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	{{Short description\|Town in India}}		{{Short description\|Town in India}}
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{{Short description|Town in India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Manali
| settlement_type = [[Town]]
| image_skyline = Hadimba Devi Mandir.jpg
| image_alt = External view of ancient [[Hidimba Devi Temple]] in Manali
| image_caption = [[Hidimba Devi Temple]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kullu district|Kullu]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for = ''[[Manusmriti]]''
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 2050
| population_total = 8096<ref name="pop">{{Cite web|url=http://www.citypopulation.de/php/india-himachalpradesh.php?cityid=0240401000|title= Manali (Kullu, Himachal Pradesh, India) - population statistics, map, and location|access-date=1 August 2014}}</ref>
| population_as_of = [[2011 Census of India|2011]]
| population_rank = [[List of cities in Himachal Pradesh by population|22 (state)]]
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 175131
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = +911902
| registration_plate = HP-58
| website =
| footnotes =
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| native_name = 
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of Himachal Pradesh|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Himachal Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| pushpin_label = Manali
| subdivision_type = Country
| pushpin_map_alt = Map showing the location of Manali within Himachal Pradesh and India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| coordinates = {{coord|32.243177|N|77.189246|E|display=inline, title}}
| pushpin_map = India Himachal Pradesh#India
| native_name_lang = 
}}
[[File:House with bridge for monsoon floods. Manali.jpg|thumb|250px|House with homemade bridge for monsoon floods. Manali]]
'''Manali''' is a [[resort town|resort]] and [[Honeypot (tourism)|tourist town]] in the mountains of [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[India]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/photos/lifestyle-gallery/express-wanderlust-the-mountains-are-calling-head-over-to-manali-6141029/|title=Wanderlust the mountains are calling head over to Manali, Himachal Pradesh|website=theindianexpress.com}}</ref> It is situated in the northern end of the [[Kullu Valley]], formed by the [[Beas River]]. The town is located in the [[Kullu district]], approximately {{convert|270|km|mi|abbr=}} north of the state capital of [[Shimla]] and {{Convert|544|km|mi}} northeast of the national capital of [[Delhi]]. With a population of 8,096 people recorded in the [[2011 Census of India|2011 Indian census]], Manali is the beginning of an ancient trade route through the [[Union territory]] of [[Ladakh]], over the [[Karakoram Pass]] and onto [[Yarkant County|Yarkand]] and [[Hotan]] in the [[Tarim Basin]] of [[China]]. Manali is a popular [[Tourism in India|tourist destination in India]] and serves as the gateway to the [[Lahaul and Spiti district]] as well as the city of [[Leh]] in Ladakh.<ref name="Gardner1995">''Paper also Presented at the International Seminar on Disasters, Environment and Development, December 9-12, 1994, New Delhi, India'' –by {{cite book|author=James S. Gardner|title=Tourism and Risk from Natural Hazards: Manali, Himachal Pradesh, India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NtgsAQAAMAAJ|year=1995|publisher=Natural Resources Institute, University of Manitoba}}</ref>

== History ==
Manali is named after the [[Sanātanī]] lawgiver [[Manu (Hinduism)|Manu]] (see [[Manusmriti]]). The name ''Manali'' is regarded as the derivative of ''Manu-Alaya'' ({{Translation|'the abode of Manu'}}).{{Citation needed|date=June 2021}} In [[Hindu cosmology]], Manu is believed to have stepped off his ark in Manali to recreate human life after a [[Flood myth|great flood had deluged the world]]. The [[Kullu Valley]] in which Manali is situated is often referred to as the "Valley of the Gods". An old village in the town has an ancient temple dedicated to the sage Manu.{{Citation needed|date=June 2021}}

The [[British Empire|British]] introduced apple trees in the area; the first apple orchard was set up near [[Patlikuhal]]. Currently, apples along with plums and pears account for the bulk of the [[Agriculture in India|agriculture]]-dominated economy of the town. The [[British Raj|British colonial administration]] also introduced [[Rainbow trout|rainbow]] and [[Brown trout|brown trouts]] into the rivers and streams of the area.{{Citation needed|date=June 2021}}

Due in part to the rise of [[Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir|an insurgency]] in neighbouring Indian-administered [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], a territory that has been the subject of an [[Kashmir conflict|international dispute]] with [[Pakistan]], Manali has had difficulties with its tourism industry, which is interlinked with cities in the [[Kashmir Valley]] as well as [[Ladakh]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=13 August 2019|title=The political tensions in Jammu & Kashmir have adversely affected the tourism industry of Himachal Pradesh|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/outlooktraveller/travelnews/story/69653/himachal-pradesh-witnesses-drop-in-tourism-post-withdrawal-of-article-370|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-29|website=Outlook India|language=en}}</ref>

==Geography==
[[File:Manali jan.jpg|thumb|300px|center|<center>Himalayan mountains in Manali, [[Himachal Pradesh]].</center>]]
Manali is located at 32.2396 N, 77.1887 E, about {{convert|547|km|abbr=on}} north of New Delhi.

