Mandovi River - Revision history

Joydeb Sarkar2003: rework references

2026-03-19T10:43:54Z

rework references

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:13, 19 March 2026
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	{{Short description\|River in southwest India}}		{{Short description\|River in southwest India}}
			{{Use Indian English\|date=August 2015}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=August 2015}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=August 2015}}
	~~{{Use Indian English\|date=August 2015}}~~
	{{More citations needed\|date=July 2015}}		{{More citations needed\|date=July 2015}}

	{{Infobox river		{{Infobox river
	\| name = Mandovi River~~/Mahadayi~~		\| name = Mandovi River
	\| ~~name_native =~~		\|
	~~\| name_native_lang =~~		\| name_other =
	\| name_other = ~~mahadayi~~
	\| name_etymology =		\| name_etymology =
	<!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP -->		<!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP -->
	\| image = ~~Goa_Mandovi_Bridge_view_from_Ribandar~~.~~JPG~~		\| image = Panaji, Goa, India, Sunset, Mandovi River.jpg
	\| image_size =		\| image_size =
	\| image_caption = [[Mandovi ~~Bridge]] view from Ribandar~~		\| image_caption = Mandovi River in 2007
	\| map =		\| map =
	\| map_size =		\| map_size =
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	\| subdivision_name1 = [[India]]		\| subdivision_name1 = [[India]]
	\| subdivision_type2 = State		\| subdivision_type2 = State
	\| subdivision_name2 = ~~Karnataka ,~~Goa ~~& Maharashtra~~		\| subdivision_name2 = Goa
	\| subdivision_type3 =		\| subdivision_type3 =
	\| subdivision_name3 =		\| subdivision_name3 =
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	\| subdivision_name5 =		\| subdivision_name5 =
	<!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS -->		<!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS -->
	\| length = {{convert\|81\|km\|mi\|abbr=on}}		\| length = {{convert\|81\|km\|mi\|0\|abbr=on}}
	\| width_min =		\| width_min =
	\| width_avg =		\| width_avg =
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	\| discharge1_location=		\| discharge1_location=
	\| discharge1_min =		\| discharge1_min =
	\| discharge1_avg = {{convert\|200\|m3/s\|cuft/s\|abbr=on}}		\| discharge1_avg = {{convert\|200\|m3/s\|cuft/s\|0\|abbr=on}}
	\| discharge1_max =		\| discharge1_max =
	<!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES -->		<!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES -->
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	\| extra =		\| extra =
	}}		}}
	~~[[File:Mandovi River view on cloudy day in winter, Goa, India.JPG\|thumb\|Mandovi River view on cloudy day in winter, Goa, India]]~~

	The '''~~Mahadayi/~~Mandovi ~~River~~''' (''~~Mandovi~~''~~, pronounced~~ {{IPA~~-kok~~\|~~maːɳɖ(ɔ)wĩː~~\|}}), ~~also~~ known as '''~~Mahadayi~~''' ~~or '''Mhadei''' river~~, is described as the lifeline of the [[India]]n state of [[Goa]]. The Mandovi and the [[Zuari]] are the two ~~primary~~ rivers in the state of Goa. Mandovi joins ~~with~~ the Zuari at a common [[Creek (tidal)\|creek]] at Cabo Aguada, forming the [[Mormugao]] harbour. [[Panaji]], the state capital and [[Old Goa]], the former capital of Goa, are both situated on the left bank of the Mandovi.		The '''Mandovi''' (<small>[[International Phonetic Alphabet\|IPA]]</small>: {{IPA\|kok\|maːɳɖɔwĩː}}) or '''Mahadayi''' (<small>[[International Phonetic Alphabet\|IPA]]</small>: {{IPA\|kn\|məɦəd̪ɑːji}}), formerly known as the '''Rio de Goa''',<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Mappa do territorio portuguez de Goa : mostrando também os princiapes lugares da Sattari\|url=https://bdlb.bn.gov.br/acervo/handle/20.500.12156.3/47054}}</ref> is a [[river]] described as the lifeline of the [[India]]n state of [[Goa]]. The Mandovi and the [[Zuari River\|Zuari]] are the two principal rivers in the state of Goa. The Mandovi joins the Zuari at a common [[Creek (tidal)\|creek]] at Cabo Aguada, forming the [[Mormugao]] harbour. [[Panaji]], the state capital, and [[Old Goa]], the former [[Capital city\|capital]] of Goa, are both situated on the left bank of the Mandovi.

