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{{Infobox scientist
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| image = Malcolm Pasley.png
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| birth_date = {{birth date |df=yes|1926|04|05}}
| birth_place = [[Rajkot]], India
| death_date = {{death date and age |df=yes|2004|03|04|1926|04|05}}
| death_place = [[Oxford]], United Kingdom
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| nationality = British
| fields = [[German studies]]
| workplaces = {{Plainlist|
* [[University of Oxford]]
}}
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* [[Trinity College, Oxford]]
}}
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| known_for = Leading authority on [[German studies]], particularly the literature of [[Franz Kafka]]
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'''Sir John Malcolm Sabine Pasley, 5th Baronet''', [[British Academy|FBA]] (5 April 1926 – 4 March 2004), commonly known as '''Malcolm Pasley''', was a British philologist affiliated with the [[University of Oxford]]. He was considered the foremost British authority of [[German studies]]. Pasley is particularly well known for his dedication to and publication of the works of [[Franz Kafka]].{{sfn|The Times}}

==Biography==

===Early life===


Born in [[Rajkot]], India, Pasley was educated at [[Sherborne School|Sherborne]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://oldshirburnian.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/The-Sherborne-Register-Fourth-Edition-1550-1950-word-resized.pdf|title=''The Sherborne Register 1550–1950''|publisher=Old Shirbirnian Society|access-date=16 February 2019}}</ref> He was a direct descendant of Admiral [[Sir Thomas Pasley, 1st Baronet]], who distinguished himself in the [[French Revolutionary Wars]] and was made a baronet in 1794.

He served in the Royal Navy between 1944 and 1946.<ref name="kafka-orgPasleyObit">[http://www.kafka.org/index.php?id=184,200,0,0,1,0 ''The Telegraph'' obituary]</ref>

===Academics and honors===
Following is the outline of the academic career of Sir Malcolm Pasley:<ref name="kafka-orgPasleyObit"/><ref name="AdlerInd">Jeremy Adler, [http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_20040326/ai_n12775723 Obituary] ''The Independent'' (London), 26 March 2004</ref>

*1947: Attended [[Trinity College, Oxford]]
*1949: Graduated with a First in Modern Languages
*1949-50: Laming Travelling Fellow at [[The Queen's College, Oxford]]
*1950-58: Appointed Lecturer in German at [[Brasenose College, Oxford|Brasenose]] and [[Magdalen College, Oxford|Magdalen]] Colleges (University of Oxford)
*1958-86: Emeritus Fellow, Magdalen College
*1979-80: Vice-President, Magdalen College
*1980: Honorary doctorate from the [[University of Giessen]]
*1982: Succeeded to the family [[baronet]]cy
*1983: Elected to the German Academy of Language and Literature in Darmstadt
*1986: Retired
*1987: Austrian Cross of Honour for Learning and the Arts
*1991: Fellowship of the [[British Academy]]

===Marriage and children===
Sir Malcolm Pasley was married in 1965 to Virginia Wait. They had two sons:
* Robert Killigrew Sabine Pasley, born 25 October 1965
* Humphrey Sabine Pasley, born 1967

===German language===
Pasley wrote of many German authors, with his initial works on the German language, [[Friedrich Nietzsche|Nietzsche]] in particular, gaining him much fame. Pasley's work in this area was pioneering; his book ''[[Germany: A Companion to German Studies]]'', first published in 1972, is still in heavy demand.<ref name="kafka-orgPasleyObit"/>

===Kafka===
Pasley is best known for his work on the Kafka writings. He began studying Kafka in the early part of his career and was introduced to [[Marianne Steiner born Pollak]], Kafka's niece and daughter of his sister Valli, by her son Michael, who was a student at Oxford. Through this friendship Pasley became the key adviser to Kafka's heirs. Pasley regarded Kafka as "a younger brother".<ref name="AdlerInd"/>

In 1956, [[Salman Schocken]] and Max Brod placed Kafka's works in a Swiss vault due to concerns surrounding unrest in the Middle East and the safety of the manuscripts, which were with Brod in [[Tel Aviv]]. After significant negotiation, Pasley took personal possession of Kafka's works that were in Brod's possession. In 1961, Pasley transported them by car from Switzerland to Oxford. Pasley reflected on the adventure as one that "made his own hair stand on end".<ref name="kafka-orgPasleyObit"/>

The papers, except ''[[The Trial]]'', were deposited in Oxford's [[Bodleian Library]]. ''The Trial'' remained in the possession of Brod heiress [[Ilse Ester Hoffe]], and in November 1988 the [http://www.dla-marbach.de/ German Literary Archives] at [[Marbach am Neckar|Marbach]], Germany purchased the manuscript for £1.1 million in an auction conducted by [[Sotheby's]].<ref name=TrialSchkn_xiii>''The Trial'', Franz Kafka, Schocken Book, 1998, Publisher's Note page xiii</ref><ref name="Harrison_May171998">[http://www.textkritik.de/rezensionen/kafka/proc_03.htm "Scholars squabble in Kafkaesque drama"], Von David Harrison, ''The Observer'', 17 May 1998, S. 23</ref>

