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{{short description|Indian Urdu poet and Hindi language lyricist}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Majrooh Sultanpuri
| image = Majrooh Sultanpuri & Ubaid Azam Azmi(cropped on Majrooh Sultanpuri).jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1919|10|1}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2000|5|24|1919|10|1|df=y}}<ref name=upperstall/>
| death_place = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]
| occupation = [[poet]], [[lyricist]], [[film]] [[songwriter]]<ref name=BBC/>
| background = non_performing_personnel
| birth_place = [[Sultanpur, Uttar Pradesh|Sultanpur]], [[United Provinces of Agra and Oudh]], [[British India]]
| years_active = 1946–2000
| birth_name = Asrar ul Hassan Khan<ref name=upperstall/>
| alias =
}}

'''Asrar ul Hassan Khan''' (1 October 1919 − 24 May 2000), better known as '''Majrooh Sultanpuri''', was an Indian [[Urdu poet]] and lyricist in India's [[Bollywood|Film industry]].<ref name=upperstall/> He wrote [[Hindustani language|Hindustani]] lyrics for numerous [[Hindi_film_songs|Hindi film soundtracks]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gopal |first1=Sangita |last2=Moorti |first2=Sujata |title=Global Bollywood: Travels of Hindi Song and Dance |date=2008 |publisher=[[University of Minnesota Press]] |isbn=9780816645787 |page=23 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=19JBf6oDOy0C&pg=PA23 |language=en}}</ref>

He was one of the dominating musical forces in [[Indian cinema]] in the 1950s and early 1960s, and was an important figure in the [[Progressive Writers' Movement]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Indian Literature and Popular Cinema |last=Pauwels |first=Heidi R. M. |year=2008 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=978-0-415-44741-6 |page=210}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=The Light |last=Zaheer |first=Sajjad |author2=Azfar, Amina |year=2006 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=0-19-547155-5 }}</ref> He is considered one of the finest avant-garde Urdu poets of 20th century literature.<ref>[http://www.urdupoetry.com/profile/majrooh.html Majrooh Sultanpuri Profile] urdupoetry.com website, Retrieved 11 May 2018</ref>

In his career spanning six decades, he worked with many music directors. He won the [[Filmfare Best Lyricist Award]] in 1965 for "[[Chahunga Main Tujhe]]" in the film ''[[Dosti]]'', and the highest award in [[Indian cinema]], the [[Dadasaheb Phalke Award]] for lifetime achievement in 1993.<ref name=BBC/> In the 1980s and 1990s, most of his work was with Anand-Milind, their most notable collaborations being ''[[Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak]]'', ''[[Lal Dupatta Malmal Ka]]'', ''[[Love (1991 film)|Love]]'', ''[[Kurbaan (1991 film)|Kurbaan]]'' and ''[[Dahek]]''.

He also wrote timeless classics with Jatin-Lalit for films like ''[[Jo Jeeta Wohi Sikander]]'' (including the song “Pehla Nasha”) and their debut film ''[[Yaara Dildara]]'' (including the song “Bin Tere Sanam”), which are both often heard to this day on the Indian musical airwaves.

==Early life==
Majrooh Sultanpuri was born as Asrar ul Hassan Khan in a Rajput [[Muslim]] family, in [[Sultanpur, Uttar Pradesh]], where his father was posted in the Police Department<ref name="hindi">{{cite book |title=Encyclopaedia of Hindi Cinema |last=Chatterjee |first=Saibal |author2=Nihalani, Govind |year=2003 |publisher=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |location=India |isbn=81-7991-066-0 }}</ref> in 1919/1920.<ref name="guru">{{cite book |title=Guru Dutt: A Life in Cinema |last=Kabir |first=Nasreen Munni Kabir |year=1996 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=0-19-563849-2 }}</ref> His father, though, a police officer, was not too keen on his son receiving English education and Majrooh was therefore sent for traditional 'Madrasa education' which led to his obtaining the qualification first of [[Dars-e-Nizami]] – a seven-year course which concentrated on religious affairs along with proficiency in [[Arabic language|Arabic]] and [[Persian language|Persian]]- and then the certificate of ''[['alim|'Alim]]''. He thereafter joined [[Lucknow]]'s Takmeel-ut-Tib College of [[Unani]] medicine (Greek System of Medicine).<ref name=upperstall/> He was a struggling ''[[Hakim (title)|Hakim]]'' when he happened to recite one of his [[ghazal]]s at a ''[[mushaira]]'' in Sultanpur. The ghazal was a hit with the audience and Majrooh decided to drop his fledgling medical practice and began writing poetry seriously. Soon he was a 'regular' at ''[[mushaira]]s'' and a "shagird" i.e. disciple of the then top name in Urdu Mushairas viz [[Jigar Moradabadi]].<ref name="hindi"/><ref name=upperstall>[http://www.upperstall.com/people/majrooh-sultanpuri Majrooh Sultanpuri Profile] upperstall.com website, Retrieved 11 May 2018</ref> While Majrooh is popular as a film lyricist and is widely known in that capacity, be it known that he also created one of the best-known verses of Urdu poetry:

"Main akela hee chala tha janibe manzil magar,
log saath aate gaye aur carvan banta gaya!"
(I set off alone towards the destination but
people joined in and soon it became a caravan!)