	==River course==		==River course==
	The river has a total length of {{convert\|81\|km\|abbr=off}}; {{convert\|35\|km\|abbr=off}} in [[~~Karnataka~~]], {{convert\|1\|km\|abbr=off}} in ~~Maharashtra~~ and {{convert\|45\|km\|abbr=off}} in Goa. It originates from a cluster of 30 springs at [[Bhimgad Wildlife Sanctuary\|Bhimgad]] in the [[Western Ghats]] ~~in the~~ [[Belagavi]] ~~district of~~ Karnataka.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.india9.com/i9show/Mahadayi-River-52126.htm\|title=Mahadayi River\|publisher=India9.com\|access-date=16 December 2014}}</ref> The river has total 2,032 km<sup>2</sup> catchment area of which 1,580 km<sup>2</sup>, 375 km<sup>2</sup> and 77 km<sup>2</sup> catchment area are in Goa, Karnataka and Maharashtra respectively.<ref name=mah/><ref>{{cite web\|title=Turmoil over Mhadei River\|url=http://www.daijiworld.com/news/news_disp.asp?n_id=30865&n_tit=Turmoil+over+Mhadei+River+-++Spot+Report+by+Daijiworld+Correspondent\|publisher=Daijiworld\|access-date=27 July 2013}}</ref> With its cerulean waters, [[Dudhsagar Falls]] and [[Varapoha Falls]], it is also known as the Gomati in a few places.		[[File:Mandovi River view on cloudy day in winter, Goa, India.JPG\|thumb\|Mandovi River view on cloudy day in winter]]
			The river has a total length of {{convert\|81\|km\|abbr=off}}—{{convert\|1\|km\|abbr=off}} in [[Maharashtra]], {{convert\|35\|km\|abbr=off}} in [[Karnataka]], and {{convert\|45\|km\|abbr=off}} in Goa. It originates from a cluster of 30 springs at [[Bhimgad Wildlife Sanctuary\|Bhimgad]] in the [[Western Ghats]] of [[Belagavi district\|Belgavi district]] in Karnataka state.<ref>
			{{cite web
			\|url=http://www.india9.com/i9show/Mahadayi-River-52126.htm\|title=Mahadayi River\|publisher=India9.com\|access-date=16 December 2014}}</ref> The river has total 2,032 km<sup>2</sup> catchment area of which 1,580 km<sup>2</sup>, 375 km<sup>2</sup> and 77 km<sup>2</sup> catchment area are in Goa, Karnataka and Maharashtra respectively.<ref name=mah/><ref>{{cite web\|title=Turmoil over Mhadei River\|url=http://www.daijiworld.com/news/news_disp.asp?n_id=30865&n_tit=Turmoil+over+Mhadei+River+-++Spot+Report+by+Daijiworld+Correspondent\|publisher=Daijiworld\|access-date=27 July 2013}}</ref> With its cerulean waters, [[Dudhsagar Falls]] and [[Varapoha Falls]], it is also known as the Gomati in a few places.

	The Mandovi enters Goa from the north via the Sattari Taluka and from [[Uttara Kannada]] District of Karnataka near the Castle Rock ~~Rly. Stn~~. The Mandovi flows through [[Belagavi]], [[Uttara Kannada]] in Karnataka and [[Cumbarjua]], Divar and Chorão in Goa, eventually pouring into the [[Arabian Sea]]. The tributaries of Mandovi or Mhadei include [[Nerul River]], [[St Inez Creek]], [[Rio de Ourém]], [[Mapusa River]], [[Valvanti River]], [[Udnai River]], [[Dudhsagar River]], [[Ragada River]] and [[Kotrachi Nadi]].		The Mandovi enters Goa from the north via the Sattari Taluka and from [[Uttara Kannada]] District of Karnataka near the [[Castle Rock railway station, Karnataka\|Castle Rock railway station]]. The Mandovi flows through [[Belagavi]], [[Uttara Kannada]] in Karnataka and [[Cumbarjua]], Divar and Chorão in Goa, eventually pouring into the [[Arabian Sea]]. The tributaries of Mandovi or Mhadei include [[Nerul River]], [[St Inez Creek]], [[Rio de Ourém]], [[Mapusa River]], [[Valvanti River]], [[Udnai River]], [[Dudhsagar River]], [[Ragada River]] and [[Kotrachi Nadi]].

