Svetlanabpd: rework content also and cleaned formatting

2025-11-12T05:40:40Z

rework content also and cleaned formatting

imported>GoAheadFan95: /* Surname */ Zayn Malik was born in 1993

2021-08-27T13:56:45Z

Surname: Zayn Malik was born in 1993

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{{other uses}}
{{more citations needed|date=April 2012}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2013}}
{{SpecialChars|fix=Help:Special characters#Phoenician}}
'''Malik''', '''Melik''', '''Malka''', '''Malek''', '''Maleek''', '''Malick''', or '''Melekh''' ({{lang-phn|[[wikt:𐤌𐤋𐤊#Phoenician|𐤌𐤋𐤊]]}}; {{lang-ar|[[wikt:ملك#Arabic|ملك]]}}; {{lang-he|[[wikt:מלך#Hebrew|מֶלֶךְ]]}}) is the [[Semitic languages|Semitic]] term translating to "[[king (title)|king]]", recorded in [[East Semitic]] and [[Arabic language|Arabic]], and as '''mlk''' in [[Northwest Semitic]] during the [[Late Bronze Age]] (e.g. [[Aramaic]], [[Canaanite language|Canaanite]], [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]]).

Although the early forms of the name were to be found among the Pre-Arab and Pre-Islamic [[Semitic people|Semites]] of [[The Levant]], [[Canaan]], and [[Mesopotamia]], it has since been adopted in various other, mainly but not exclusively [[Islamization|Islamized]] or [[Arabization|Arabized]] non-Semitic [[Languages of Asia|Asian languages]] for their ruling princes and to render kings elsewhere. It is also sometimes used in derived meanings.

The female version of Malik is '''Malikah''' ({{lang-ar|[[wikt:ملكة#Arabic|ملكة]]}}) (or its various spellings such as '''[[wikt:ملکه#Persian|Malekeh]]''' or '''Melike'''), meaning "queen".

The name Malik was originally found among various pre-Arab and non-Muslim Semitic peoples such as the indigenous ethnic [[Assyrian people|Assyrians]] of [[Iraq]], [[Amorites]], [[Jews]], [[Arameans]], [[Mandeans]], [[Assyrian people|Syriacs]], and pre-Islamic [[Arabs]]. It has since been spread among various predominantly Muslim and non-Semitic peoples in [[Central Asia]], the [[Middle East]], and [[South Asia]]. [[Maalik|Malik]] is also an [[angel]] in the [[Quran]], who never smiled since the day the hellfire was created.

The last name "Malik" or the accented version "Malík" may also be of [[West Slavs|West Slavic]] origin, most predominantly [[Polish language|Polish]], [[Czech language|Czech]], and [[Slovakian language|Slovakian]], as it comes from a Polish word "mały" meaning "small". It's comparable with surnames such as "Malicki", "Maliczek", or "Malikowski".<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=http://baby-names.familyeducation.com/name-meaning/malik|title=Meaning and Origin of Malik - FamilyEducation|website=baby-names.familyeducation.com}}</ref>

The last name "Malik" also refers to people belonging to the [[Punjab]], [[Uttar Pradesh]] and [[Haryana]] region in [[India]] and [[Pakistan]].

Malik is also a common name for boys in [[Greenlandic language|Greenlandic]], meaning "wave".

==Etymology==
{{further|Moloch}}
The earliest form of the name ''Maloka'' was used to denote a prince or chieftain in the [[East Semitic languages|East Semitic]] [[Akkadian language|Akkadian]] language of the [[Mesopotamian]] states of [[Akkadian Empire|Akkad]], [[Assyria]], [[Babylonia]] and [[Chaldea]].<ref>F.Leo Oppenheim - Ancient Mesopotamia</ref> The Northwest Semitic ''[[:wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/malk-|mlk]]'' was the title of the rulers of the primarily [[Amorite]], [[Suteans|Sutean]], [[Canaan]]ite, [[Phoenicia]]n and [[Arameans|Aramean]] city-states of the [[Levant]] and [[Canaan]] from the [[Late Bronze Age]].
Eventual derivatives include the Aramaic, Neo-Assyrian, Mandic and Arabic forms: ''Malik'', ''Malek'', ''Mallick'', ''Malkh''a, ''Malka'', ''Malkai'' and the [[Hebrew]] form ''Melek''.