==Demographics==
Manali has grown from a trading village to a small town; as of the 2011 census of India, its population was 8,096. In 2001, Manali had an official population of 6,265. Males constituted 64% of the population and females 36%. Manali had an average literacy rate of 74%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; male literacy was 80%, and female literacy was 63.9%. 9.5% of the population was under six years of age.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=16 June 2004|access-date=1 November 2008|publisher=Census Commission of India}}</ref> During the summer months, there is a marked surge in the transients as many of them are employed in the hospitality businesses.

== Climate ==
[[File:Mountains, Manali, Himachal Pradesh.jpg|thumb|Snowfall in Manali]]
Manali features a [[subtropical highland climate]] (''[[Köppen climate classification|Cfb]]'') with warm summers, relatively cold winters, and a high [[diurnal temperature variation]]. The temperatures range from {{convert|-7|C||abbr=on}} to {{convert|30|C|abbr=on}} over the year with the hottest day crossing {{convert|30|C|abbr=on}} and the coldest day going below {{convert|-7|C||abbr=on}}. The average temperature during summer is between {{convert|10|C|abbr=on}} to {{convert|30|C||abbr=on}}, and between {{convert|-7|C|abbr=on}} to {{convert|15|C|abbr=on}} in the winter.

Monthly precipitation varies between {{convert|31|mm|abbr=on}} in November and {{convert|217|mm|abbr=on}} in July. On average, some {{convert|45|mm|abbr=on}} of precipitation is received during winter and spring months, increasing to some {{convert|115|mm|abbr=on}} in summer as the monsoon approaches. The average total annual precipitation is {{convert|1363|mm|abbr=on}}. Manali experiences snowfall predominantly between December and the beginning of March.{{Weather box
| location = Manali, Himachal Pradesh (1981–2010, extremes 1968–2011)
| metric first = Yes
| single line = Yes
| Jan record high C = 19.5
| Feb record high C = 23.5
| Mar record high C = 27.0
| Apr record high C = 30.0
| May record high C = 35.0
| Jun record high C = 33.2
| Jul record high C = 32.6
| Aug record high C = 30.6
| Sep record high C = 29.2
| Oct record high C = 30.0
| Nov record high C = 25.6
| Dec record high C = 21.5
| year record high C = 35.0
| Jan high C = 10.8
| Feb high C = 12.1
| Mar high C = 16.7
| Apr high C = 21.7
| May high C = 24.9
| Jun high C = 27.0
| Jul high C = 26.9
| Aug high C = 25.5
| Sep high C = 24.7
| Oct high C = 22.0
| Nov high C = 17.7
| Dec high C = 13.5
| year high C = 20.2
| Jan low C = -1.1
| Feb low C = 0.2
| Mar low C = 3.0
| Apr low C = 6.4
| May low C = 9.1
| Jun low C = 12.8
| Jul low C = 15.9
| Aug low C = 16.0
| Sep low C = 12.2
| Oct low C = 6.1
| Nov low C = 2.2
| Dec low C = 0.2
| year low C = 6.9
| Jan record low C = -11.6
| Feb record low C = -11.0
| Mar record low C = -6.0
| Apr record low C = -1.0
| May record low C = 1.0
| Jun record low C = 4.4
| Jul record low C = 7.4
| Aug record low C = 7.0
| Sep record low C = 3.0
| Oct record low C = -1.5
| Nov record low C = -5.0
| Dec record low C = -10.0
| year record low C = -11.6
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 83.5
| Feb rain mm = 110.4
| Mar rain mm = 156.9
| Apr rain mm = 84.7
| May rain mm = 73.5
| Jun rain mm = 73.9
| Jul rain mm = 190.3
| Aug rain mm = 192.1
| Sep rain mm = 113.1
| Oct rain mm = 35.9
| Nov rain mm = 28.1
| Dec rain mm = 55.0
| year rain mm = 1197.4
| Jan rain days = 5.2
| Feb rain days = 7.4
| Mar rain days = 8.0
| Apr rain days = 5.5
| May rain days = 5.8
| Jun rain days = 6.4
| Jul rain days = 12.1
| Aug rain days = 13.6
| Sep rain days = 7.7
| Oct rain days = 2.3
| Nov rain days = 1.7
| Dec rain days = 2.9
| year rain days = 78.6
|time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| Jan humidity = 61
| Feb humidity = 61
| Mar humidity = 53
| Apr humidity = 56
| May humidity = 61
| Jun humidity = 63
| Jul humidity = 74
| Aug humidity = 76
| Sep humidity = 75
| Oct humidity = 69
| Nov humidity = 61
| Dec humidity = 62
|year humidity = 64
|source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref name=IMDnormals>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| title = Station: Manali Climatological Table 1981–2010
| work = Climatological Normals 1981–2010
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = January 2015
| pages = 469–470
| access-date = 15 February 2020}}</ref><ref name=IMDextremes>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205042509/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| title = Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = December 2016
| page = M69
| access-date = 15 February 2020}}</ref>
}}

