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{{About|the community development block in Jharkhand, India|its namesake village|Mandro Damin Bazar}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Mandro
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Community development block
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Jharkhand#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Jharkhand, India
| coordinates = {{coord|25|8|37|N|87|29|55|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Jharkhand]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[districts of Jharkhand|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Sahebganj district|Sahibganj]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Federalism in India|Federal democracy]]
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 182.24
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 38
| population_total = 75,659
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| leader_title1 =
| leader_name1 =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]], [[Urdu language|Urdu]]
| demographics_type2 = Literacy (2011)
| demographics2_title2 = Total literates
| demographics2_info2 = 28,361 (46.03%)
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code =
| area_code_type = Telephone/STD code
| area_code = 06436
| registration_plate = JH 18
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Rajmahal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rajmahal]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Rajmahal (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Rajmahal]]
| website = {{URL|sahibganj.nic.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Mandro''' is a [[Community development block in India|community development block]] that forms an administrative division in the [[Sahibganj subdivision]] of the [[Sahibganj district]], [[Jharkhand]] [[States and territories of India|state]], [[India]].

==Geography==
Mandro, the eponymous CD block headquarters, is located at {{coord|25|8|37|N|87|29|55|E}}.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://wikimapia.org/25325119/Mandro | title= Mandro | work= Jharkhand| publisher= Wikimapia | accessdate = 12 January 2016}}</ref>

It is located 18 km from [[Sahebganj|Sahibganj]], the district headquarters.

Sahebganj district may be divided into three natural divisions – (i) the hilly portion stretching from the Ganges on the north to the borders of West Bengal on the south, (ii) the uplands, undulations, long ridges and depressions, with fertile lands, and (iii) the low fertile alluvial plains lying between the hills and the Ganges, with the [[Sahibganj loop]] line passing through the narrow strip.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2007_PART_A_DCHB_SAHIBGANJ.pdf|title = District Census Handbook, Sahibganj, Series 21, Part XII A| work= Page 13: Physical aspects, 2011 census |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | accessdate = 14 November 2020}}</ref> Three rivers flowing through this region – the [[Ganges]], Gumani and [[Bansloi River|Bansloi]] – make the plains rich and cultivable.<ref name=admin2>{{cite web | url = http://sahibganj.nic.in/en/profile.html | title = District Profile – Physical Aspects | work = Jharkhand | publisher = Sahibganj district administration | accessdate = 14 November 2020 | url-status = dead | archiveurl =https://web.archive.org/web/20160304095412/http://sahibganj.nic.in/en/profile.html | archivedate = 4 March 2016 }}</ref>

Mandro CD block is bounded by [[Sahibganj (community development block)|Sahibganj]] CD block on the north, [[Borio (community development block)|Borio]] CD block on the east, [[Boarijore]] CD block in Godda district on the south, [[Thakurgangti]] CD block in Godda district and Sonhaula and Colgong CD blocks in Bhagalpur district of Bihar on the west.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/jharkhand/tehsil/sahibganj.html | title = CD block/ tehsil map of Sahibganj | publisher = Maps of Inda | accessdate = 14 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/jharkhand/tehsil/godda.html | title = CD block/ tehsil map of Godda | publisher = Maps of India | accessdate = 14 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/bihar/tehsil/bhagalpur.html | title = CD block/ tehsil map of Bhagalpur | publisher = Maps of India | accessdate = 14 November 2020}}</ref>

Mandro CD block has an area of 182.24 km2.<ref name=census2011>{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2007_PART_B_DCHB_SAHIBGANJ.pdf |title = District Census Handbook, Sahibganj, Series 21, Part XII B| work= Page 25: District primary census abstract, 2011 census |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | accessdate = 14 November 2020}}</ref>[[Mirzachauki]] police station serves this block.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://jhpolice.gov.in/sahibganj | title = District Police Profile - Sahibganj| publisher = Jharkhand Police| accessdate = 14 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://sahibganj.nic.in/police/ | title = Police | publisher = Government of Jharkhand | accessdate = 14 November 2020}}</ref> Headquarters of this CD block is at [[Mandro Damin Bazar|Mandro]] village.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2007_PART_B_DCHB_SAHIBGANJ.pdf |title = District Census Handbook, Sahibganj, Series 21, Part XII B| work= Map of Sahibganj on the third page|publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | accessdate = 14 November 2020}}</ref>

Mandro CD block has 228 gram panchayats, 179 inhabited (chiragi) and 49 uninhabited (bechiragi) villages.<ref name=admin1>{{cite web| url= http://sahibganj.nic.in/en/profile.html| title= District Profile – Physical Aspects| work= Jharkhand| publisher= Sahibganj district administration| accessdate= 12 January 2016| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160304095412/http://sahibganj.nic.in/en/profile.html| archive-date= 4 March 2016| url-status= dead}}</ref>