''[[Moloch]]'' has been traditionally interpreted the epithet of a god, known as "the king" like [[Baal]] was an epithet "the master" and [[Adon]] an epithet "the lord", but in the case of Moloch purposely mispronounced as ''Mole<u>k</u>'' instead of ''Mele<u>k</u>'' using the vowels of Hebrew ''bosheth'' "shame".<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia | title = Molech | encyclopedia = Britannica Online Encyclopedia | publisher = Encyclopædia Britannica Online | year = 2008 | url = http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9053271/Moloch | access-date = 2008-03-22 }}</ref>

'''Malik''' is also an unrelated [[Greenlandic language|Greenlandic Inuit]] name meaning "wave."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nordicnames.de/wiki/Special:Search?search=Malik&fulltext=Search|title=Search results for "Malik" - Nordic Names Wiki - Name Origin, Meaning and Statistics|website=www.nordicnames.de}}</ref>

==Political==
{{Unreferenced section|date=July 2013}}
Primarily a ''malik'' is the ruling monarch of a [[Monarchy|kingdom]], called ''mamlaka''; that term is however also used in a broader sense, like realm, for rulers with another, generally lower titles, as in [[Sahib|Sahib al-Mamlaka]]. Malik is also used for tribal leaders, e.g. among the [[Pashtun people|Pashtuns]].

Some [[Arab]] kingdoms are currently ruled by a Malik:
* [[Bahrain]], formerly under a ''[[Hakim (title)|hakim]]'', or "ruler", until 16 August 1971, then under an ''[[emir]]'', or "prince", and since 14 February 2002 under a ''malik''.
* [[Jordan]], formerly the [[Emirate]] of [[Emirate of Transjordan|Transjordan]];
* [[Morocco]], formerly a [[Sultanate]];
* [[Saudi Arabia]]. On 10 June 1916 the [[Grand Sharif]] of [[Mecca]] assumed the title of King of the [[Hejaz]]; from 29 October 1916 "King of the Arabs and [[Commander of the Faithful]]"; from 6 November 1916 recognized by the allied powers only as King of the [[Hejaz]], [[Commander of the Faithful]], [[Grand Sharif]] and [[emir]] of Mecca; also assumed the title of [[Caliph]] on 11 March 1924; from 3 October 1924: King of the Hejaz and Grand Sharif of Mecca. In 1925 [[Nejd]] conquered Hijaz, so the Sultan of Nejd added the title "King of Hijaz". On 22 September 1932 Nejd and Hejaz were renamed as Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, full style: ''Malik al-Mamlaka al-'Arabiyya as-Sa'udiyya'' ("King of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"); from 1986 prefixed to the name: ''[[Khadim al-Haramayn ash-Sharifayn]]'' ("Servant (i.e. [[Protector (title)|Protector]]) of the Two Exalted Holy Places [Mecca and Medina]").