At Oxford, Pasley headed a team of scholars (Gerhard Neumann, [[Jost Schillemeit]], and [[Jürgen Born]]) that recompiled the text, removed Max Brod's edits and changes, and began publishing the works in 1982. This team restored the original German text to its full (and in some cases incomplete) state, with special attention paid to the unique Kafka punctuation, considered to be critical to his style.<ref name="Adler_oct131995">Jeremy Adler, [http://www.textkritik.de/rezensionen/kafka/einl_04.htm "Stepping into Kafka’s head"], ''Times Literary Supplement'', 13 October 1995</ref>

===Criticism of Pasley's work on Kafka===
Subsequent to the publication of the Kafka works, Pasley began receiving criticism about the completeness of their German publication. To that end, [[Stroemfeld Verlag]] has requested permission to scan the manuscripts to produce a facsimile edition and CD-ROM.

Aside from completeness, they cited a concern for the preservation of the works; some were written in pencil, and many were fading and crumbling.

Pasley refused their requests, joined by Marianne Steiner, who in 1998, told ''The Observer'' "I cannot forgive them for [the terrible things they had said about Pasley. I do not want them to have anything to do with the manuscripts."

In April 1998, Stroemfeld published a facsimile version of ''The Trial''. This manuscript, being owned by the German government, was accessible to them. In this publication the manuscript and transcription are listed side by side.

Scholars in favor of the Stroemfeld editions include [[Jeremy Adler]], professor of German at [[King's College London]], American writers [[Louis Begley]] and [[Harold Bloom]], professor of Humanities at [[Yale University|Yale]].<ref name="Harrison_May171998" />

==Works==
===Published works===
*1965 ''[[Kafka-Symposion]]'', co-author with Klaus Wagenbach
*1972 ''[[Germany: a companion to German studies]]'' (second edition, 1982) {{ISBN|0-416-33660-4}}
*1978 ''[[Nietzsche: Imagery and Thought]]'', {{ISBN|0-520-03577-1}}
*1982 ''Das Schloß'' (''[[The Castle (novel)|The Castle]]'') {{ISBN|3-596-12444-1}}
*1987/89 ''Max Brod, Franz Kafka: eine Freundschaft''
*1990 ''Der Prozeß'' (''[[The Trial]]'') {{ISBN|3-596-12443-3}}
*1990 ''[[Reise- Tagebucher, Kafka's travel diaries]]''
*1991 ''Die Handschrift redet'' (''[[The Manuscript Talks]]'')
*1991 ''[[The Great Wall of China and Other Stories]]''
*1992 ''[[The Transformation and Other Stories]]'' {{ISBN|0-14-018478-3}}
*1993 ''[[Nachgelassene Schriften und Fragmente I]]''
*1995 ''Die Schrift ist unveränderlich'' (''[[The Script is Unchangeable]]'')
*1996 ''[[Judgment & In the Penal Colony]]'' {{ISBN|0-14-600178-8}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
{{Refbegin}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Reed |first1=T. J. |year=2007 |title=John Malcolm Sabine Pasley |url=https://www.thebritishacademy.ac.uk/sites/default/files/150p149.pdf |access-date=30 January 2020 |journal=[[Proceedings of the British Academy]] |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |volume=150 |pages=148–158 }}
* {{cite ODNB |url=https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-94106 |url-access= |title=Pasley, Sir (John) Malcolm Sabine, fifth baronet |last=Reed |first=T. J. |date=8 January 2009 |department= |trans-title= |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/94106 |access-date=30 January 2020 |url-status= }}
* {{cite news |date=17 March 2004 |title=Sir Malcolm Pasley, Bt |url=https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/IF0501683578/TTDA?u=wikipedia&sid=TTDA&xid=7a6c299c |work=[[The Times]] |page=35 |ref={{sfnRef|The Times}}}}
{{Refend}}

==See also==

{{s-start}}
{{s-reg|gb-bt}}
{{succession box | title=[[Pasley baronets|Baronet]]<br>'''(of Craig)''' | years=1982–2004 | before= Rodney Marshall Sabine Pasley | after=Robert Killigrew Sabine Pasley}}
{{s-end}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pasley, Malcolm}}
[[Category:1926 births]]
[[Category:2004 deaths]]
[[Category:Baronets in the Baronetage of Great Britain|Pasley, Malcolm, 5th Baronet]]
[[Category:Franz Kafka scholars]]
[[Category:Germanists]]
[[Category:Military personnel of British India]]
[[Category:Translators of Franz Kafka]]
[[Category:Royal Navy officers of World War II]]
[[Category:Alumni of Trinity College, Oxford]]
[[Category:Fellows of The Queen's College, Oxford]]
[[Category:Fellows of Magdalen College, Oxford]]
[[Category:Fellows of the British Academy]]
[[Category:People educated at Sherborne School]]
[[Category:20th-century translators]]

Malcolm Pasley - Revision history

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