==Demographics==

===Population===
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Mandro CD block had a total population of 75,659, all of which were rural. There were 38,114 (50%) males and 37,545 (50%) females. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 14,042. [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes]] numbered 3,140 (4.15%) and [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribes]] numbered 41,176 (54.42%).<ref name=census2011/>

Mandro Damin Bazar had a population of 1,178 in 2011.<ref name=census2>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-JK.html |title = 2011 Census C.D. Block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA) | work= Jharkhand – District-wise CD Blocks|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | accessdate = 12 January 2016}}</ref>

===Literacy===
According to the 2011 census, the total number of literate persons in Mandro CD block was 28,361 (46.03% of the population over 6 years) out of which 17,373 (61%) were males and 10,988 (39%) were females. The [[Literacy#Gender disparities|gender disparity]] (the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 22%.<ref name=census2/>

See also – [[List of Jharkhand districts ranked by literacy rate]]
{{Literacy in CD Blocks of Sahibganj district|collapsible=y}}

===Language and religion===
According to the ''District Census Handbook, Sahibganj, 2011 census,'' as of 2001, [[Hindi]] was the mother-tongue of 336,588 persons forming 36.28% of the population of Sahibganj district, followed by [[Santali language|Santali]] 225,770 persons (24.33%), [[Bengali language|Bengali]] 223,775 persons (24.12%) and other languages (with no details) 141,637 perons (15.27%). (In the Census Handbook of Sahibganj district, the mother-tongue information is mentioned as that of Giridih district – it is hoped that it is a printing mistake).<ref>{{cite web| url= https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2007_PART_A_DCHB_SAHIBGANJ.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Sahibganj, Series 20, Part XII A, 2011 census|work = page 31: Note on mother tongue of earlier census| publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 14 November 2020}}</ref>

[[Hindi]] is the official language in Jharkhand and [[Urdu language|Urdu]] has been declared as an additional official language.<ref name="langoff">{{cite web|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf |title=Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 50th report (July 2012 to June 2013) |pages= 35 |publisher=Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India |accessdate=3 October 2017 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708012438/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf |archivedate= 8 July 2016 }}</ref>

According to the ''District Census Handbook, Sahibganj, 2011 census,'' [[Hindus]] numbered 628,044 and formed 54.59% of the population of Sahibganj district, followed by [[Muslims]] 398,243 (34.61%), [[Christians]] 83,208 (7.23%), other religions 38,994 (3.39%), religion not stated 2,078 (0.18%).<ref>{{cite web| url= https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2007_PART_A_DCHB_SAHIBGANJ.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Sahibganj, Series 20, Part XII A, 2011 census|work = page 31: Note on religion data of Sahibganj district during census 2011| publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 14 November 2020}}</ref>

==Rural poverty==
50-60% of the population of Sahibganj district were in the [[Below Poverty Line|BPL]] category in 2004–2005, being in the same category as Pakur, Deoghar and Garhwa districts.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/45258/1/MPRA_paper_45258.pdf | title = Rural Poverty in Jharkhad, India| work = Table I: Spatial Distribution of Poverty in Jharkhand | publisher = Munich Personal RePEc Archive | accessdate = 1 November 2020}}</ref>"Based on the number of the total rural households in Census 2011 and BPL Revision Survey of 2010-11 the percentage of BPL households in rural areas is 86.03 percent."<ref>{{cite web | url = https://sahibganj.nic.in/profile/ | title = Sahibganj | work = District Profile | publisher = Jharkhand Government | accessdate = 22 October 2020}}</ref> [[Rural poverty]] in Jharkhand declined from 66% in 1993–94 to 46% in 2004–05. In 2011, it has come down to 39.1%.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://niti.gov.in/writereaddata/files/Jharkhand%20presentation.pdf | title = Eliminating poverty | publisher = Jharkhand government | accessdate = 1 November 2020}}</ref>

==Economy==
===Livelihood===
{{Pie chart
|caption= '''Livelihood in Mandro CD block'''
|value1 = 27.16
|label1 = Cultivators
|value2 = 36.68
|label2 = Agricultural labourers
|value3 = 9.30
|label3 = Household industries
|value4 = 26.86
|label4 = Other Workers}}

In Mandro CD block in 2011, amongst the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 9,427 and formed 27.16%, agricultural labourers numbered 12,732 and formed 36.68%, household industry workers numbered 3,227 and formed 9.30% and other workers numbered 9,324 and formed 26.86%. Total workers numbered 34,710 and formed 45.88% of the total population. Non-workers numbered 40,949 and formed 54.12% of total population.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2007_PART_A_DCHB_SAHIBGANJ.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Sahibganj | work = Tables 34, 30 Series 21, Part XII A, 2011 census| publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand | accessdate = 14 November 2020 }}</ref>