Other historic realms under a Malik include:
* [[Egypt]] — the former [[Khedivate of Egypt|khedivate]] and subsequently [[Sultanate of Egypt|independent sultanate]] was ruled by ''Malik Misr'' ("[[King of Egypt]]") from 1922 to 1951; and ''Malik Misr wa's Sudan'' ("[[King of Egypt and the Sudan]]") from 16 October 1951 until the proclamation of the republic on 18 June 1953
* [[Iraq]] — between 23 August 1921 and 2 May 1958, Iraq was ruled by a Hashemite ''[[List of Kings of Iraq|Malik al-'Iraq]]'' ("King of Iraq"). Among the indigenous [[Assyrian people|Assyrians]] and [[Kurdish Jews]], the term has been (and still is) used since pre-Arab and pre-Islamic for the title of tribal chief, for example [[Malik Khoshaba]] of the Bit-[[Tyareh]] tribe.
* [[Libya]] — [[Idris I of Libya|Idris I]] (1890–1983) (Sayyid Muhammad Idris [[as-Sanusi]], heir of a Muslim sect's dynasty) reigned as ''Malik al-Mamlaka al-Libiyya al-Muttahida'' ("King of the United Libyan Kingdom") from 24 December 1951 through 25 April 1963 and ''Malik al-Mamlaka al-Libiyya'' ("King of the Libyan Kingdom") until 1 September 1969
* [[Maldives]] — between 1965 and 1968, [[Muhammad Fareed Didi]] ruled Maldives as ''Jala'ala ul-Malik'' ("King" and the style of "His Majesty"); previous rulers were styled: Sultan of Land and Sea and Lord of the twelve-thousand islands, holding both the Arabic title of Sultan and the more ancient [[Dhivehi language|Divehi]] title of Maha Radun or Ras Kilege
* [[Oman]] — the [[Nabhani dynasty]] ruled Oman between 1154 and 1470, later it was an [[imamate]]/ Sultanate
* [[Tunisia]], formerly ruled by maliks (1 year);
* [[Yemen]] — between *1918 and 27 September 1962, and in dissidence to March 1970, the imamate of Yemen was ruled by ''[[Imams of Yemen|Imam al-Muslimin, Amir al-Mu'minin, Malik al-Mamlaka al-Mutawakkiliyya al-Yamaniyya]]'' ("Imam of the Muslims, [[Commander of the Faithful]], King of the Mutawakkilite Yemeni Kingdom")
* [[Afghanistan]], [[Pakistan]], [[Bangladesh]], [[India]] - The [[Muslim]] rulers bestowed the title of ''Malik'' on loyal tribal leaders and chieftains in [[South Asia]]. The [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] and colonial [[India]], the princely state of [[Zainabad, Vanod]] was ruled by a '''Malek Shri''' ([[Sri|Shri]] is an emphatical [[honorific]]).

The '''title Malik''' has also been used in languages which adopted Arabic [[loanword]]s (mainly, not exclusively, in Muslim cultures), for various [[prince]]ly or lower ranks and functions.
* In [[Armenia]], the title of Melik was bestowed upon princes who ruled various [[Principality|principalities]], often referred to as Melikdoms.
* In [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]], among the numerous Grandees, often related to Armenia:
** In the fourth class, (''[[tavadi|Sul-didibuli-tavadi]]'') of the [[Kingdom of Kartli (1484–1762)|Kingdom of Kartli]], commanders of banners (''[[sadrosho]]''), sixth and last in that class, the Malik of [[Somkhiti]] (''Somkhiti is the name of Armenia in Georgian'').
** In the sixth class, Grandees of the second class (''[[mtavari]]'') of the Kingdom of Kartli, ranking first of the second subclass, Grandees under the Prince of [[Baratashvili|Sabaratiano]]: the [[Loris-Melikov|Malik of Lori]] ([[Lori Province|Lori]] - region in Armenia), head of the house of [[Melikishvili]].

The word Malik is sometimes used in Arabic to render roughly equivalent titles of foreign rulers, for instance the chronicler [[Baha al-Din Ibn Shaddad]] refers to King [[Richard I of England]] as ''Malik al-Inkitar''.
* In Pakistan, [[Awan (tribe)|Awan]] heads of villages are called Malik

==Divine==
{{More citations needed section|date=July 2013}}
*The sacrament of [[Holy Leaven]] in the [[Assyrian Church of the East]]<ref>{{Cite book | chapter = Malka or Malca | last = Bowker | first = John | title = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions | location = Oxford | publisher = Oxford University Press | via = Oxford Reference | date = 2003 | access-date = 30 July 2016 | chapter-url = http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780192800947.001.0001/acref-9780192800947-e-4537 | isbn = 9780191727221 }}</ref>
*It is also one of the [[Names of God in the Qur'an]], and is then ''al-Malik'' (الملك) or ''The King, Lord of the Worlds'' in the absolute sense (denoted by the definite article), meaning the [[King of Kings]], above all earthly rulers.
**Hence, Abdelmelik ("servant of [Allah] the King ") is an Arabic male name.
*In Biblical Hebrew, [[Moloch]] is either the name of a god or the name of a particular kind of sacrifice associated historically with Phoenician and related cultures in North Africa and the Levant.
*[[Melqart]] ("king of the city") was a Phoenician and Punic god.
*The [[Melkite]]s (from Syriac ''malkāyâ'', ܡܠܟܝܐ, "imperial") are the members of several Christian churches of the Middle East, originally those who sided with the Byzantine emperor.