	The [[Cumbarjua Canal]], which links both rivers, has made the interiors of the Mandovi accessible to ships carrying [[iron ore]]. [[Iron ore]] is Goa's prime mineral and it is mined in the eastern hills. Three large freshwater isles — [[Divar]], [[Chorão (island)\|Chorão]] and [[Vanxim]] are present in the Mandovi near the town of Old Goa. The island of Chorão is home to the [[Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary]], named after the renowned ornithologist [[Salim Ali]]. A regular ferry transports the inhabitants between the isles and the mainland.		The [[Cumbarjua Canal]], which links both rivers, has made the interiors of the Mandovi accessible to ships carrying [[iron ore]]. [[Iron ore]] is Goa's prime mineral and it is mined in the eastern hills. Three large freshwater isles — [[Divar]], [[Chorão (island)\|Chorão]] and [[Vanxim]] are present in the Mandovi near the town of Old Goa. The island of Chorão is home to the [[Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary]], named after the renowned ornithologist [[Salim Ali]]. A regular ferry transports the inhabitants between the isles and the mainland.

	==Bridges==		==Bridges==
	Spanning across the Mandovi River near [[Panjim]] are three parallel [[Mandovi Bridge(Goa)\|Mandovi Bridge]]s. The older bridge collapsed in the 1980s before a new bridge was constructed to accommodate heavy transport vehicles. The Mandovi Bridge links the towns of [[Panjim]] to [[Porvorim]]. On 14 June 2014, the foundation stone for the third bridge, which is the largest bridge in Goa, was laid by Prime Minister Narendra Modi. It will span {{convert\|5\|km\|abbr=off}} and will be {{convert\|15\|m\|abbr=off}} higher than the existing bridges and will be spaced in between the two. The 3rd Mandovi bridge is ~~name~~ Atal Setu after former Prime Minister of India Atal Bihari Vajpayee. The bridge was inaugurated on 27 January 2019 ~~at the hands of~~ Union Roads Minister Nitin Gadkari, Goa CM Manohar Parrikar.		Spanning across the Mandovi River near [[Panjim]] are three parallel [[Mandovi Bridge(Goa)\|Mandovi Bridge]]s. The older bridge collapsed in the 1980s before a new bridge was constructed to accommodate heavy transport vehicles. The Mandovi Bridge links the towns of [[Panjim]] to [[Porvorim]]. On 14 June 2014, the foundation stone for the third bridge, which is the largest bridge in Goa, was laid by Prime Minister Narendra Modi. It will span {{convert\|5\|km\|abbr=off}} and will be {{convert\|15\|m\|abbr=off}} higher than the existing bridges and will be spaced in between the two. The 3rd Mandovi bridge is named Atal Setu after former Prime Minister of India Atal Bihari Vajpayee. The bridge was inaugurated on 27 January 2019 by Union Roads Minister Nitin Gadkari, Goa CM Manohar Parrikar.

	During the winter months, the peak tourist season, ~~special~~ dusk cruises on the Mandovi ~~- complete with serenading bands - add to the charm of the river~~.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.navhindtimes.com/story.php?story=2008100545\|title=Oh!Mandovi\|publisher=[[Navhind Times]]\|access-date=2008-10-16}}</ref>		During the winter months, the peak tourist season, dusk cruises on the Mandovi operate.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.navhindtimes.com/story.php?story=2008100545\|title=Oh!Mandovi\|publisher=[[Navhind Times]]\|access-date=2008-10-16}}</ref>

	==Interstate water sharing==		==Interstate water sharing==
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	[[Category:Geography of Belagavi district]]		[[Category:Geography of Belagavi district]]
	[[Category:Geography of Uttara Kannada district]]		[[Category:Geography of Uttara Kannada district]]
	~~[[Category:Rivers of India]]~~

imported>JJMC89 bot III: Moving :Category:Geography of Belgaum district to :Category:Geography of Belagavi district per Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Speedy