Note: In the census records a person is considered a cultivator, if the person is engaged in cultivation/ supervision of land owned. When a person who works on another person's land for wages in cash or kind or share, is regarded as an agricultural labourer. Household industry is defined as an industry conducted by one or more members of the family within the household or village, and one that does not qualify for registration as a factory under the Factories Act. Other workers are persons engaged in some economic activity other than cultivators, agricultural labourers and household workers. It includes factory, mining, plantation, transport and office workers, those engaged in business and commerce, teachers and entertainment artistes.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2007_PART_A_DCHB_SAHIBGANJ.pdf | title= District Census Handbook 2011 Sahibganj, Series 21 Part XII A | work= Page 16: Census Concepts |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand| accessdate = 14 November 2020}}</ref>

===Infrastructure===
There are 184 inhabited villages in Mandro CD block. In 2011, 14 villages had power supply. 13 villages had tap water (treated/ untreated), 167 villages had well water (covered/ uncovered), 55 villages had hand pumps, and all villages had drinking water facility. 3 village had post offices, 5 villages had sub post offices, 4 villages had telephones (land lines), 3 villages had public call offices and 22 villages had mobile phone coverage. 152 villages had pucca (paved) roads, 7 villages had bus service (private/public), 2 villages had auto/ modified auto, 4 villages had taxis/ vans, 38 villages had tractors, 3 villages had navigable waterways. 9 villages had bank branches, 1 village had [[Automated teller machine|ATMs]], 4 villages had agricultural credit societies, 4 village had cinema/ video hall, 1 village had public library and public reading room. 29 villages had [[public distribution system]], 9 villages had weekly haat (market) and 40 villages had [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] [[Polling place|polling stations]].<ref name=directory>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2007_PART_A_DCHB_SAHIBGANJ.pdf| title = District Census Handbook, Sahibganj, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A | work = Pages 811-814 Appendix I: Village Directory | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. | accessdate = 14 November 2020}}</ref>

===Agriculture===
A large part of Sahibganj district is hilly and most of the thick forests are gone. Some of the plains are cultivable.<ref name=admin1/><ref name=admin2/> The livelihood scenario presented above indicates that a large population depends on agriculture. In Mandro CD block 57.46% of the total area is cultivable area and 13.58% of the cultivable area is irrigated area.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2007_PART_A_DCHB_SAHIBGANJ.pdf| title = District Census Handbook, Sahibganj, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A | work = Table 41: Distribution of villages according to land use, 2011 | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. | accessdate = 14 November 2020}}</ref>

===Backward Regions Grant Fund===
Sahibganj district is listed as a backward region and receives financial support from the [[Backward Regions Grant Fund]]. The fund created by the Government of India is designed to redress regional imbalances in development. As of 2012, 272 districts across the country were listed under this scheme. The list includes 21 districts of Jharkhand.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.panchayat.gov.in/documents/10198/0/BRGFFINALGUIDELINES.pdf | title = Backward Regions Grant Funds: Programme Guidelines | publisher = Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Government of India | accessdate = 14 November 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171030225317/http://www.panchayat.gov.in/documents/10198/0/BRGFFINALGUIDELINES.pdf | archive-date = 30 October 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=84879 | title= Backward Regions Grant Fund| work= Press Release, 14 June 2012 |publisher= Press Information Bureau, Government of India | accessdate = 14 November 2020}}</ref>

==Tourism==
[[Teliagarhi]] is a hill pass, with the ruins of a fort, that was known as the gateway of Bengal, and played an important part in history.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://sahibganj.nic.in/history/ | title = History | publisher = Sahibganj district authorities | accessdate = 25 November 2020}}</ref>

==Education==
Mandro CD block had 58 villages with pre-primary schools, 116 villages with primary schools, 42 villages with middle schools, 4 villages with secondary schools, 67 villages with no educational facility.<ref name=directory/>

==Healthcare==
Mandro CD block had 7 villages with [[Primary Health Centre (India)|primary health centres]], 23 villages with primary health subcentres, 3 village with maternity and child welfare centre, 1 village with TB clinic, 2 villages with allopathic hospitals, 3 villages with dispensaries, 1 village with veterinary hospital, 3 villages with family welfare centres, 25 villages with medicine shops.<ref name=directory/>
 .*Private medical practitioners, alternative medicine etc. not included

==References==
{{Reflist|3}}

{{Santhal Pargana Division topics}}

[[Category:Community development blocks in Sahibganj district]]

Mandro - Revision history

->Sadads: link Rural poverty using Find link