==Compound and derived titles==
{{Unreferenced section|date=July 2013}}
*''Malika'' is the female derivation, a term of Arabic origin used in Persia as the title for a [[Queen consort]]. Frequently also used as part of a lady's name, e.g. ''Malika-i-Jahan'' 'Queen of the World'.
*''[[Sahib]] us-Sumuw al-Malik'' (female Sahibat us-Sumuw al-Malik) is an Arabic title for His/Her [[Royal Highness]], notably for Princes in the dynasty of the Malik of Egypt.

The following components are frequently part of titles, notably in Persian (also used elsewhere, e.g. in India's Moghol tradition):
*'''- ul-Mulk''' (or '''ul-Molk'''): - of the kingdom; e.g. Malik Usman Khan, who served the [[Sultan]] of [[Gujarat]] as Governor of [[Lahore]], received the title of ''Zubdat ul-Mulk'' 'best of the kingdom' as a hereditary distinction, which was retained as part of the style of his heirs, the ruling [[Diwan (title)|Diwan]]s (only since 1910 promoted to [[Nawab]]) of [[Palanpur]].
*'''- ul-Mamaluk''' (plural of ''ul-mulk''): - of the kingdoms.

In the great Indian Muslim [[salute state]] of [[Hyderabad State|Hyderabad]], a first rank- vassal of the Mughal [[padshah]] (emperor) imitating his lofty Persian court protocol, the word '''Molk''' became on itself one of the titles used for ennobled Muslim retainers of the ruling [[Nizam of Hyderabad|Nizam]]'s court, in fact the third in rank, only below [[Jah]] (the highest) and [[Umara]], but above [[Al-Dawla|Daula]], [[Khan (title)|Jang]], [[Nawab]], [[Khan (title)|Khan Bahadur]] and [[Khan (title)|Khan]]; for the Nizam's Hindu retainers different titles were used, the equivalent of Molk being Vant.

==Usage in South Asia==
{{unreferenced section|date=November 2017}}
{{further|Kakazai|Malik (Punjab)|Malik (Bihar)|Malik (Jat)|Malik (Gujarat)}}

=== Pashtun usage ===
The Arabic term came to be adopted as a term for "[[tribal chieftain]]" in the [[tribe|tribal]] areas of northwestern [[Pakistan]].In tribal Pashtun society in Pakistan the Maliks serve as ''de facto'' arbiters in local conflicts, interlocutors in state policy-making, tax-collectors, heads of village and town councils and delegates to provincial and national ''jirgas'' as well as to Parliament.

===Punjabi usage===
In the [[Punjab region|Punjab]], "Malik", literally meaning "King" is a title used by some well-reputed specific Punjabi aristocrat bloodlines with special lineage, more formally known as [[Zamindar]]s. The Actual clan to hold and originate this esteemed title is the Malik which is also associated with different aspects throughout different generations and periods of history, It is believed that they originated as a clan of warriors who later on settled as wealthy landlords. Malik title is used various castes and tribes.

===General usage===
Malik or Malek is a common element in first and family names, usually without any aristocratic meaning.

Some Maliks (Urdu: ملک) are also a clan of [[Hindu]] [[Jat]], [[Muslim Jat|Muslim]] and a few [[Sikh Jat|Sikh Jatt]], found primarily in India. (There also exist Hindu [[Punjabi Maliks]] that are part of the [[Khukhrain]] or [[Arora]] communities. The Muslim Malik community is settled all over Pakistan and the Sikh Malik in India. The Malik are also known as the Ghatwala. The Gathwala are now designating themselves as Maliks. Due to popularity of the Malik title many punjabi sub-casts such as [[Gujarati people|Gujarati]] [[Punjabi people|Punjabis]], [[Teli]] [[Punjabi people|Punjabis]] and many others have adapted the title to gain acceptance in the [[Punjab]]i caste system.