2021-08-12T06:02:40Z

Moving Category:Geography of Belgaum district to Category:Geography of Belagavi district per Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Speedy

New page

{{Short description|River in southwest India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2015}}
{{More citations needed|date=July 2015}}
{{Infobox river
| name = Mandovi River/Mahadayi
| name_native =
| name_native_lang =
| name_other = mahadayi
| name_etymology =

| image = Goa_Mandovi_Bridge_view_from_Ribandar.JPG
| image_size =
| image_caption = [[Mandovi Bridge]] view from Ribandar
| map =
| map_size =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Goa
| pushpin_map_size =
| pushpin_map_caption= Location in Goa

| subdivision_type1 = Country
| subdivision_name1 = [[India]]
| subdivision_type2 = State
| subdivision_name2 = Karnataka ,Goa & Maharashtra
| subdivision_type3 =
| subdivision_name3 =
| subdivision_type4 =
| subdivision_name4 =
| subdivision_type5 =
| subdivision_name5 =

| length = {{convert|81|km|mi|abbr=on}}
| width_min =
| width_avg =
| width_max =
| depth_min =
| depth_avg =
| depth_max =
| discharge1_location=
| discharge1_min =
| discharge1_avg = {{convert|200|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}
| discharge1_max =

| source1 = [[Bhimgad Wildlife Sanctuary|Bhimgad]]
| source1_location = [[Karnataka]], [[India]]
| source1_coordinates=
| source1_elevation =
| mouth =
| mouth_location = Arabian Sea, [[India]]
| mouth_coordinates = {{coord|15|29|38|N|73|48|40|E|type:river_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| mouth_elevation =
| progression =
| river_system =
| basin_size =
| tributaries_left =
| tributaries_right =
| custom_label =
| custom_data =
| extra =
}}
[[File:Mandovi River view on cloudy day in winter, Goa, India.JPG|thumb|Mandovi River view on cloudy day in winter, Goa, India]]

The '''Mahadayi/Mandovi River''' (''Mandovi'', pronounced {{IPA-kok|maːɳɖ(ɔ)wĩː|}}), also known as '''Mahadayi''' or '''Mhadei''' river, is described as the lifeline of the [[India]]n state of [[Goa]]. The Mandovi and the [[Zuari]] are the two primary rivers in the state of Goa. Mandovi joins with the Zuari at a common [[Creek (tidal)|creek]] at Cabo Aguada, forming the [[Mormugao]] harbour. [[Panaji]], the state capital and [[Old Goa]], the former capital of Goa, are both situated on the left bank of the Mandovi.

==River course==
The river has a total length of {{convert|81|km|abbr=off}}; {{convert|35|km|abbr=off}} in [[Karnataka]], {{convert|1|km|abbr=off}} in Maharashtra and {{convert|45|km|abbr=off}} in Goa. It originates from a cluster of 30 springs at [[Bhimgad Wildlife Sanctuary|Bhimgad]] in the [[Western Ghats]] in the [[Belagavi]] district of Karnataka.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.india9.com/i9show/Mahadayi-River-52126.htm|title=Mahadayi River|publisher=India9.com|access-date=16 December 2014}}</ref> The river has total 2,032 km2 catchment area of which 1,580 km2, 375 km2 and 77 km2 catchment area are in Goa, Karnataka and Maharashtra respectively.<ref name=mah/><ref>{{cite web|title=Turmoil over Mhadei River|url=http://www.daijiworld.com/news/news_disp.asp?n_id=30865&n_tit=Turmoil+over+Mhadei+River+-++Spot+Report+by+Daijiworld+Correspondent|publisher=Daijiworld|access-date=27 July 2013}}</ref> With its cerulean waters, [[Dudhsagar Falls]] and [[Varapoha Falls]], it is also known as the Gomati in a few places.

The Mandovi enters Goa from the north via the Sattari Taluka and from [[Uttara Kannada]] District of Karnataka near the Castle Rock Rly. Stn. The Mandovi flows through [[Belagavi]], [[Uttara Kannada]] in Karnataka and [[Cumbarjua]], Divar and Chorão in Goa, eventually pouring into the [[Arabian Sea]]. The tributaries of Mandovi or Mhadei include [[Nerul River]], [[St Inez Creek]], [[Rio de Ourém]], [[Mapusa River]], [[Valvanti River]], [[Udnai River]], [[Dudhsagar River]], [[Ragada River]] and [[Kotrachi Nadi]].