==Transport==

=== Air ===
The nearest airport [[Bhuntar Airport]] (IATA code KUU) is at Bhuntar town, situated on NH21 about {{convert|50|km|abbr=on}} south of Manali and {{convert|10|km|abbr=on}} south of Kullu town. The airport is also known as Kullu-Manali airport and has more than a kilometre long runway. [[Air India]] has regular flights to the airport from New Delhi.

==== Helicopter taxi service ====
[[Pawan Hans]], the Government charter agency, provides heli-taxi service connecting [[Shimla]] to [[Chandigarh]], [[Kullu district|Kullu]], and [[Dharamshala]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=19 March 2019|title=Shimla-Chandigarh helicopter service now operating six days a week|url=https://himachaltourism.gov.in/shimla-chandigarh-helicopter-service-now-operating-six-days-a-week/|access-date=21 November 2019|website=Himachal Tourism Official Website}}</ref>

=== Road ===
Manali can be reached from Delhi by [[National Highway 1 (India)|national highway NH 1]] up to [[Ambala]] and from there [[NH 22]] to [[Chandigarh]] and from there by [[National Highway 21 (India)|national highway NH21]] that passes through [[Bilaspur, Himachal Pradesh|Bilaspur]], [[Sundernagar]], [[Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India|Mandi]] and [[Kullu]] towns. The road distance from Chandigarh to Manali is {{convert|310|km|abbr=on}}, and the total distance from Delhi to Manali is {{convert|570|km|abbr=on}}. Bus services are available from HRTC (Himachal Road Transport Corporation), HPTDC (Himachal Tourism Development Corporation), and private operators.

=== Rail ===
There is no close railhead available close to Manali. The nearest [[broad gauge]] railheads are at [[Una, Himachal Pradesh|Una]] {{convert|250|km|0|abbr=on}} away, [[Kiratpur Sahib]] {{convert|268|km|0|abbr=on}}, [[Kalka]] ({{convert|275|km|0|abbr=on}}), [[Chandigarh]] ({{convert|310|km|0|abbr=on}}), and [[Pathankot]] ({{convert|325|km|0|abbr=on}}). The nearest [[Narrow gauge railway|narrow gauge]] railhead is at [[Joginder Nagar]] ({{convert|175|km}}). The [[Kalka–Shimla Railway]] is a nostalgic narrow-gauge route culminating at the state capital of [[Shimla]] wherefrom one has to travel by road to Manali.

=== Environmental concerns ===
Manali has witnessed a flurry of activity related to hydroelectric power and tourism. Unplanned and rampant construction has led to severe depletion of forests and pollution of river bodies, along with garbage being disposed of on the side of the mountains. There has been a loss of habitat to various species of fauna, not limited to the [[Himalayan monal]], incidentally the state bird of [[Uttarakhand]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Azad |first1=Shivani |title=Uttarakhand’s state bird monal to be conserved with help from Himachal |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/ukhands-state-bird-monal-to-be-conserved-with-help-from-himachal/articleshow/72099088.cms |access-date=1 March 2021 |work=The Times of India |date=18 November 2019 |language=en}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Tourism in Himachal Pradesh]]
* [[List of hill stations in India]]
* [[Mall Road, Manali]]

==Further reading==
*Verma, V. 1996. ''Gadd of Dhauladhar: A Transhumant Tribe of the Himalayas''. Indus Publishing Co., New Delhi.
*Handa, O. C. 1996. ''Buddhist Monasteries in Himachal Pradesh''. {{ISBN|978-8185182032}}.
*Penelope Chetwode 1972, 1989 "Kulu: The End of the Habitable World" ({{ISBN|9788185113203}}) Time Books International

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commons category|Manali}}

[https://himachaltourism.gov.in/destination/manali/ Himachal Tourism Official Govt Website]
{{Wikivoyage|Manali}}
{{Leh-Manali Highway}}
{{Kullu Manali Circuit}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Tourism in Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Hill stations in Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Ski areas and resorts in India]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Kullu district]]
[[Category:Manali, Himachal Pradesh| ]]

Manali, Himachal Pradesh - Revision history

CleanupBot: Bot: Deleting out-dated template

CelinaArellano: updated structure for consistency and updated info for accuracy

WikiDwarfBOT: Cleanup: Source modification.

imported>Rdp060707: Reverted edits by Ajayvips (talk) to last revision by 2401:4900:369F:9627:C596:1BC3:9BFE:D842: addition of unnecessary/inappropriate external links