==List of notable name-bearers==
===First name===

* [[Malik Ata Muhammad Khan]], famous tent pegger, A Renowned feudal lords and states man
* [[Nawab Malik Amir Mohammad Khan]], Nawab of Kalabagh, Patriarch of Malik-Awan Tribe
* [[Malik Basit]] or Malik B (1972–2020), American rapper
* [[Malik Bendjelloul]], Swedish Academy Award-winning documentary filmmaker, journalist, and child actor
* [[Malik Dixon]], American basketball player, [[Israeli Basketball Premier League Statistical Leaders|top scorer in the 2005 Israel Basketball Premier League]]
* [[Phife Dawg|Malik Izaak Taylor]] (aka Phife Dawg), American rapper and a member of the group A Tribe Called Quest
* [[Feroz Khan Noon|Malik Feroz Khan Noon]], former Prime Minister of Pakistan
* [[Malik Khizar Hayat Tiwana]], Punjab Unionist party Premier of the Punjab
* [[Malik Khoshaba]], an Assyrian tribal leader of the Tyareh tribe.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tyareh.org/leaders--heroes.html|title=Leaders & Heroes|website=My Site}}</ref>
*[[Malik Newman]] (born 1997), American basketball player in the [[Israeli Basketball Premier League]]
* [[Malik Peiris]], Sri Lankan scientist
* [[Malik Riaz]], Pakistani businessman and a real estate investor who owns [[Bahria Town]].
* [[Malik Shabazz]], also known as Malcolm X, an American Muslim leader and human rights activist
* [[Malik Willis]], American football player
* [[Malik Yoba]], American actor and occasional singer

===Surname===

* [[Abdul Malik (physician)|Abdul Malik]], Brigadier (rtd.), first Pakistani cardiologist, founder of [[National Heart Foundation (Bangladesh)|National Heart Foundation]]
* [[Anu Malik]], Indian singer and music director
* [[Armaan Malik]], Indian singer
* [[Art Malik]], a Pakistani-born British actor
* [[Nikunj Malik]], Indian actress<ref>[http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-10-301025-Malik-Riaz-can-help-lift-Pakistan-sports-Saeed-Hai "Malik Riaz can help lift Pakistan sports: Saeed Hai"], [[The News International]], Karachi, 15 February 2015. Retrieved on 26 February 2015.</ref>
* [[Rami Malek]], American actor
* [[Shoaib Malik]], Pakistani cricket player
* [[Steve Malik]] (born c. 1965), American businessman and sports team owner
* [[Rizwan Farook and Tashfeen Malik|Tashfeen Malik]], Arab American terrorist; she was shot dead by police after the San Bernardino massacre
* [[Terrence Malick]] (born 1943), American film director, screenwriter, producer
* [[Veena Malik]], Pakistani actress, TV host and model
* [[Wendie Malick]], American actress, former model
* [[Yasin Malik]], Kashmiri political leader and chairman of Jammu Kashmir Liberation front
* [[Zayn Malik]] (born 1993), English former member of One Direction, now soloist

==See also==
* [[Melech (name)]], a given name of Hebrew origin that means 'king'.
* [[Maluku islands]], an archipelago in Indonesia whose name is thought to have been derived from the Arab traders' term for the region, Jazirat al-Muluk ('the island of many kings').<ref name="RICKLEFSp24">{{cite book
| last =Ricklefs | first =M.C. | title =A History of Modern Indonesia Since c.1300, 2nd Edition | publisher =MacMillan | year =1991 | location =London | pages =24 | isbn = 0-333-57689-6 }}</ref>
* [[Minicoy]], an island in India that was the ancient capital of [[Lakshadweepa]], whose local name (Maliku) is thought to have been derived from the Arab traders' term for it, Jazirat al-Maliku ('the island of the king').<ref>Lutfy, Mohamed Ibrahim. Thaareekhuge therein Lakshadheebu</ref>
*{{annotated link|Maalik}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Feudalism]]
[[Category:Heads of state]]
[[Category:Military ranks]]
[[Category:Royal titles]]
[[Category:Noble titles]]
[[Category:Titles in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Titles in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Titles of national or ethnic leadership]]
[[Category:Titles in India]]
[[Category:Names of God in Islam]]
[[Category:Semitic words and phrases]]

Malik - Revision history

Svetlanabpd: rework content also and cleaned formatting

imported>GoAheadFan95: /* Surname */ Zayn Malik was born in 1993