==Films==
In 1945, Majrooh visited [[Bombay]] to attend a ''mushaira'' at the Saboo Siddique Institute. Here his ghazals and poetry were highly appreciated by the audience. One of the impressed listeners was film producer [[A.R. Kardar]].<ref name="guru"/> He contacted [[Jigar Moradabadi]] who helped him to meet Majrooh. However, Majrooh refused to write for films because he didn't think very highly of them. But Jigar Moradabadi persuaded him, saying that films would pay well and would help Majrooh to support his family. Kardar then took him to music composer [[Naushad]] who put the young writer to test. He gave Majrooh a tune and asked him to write something in the same metre, and Majrooh wrote ''Jab Usne Gesu Bikhraye, Badal Aaye Jhoom Ke''.... Naushad liked what he wrote and Majrooh was signed on as the lyricist of the film ''Shah Jehan'' (1946).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nQQPV-DtY3s |title=K L saigal -shahjehan-1946-majrooh sultanpuri |publisher=YouTube |access-date=11 May 2018}}</ref><ref name=BBC/> The songs of the film became so immensely popular that singer [[K.L. Saigal]] wanted ''Jab Dil Hi Toot Gaya'' to be played at his funeral.

Majrooh subsequently did films like [[Naatak]] (1947), Doli (1947) and Anjuman (1948) but his major breakthrough came with [[Mehboob Khan]]’s immortal love triangle, [[Andaz (1949 film)|Andaz]] (1949), where he penned hit songs like ''Tu Kahe Agar'', ''Jhoom Jhoom Ke Naacho Aaj'', ''Hum Aaj Kahin Dil Kho Baithe'', ''Toote Na Dil Toote Na'' and ''Uthaye Ja Unke Situm''. Another film of his, where his songs proved extremely popular, was the [[Shaheed Latif]] directed, [[Dilip Kumar]]-[[Kamini Kaushal]] starrer, [[Arzoo (1950 film)|Arzoo]] (1950). ''Ae Dil Mujhe Aisi Jagah Le Chal'' from the film remains one of the finest songs filmed on Dilip Kumar.

He was sentenced to two years imprisonment due to his politically-charged poems in 1949. Having to start his film career afresh, Majrooh finally broke though again with the [[Guru Dutt]] films [[Baaz (1953 film)|Baaz]] (1953) and especially, [[Aar Paar]] (1954). With such successful songs like ''Babuji Dheere Chalna'', ''Kabhi Aar Kabhi Paar'', ''Yeh Lo Main Haari Piya'' and ''Sun Sun Sun Sun Zaalima'' among others, Majrooh was back with a bang. Thereafter, he never had to struggle again. Singer [[Geeta Dutt]] singled out ''Yeh Lo Main Haari Piya'' as among her ten best songs ever in a list she put together in 1957.

The Guru Dutt-Majrooh Sultanpuri-[[O. P. Nayyar]] team went even one better with Dutt’s following film, [[Mr. & Mrs. '55]] (1955). The songs are one of the reasons for the success of the film and numbers like ''Thandi Hawa Kaali Ghata'', ''Udhar Tum Haseen Ho'', ''Jaane Kahan Mera Jigar Gaya Ji'' and ''Chal Diye Banda Nawaz'' were hummed in every nook and corner of the country.

Although Majrooh Sultanpuri worked with all the top music directors of the day – [[Anil Biswas (composer)|Anil Biswas]], Naushad, [[Madan Mohan]], O. P. Nayyar, [[Roshan (music director)|Roshan]], [[Salil Chowdhury]], [[Chitragupt (composer)|Chitragupt]], [[Kalyanji-Anandji]] and [[Laxmikant-Pyarelal]] to name some, his associations with [[S.D. Burman]] stands out resulting in some outstanding songs.

