imported>Gowhk8: WP:CATSPECIFIC

2021-06-13T07:11:55Z

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{{for|temporary Pavilions erected in [[Ganesh Chaturthi]] and [[Durga Puja]]|pandal}}
{{italic title}}
[[File:View of large open mantapa with polished lathe turned pillars in the Amrutesvara temple at Amruthapura, Chikkamagaluru district.jpg|thumb|right|Open ''mandapa'' at [[Amritapura]]]]
'''''Mandapa''''' (also spelled '''''mantapa''''' or '''''mandapam''''') in [[Indian architecture]], especially [[Hindu temple architecture]], is a [[Column|pillared]] hall or [[pavilion]] for public rituals.<ref>{{cite book
| first= Binda
| last= Thapar
| year= 2004
| title= Introduction to Indian Architecture
| publisher= Periplus Editions
| location=Singapore
| isbn= 0-7946-0011-5
| page= 143}}</ref>

Mandapas are described as "open" or "closed" depending on whether they have walls. In temples, one or more mandapas very often lie between the sanctuary and the temple entrance, on the same axis. In a large temple other mandapas may be placed to the sides, or detached within the temple compound.

==Temple architecture==

[[File:Bhuvanesvar1013.jpg|thumb|''Mandapa'' in [[Odisha]] with a shape like a bell [[Ghanta]] ]]
In the [[Hindu temple]] the ''mandapa'' is a porch-like structure through the (''[[gopuram]]'') (ornate gateway) and leading to the temple. It is used for religious dancing and music and is part of the basic temple compound.<ref>{{cite book
| first=Francis D.K.
| last= Ching
| year= 1995
| title= A Visual Dictionary of Architecture
| publisher=John Wiley and Sons
| location=New York
| isbn= 0-471-28451-3
| page= 253}}</ref> The prayer hall was generally built in front of the temple's ''[[sanctum sanctorum]]'' (''[[garbhagriha]]''). A large temple would have many ''mandapa''.<ref name="glossary">{{cite web
|url=http://www.indoarch.org/arch_glossary.php
|title=Architecture of the Indian Subcontinent - Glossary
|access-date=2007-01-08
}}</ref>

If a temple has more than one ''mandapa'', each one is allocated for a different function and given a name to reflect its use. For example, a ''mandapa'' dedicated to divine marriage is referred to as a ''kalyana mandapa''.<ref>{{cite book
| first= Binda
| last= Thapar
| year= 2004
| title= Introduction to Indian Architecture
| publisher= Periplus Editions
| location=Singapore
| isbn= 0-7946-0011-5
| page= 43}}</ref>
Often the hall was pillared and the pillars adorned with intricate [[Stone carving|carvings]].<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.art-and-archaeology.com/india/glossary1.html
|title=Glossary of Indian Art
|publisher=art-and-archaeology.com
|access-date=2007-01-08
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070405055253/http://www.art-and-archaeology.com/india/glossary1.html
|archive-date=2007-04-05
}}</ref>
In contemporary terms, it also represents a structure within which a [[Hindu wedding]] is performed. The bride and groom encircle a holy fire lit by the officiating priest in the center of the ''mandapa''.{{ref}}

==Name variations==
[[File:Banteay Srei 35.jpg|thumb|''Mandapa'' of the central shrine of [[Banteay Srei]] temple, [[Cambodia]].]]

When a temple has more than one ''mandapa'', they are given different names.<ref name="glossary"/><ref name=carthage>http://personal.carthage.edu/jlochtefeld/picturepages/Khajuraho/architecture.html</ref>
* [[Ardhamandapa]] (Artha Mandapam or Ardh Mandapam) – intermediary space between the temple exterior and the ''[[garba griha]]'' (''sanctum sanctorum'') or the other ''mandapa'' of the temple
*Asthana Mandapam – assembly hall
*Kalyana Mandapam – dedicated to ritual marriage celebration of the Lord with Goddess
*Maha Mandapam – (Maha=big) When there are several ''mandapa'' in the temple, it is the biggest and the tallest. It is used for conducting religious discourses. Sometimes, the ''maha mandapa'' is also built along a transversal axis with a [[transept]] (bumped-out portions along this transversal axis). At the exterior, the transept ends by a large window which brings light and freshness into the temple.
*Nandi Mandapam (or Nandi mandir) – In the Shiva temples, pavilion with a statue of the sacred bull [[Nandi (bull)|Nandi]], looking at the statue or the ''lingam'' of Shiva.
*Ranga Mandapa or ''rangamandapa'' - a larger mandapa, which can be used for dance or drama, with music
*Meghanath Mandapa
*Namaskara Mandapa
*Open Mandapa