The [[Cumbarjua Canal]], which links both rivers, has made the interiors of the Mandovi accessible to ships carrying [[iron ore]]. [[Iron ore]] is Goa's prime mineral and it is mined in the eastern hills. Three large freshwater isles — [[Divar]], [[Chorão (island)|Chorão]] and [[Vanxim]] are present in the Mandovi near the town of Old Goa. The island of Chorão is home to the [[Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary]], named after the renowned ornithologist [[Salim Ali]]. A regular ferry transports the inhabitants between the isles and the mainland.

==Bridges==
Spanning across the Mandovi River near [[Panjim]] are three parallel [[Mandovi Bridge(Goa)|Mandovi Bridge]]s. The older bridge collapsed in the 1980s before a new bridge was constructed to accommodate heavy transport vehicles. The Mandovi Bridge links the towns of [[Panjim]] to [[Porvorim]]. On 14 June 2014, the foundation stone for the third bridge, which is the largest bridge in Goa, was laid by Prime Minister Narendra Modi. It will span {{convert|5|km|abbr=off}} and will be {{convert|15|m|abbr=off}} higher than the existing bridges and will be spaced in between the two. The 3rd Mandovi bridge is name Atal Setu after former Prime Minister of India Atal Bihari Vajpayee. The bridge was inaugurated on 27 January 2019 at the hands of Union Roads Minister Nitin Gadkari, Goa CM Manohar Parrikar.

During the winter months, the peak tourist season, special dusk cruises on the Mandovi - complete with serenading bands - add to the charm of the river.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.navhindtimes.com/story.php?story=2008100545|title=Oh!Mandovi|publisher=[[Navhind Times]]|access-date=2008-10-16}}</ref>

==Interstate water sharing==
The sharing of the waters of this river is a cause of dispute between the governments of Karnataka and Goa. The Karnataka government proposes to divert some water from the Mahadayi river to the [[Malaprabha River]] basin as part of [[the Kalasa-Banduri Nala project]], as approximately 188 [[tmcft]] of water at 75% dependability is available in the river. [[Mahadayi Water Disputes Tribunal]] under [[Interstate River Water Disputes Act]] has been constituted to decide the sharing of the river waters by the riparian states. In August 2018, Mahadayi Water Tribunal verdict permitted Goa to use 24 tmcft (excluding the 9.395 tmcft prevailing uses), Karnataka to use 13.42 tmcft of which 5.5 tmcft is meant for use within the river basin and for diversion to the Malaprabha reservoir, and around 8 tmcft for power generation (including 3.9 tmcft for export outside the basin) and Maharashtra to use 1.33 tmcft for consumptive purposes.<ref name=mah>{{cite web|url=http://mowr.gov.in/acts-tribunals/current-inter-state-river-water-disputes-tribunals/mahadayimandovi-river|title=Mahadayi water dispute tribunal report (pages 2693 to 2706, Volume XII)|access-date=17 August 2018}}</ref> The tribunal assessed the water generated in the river catchment area of Karnataka and Maharashtra as 32.11 tmcft and 7.21 tmcft respectively at 75% dependability. The tribunal has apportioned only 40.125 tmcft of Mandovi river water for consumptive uses among the three riparian states.<ref name=mah/> Karnataka approached the Supreme Court alleging injustice is done in allocation of water to the state.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/mahadayi-row-karnataka-petitions-sc-challenging-tribunal-decision-water-allocation-91461|title=Mahadayi row: Karnataka petitions SC challenging tribunal decision on water allocation |access-date=14 November 2018}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Krishna Water Disputes Tribunal]]

==References==
{{Commons category}}
{{Reflist}}

{{Hydrography of Goa}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Rivers of Goa]]
[[Category:Inter-state disputes in India]]
[[Category:Rivers of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Geography of North Goa district]]
[[Category:Geography of South Goa district]]
[[Category:Geography of Belagavi district]]
[[Category:Geography of Uttara Kannada district]]
[[Category:Rivers of India]]