ref>

==Education==
Mandu CD block had 25 villages with pre-primary schools, 65 villages with primary schools, 32 villages with middle schools, 16 villages with secondary schools, 8 villages with senior secondary schools.<ref name=directory>{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2016_PART_A_DCHB_RAMGARH.pdf | title= District Census Handbook Ramgarh, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A | work= Page 195 |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand| access-date = 30 January 2021}}</ref>
 .*Senior secondary schools are also known as Inter colleges in Jharkhand

==Healthcare==
Mandu CD block had 3 villages with [[Primary Health Centre (India)|primary health centres]], 15 villages with primary health subcentres, 5 villages with maternity and child welfare centres, 3 villages with allopathic hospitals, 1 village with dispensary, x village with veterinary hospital, 1 village with family welfare centre, 8 villages with medicine shops.<ref name=directory/>
 .*Private medical practitioners, alternative medicine etc. not included

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{North Chotanagpur Division topics}}

[[Category:Community development blocks in Ramgarh district]]

Mandu (community development block) - Revision history

->Strickesel: Fixed missing spaces found by Wikipedia:Typo Team/moss – you can help!