[[File:Thailand - Flickr - Jarvis-27.jpg|right|180px|thumb|A [[Buddhism in Thailand|Thai Buddhist]] ''Mandapa'' or ''Mondop'', [[Wat Phra Kaew]], [[Bangkok]]]]
==Other languages==
In [[Burmese language|Burmese]], the term ''mandat'' ({{my|မဏ္ဍပ်}}), which has etymological origins in Pali ''maṇḍapa'', is an open platform or pavilion from which people spray water to passers-by during the Buddhist festival [[Thingyan]].

In [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]], the mandapa is known as a ''[[pendopo]]'' ({{lang|jv|ꦥꦼꦤ꧀ꦝꦥ}}). Unusually, Indonesian pendopos are built mostly for Muslim communities. Many mosques follow the pendopo design, with a layered roof to resemble [[Mount Meru]].

In [[Khmer language|Khmer]], Mandapa is pronounced to be ''Mondup'' (មណ្ឌប), means pavilion. [[Khmer people]] often refer it as a small shrine with high crown-shaped like tower, decorated with exquisite ornaments in various styles.<ref>Khmer dictionary, word ''មណ្ឌប'' (Mondup), p.767, published in 2007, adapted from Khmer dictionary that was published by Buddhist institute of Cambodia in 1967.</ref> In [[Khmer architecture|Khmer temples]] during [[Khmer empire|Angkor]] era, A Mandapa is generally attached to the central tower of a temple and lied longitudinally to one of each main direction.

In [[Tamil language|Tamil]], this platform is the ''Aayiram Kaal Mandapam'' – a distinctly thousand pillared hall close to the [[Vimana (shrine)|vimana]] of the [[Koil]] which forms a distinct part of the site plan of classical [[Dravidian architecture]].

In [[Thai language|Thai]], it is called a ''[[mondop]]'' ({{lang|th|มณฑป}}). It features often in [[Thai temple art and architecture]], either in the form of a [[Hor Trai]] (a temple library) or as an altar shrine such as the one in [[Wat Chiang Man]] in [[Chiang Mai]].

==Gallery==

<gallery widths="160px" heights="120px">
File:Tripurantakesvara Temple at Balligavi.jpg|Mandapa porch, [[Shimoga]]
File:Mantapa (hall) in Panchakuta Basadi at Kambadahalli.jpg|[[Kambadahalli]] [[Ganga (goddess)|Ganga]] mandapa
File:Thommanon Temple, Angkor, Cambodia.jpg|Madapa of [[Thommanon]] temple connected its main shrine tower, facing to the east, [[Cambodia]]
File:Cambodge-1000a.jpg|[[Chau Say Tevoda]]'s mandapa and main tower enclosed by its wall and 4 [[gopuram|gopura]]s, Cambodia
File:Pasat Khaw Phanom Rung - panoramio - JAMRAT (6).jpg|[[Phanom Rung]] temple's [[Prang (architecture)|prang]] and its mandapa, [[Thailand]]
File:P5254889พนมวันโคราช.JPG|Mandapa of Phanom Wan temple, Thailand
File:2019 02 Prasat Hin Phimai 22.jpg|Mandapa and tower of [[Phimai Historical Park|Phimai]] temple, Thailand
File:TMII_Central_Java_Pavilion_1.JPG|Royal [[pendopo]] in [[Java]], [[Indonesia]], commonly found in sultans' palaces
File:Bhaktapur Durbar Square Premises 2016 (61).jpg|Chyasilin Mandap in [[Bhaktapur]], [[Nepal]]
File:Kasthamandap GP3.JPG|[[Kasthamandap]] in [[Kathmandu]], Nepal
</gallery>

==Notes==
<references/>

==See also==
* [[Pendopo]]
* [[Wedding mandap]]
*[[Zayat]]

==External links==
{{commons category|Mandapas}}
{{commons category|Mondop in Thailand}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20041225034258/http://gist.ap.nic.in/museums/kakamant.html Photo of four-pillared Kakatiya mandapa]
*[http://www.art-and-archaeology.com/india/mamallapuram/km01.html Photo of relief in a mandapa]
*[http://www.art-and-archaeology.com/india/temple1.html Floor plan of North Indian temple with mandapa]
[[Category:Hindu temple architecture]]

Mandapa - Revision history

imported>Gowhk8: WP:CATSPECIFIC