With S.D. Burman, his work in films like [[Paying Guest]] (1957), [[Nau Do Gyarah]] (1957), [[Kala Pani (1958 film)|Kala Pani]] (1958), [[Solva Saal]] (1958), [[Sujata (1959 film)|Sujata]] (1959), [[Bombai Ka Babu]] (1960) and [[Jewel Thief]] (1967) is unforgettable. The list of hit songs he has written is huge as all these films had some extremely finely composed songs set to his writing. Few could match Majrooh and S.D. Burman in light, ‘chhed-chhad’ (playful), romantic songs like ''Chhod Do Aanchal'' (Paying Guest), ''Aankhon Mein Kya Ji'' (Nau Do Gyarah), ''Achha Ji Main Haari Chalo Maan Jaao Na'' (Kala Pani) and ''Deewana Mastana Hua Dil'' (Bombai Ka Babu). But in the same films Majrooh showed just how beautifully he could write serious songs such as ''Chand Phir Nikla'' (Paying Guest), ''Hum Bekhudi Mein Tumko Pukare'' (Kala Pani) and ''Saathi Na Koi Manzil'' (Bombai Ka Babu).

With R.D. Burman, though they did countless films together, his work, particularly, in the frothy [[Nasir Hussain]] musicals of the 1960s, ’70s and early ’80s stands out in films like [[Teesri Manzil]] (1966) – produced by Hussain and directed by [[Vijay Anand (filmmaker)|Vijay Anand]], [[Baharon Ke Sapne]] (1967), [[Pyar Ka Mausam]] (1969), Caravan (1971), [[Yaadon Ki Baaraat]] (1973), [[Hum Kisise Kum Naheen]] (1977) and [[Zamane Ko Dikhana Hai]] (1981).

In the year 1964, the partnership of Majrooh Sultanpuri and [[Laxmikant-Pyarelal]] started through the film [[Dosti]]. Laxmikant–Pyarelal got more out of the veteran Mahrooh in Dosti (1964). It was Majrooh’s award-winning lyrics. Majrooh won his only filmfare award. [[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]] too won their first Filmfare award for the music of [[Dosti]].

Majrooh Sultanpuri and [[Laxmikant-Pyarelal]] worked for nearly 40 films. The Laxmi-Pyare and Majrooh team produced some spectacular, noteworthy albums like ''[[Dillagi (1966 film)|Dillagi]]'' (1966), [[Pathar Ke Sanam]] (1967), [[Shagird]] (1967), [[Mere Hamdam Mere Dost]] (1968), ''[[Dharti Kahe Pukar Ke (1969 film)|Dharti Kahe Pukar Ke]]'' (1969), ''[[Abhinetri (1970 film)|Abhinetri]]'' (1970), V. Shantaram’s classic, dance-musical, [[Jal Bin Machhli Nritya Bin Bijli]] (1971), [[Ek Nazar]] (1972), [[Imtihan]] (1974) and many more.

Majrooh Sultanpuri's few hit songs with [[Laxmikant-Pyarelal]]
'Chahunga Main Tuze' [[Dosti]] 1964, {Ye Aajkal Ke Ladke} ''[[Dillagi (1966 film)|Dillagi]]'' 1966, "Payal Ki Jhankar" [[Mere Lal]], 1966, "Bade Miyan Deewane" and "Dil Wil Pyar Wyar" [[Shagird]], 1967. "Hui Shaam Unka", "Chhalkaye Jaam" and "Chalo Sajana" [[Mere Hamdam Mere Dost]], 1968.“Patthar Ke Sanam”, "Mehboob Mere Mehboob Mere", "Tauba Ye Matwali Chal" and "Batadu Kya Lana" all from [[Patthar Ke Sanam]] 1968. "Ek Tera Saath", [[Wapas]], "Je Hum Tum Chori Se" ''[[Dharti Kahe Pukar Ke (1969 film)|Dharti Kahe Pukar Ke]]'', 1969. "O Ghata Sawari" and "Sa Re Ga Ma Pa" ''[[Abhinetri (1970 film)|Abhinetri]]''. In 1971, two songs from [[V Shantaram]] classic [[Jal Bin Machhli Nritya Bin Bijli]] "O Mitwa O Mitwa","Kajara Laga Ke" and [[Mukesh]] classic "Taron Na Sajkę"."Rook Jana Nahin" and "Roz Sham Aati Thi",[[Imtihan]] 1974.

He continued writing ever so youthful songs even for the next generation – for Hussain’s son, [[Mansoor Khan]], in the latter’s films like [[Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak]] (1988) and [[Jo Jeeta Wohi Sikander]] (1992).

Among the last films he wrote for was the [[Shah Rukh Khan]] starrer [[One 2 Ka 4]] released after his death in 2001.

==Political leanings==
Film ''Shah Jehan'' (1946) was followed by S. Fazil's ''Mehndi'', Doli (1947), [[Mehboob Khan|Mehboob]]'s Andaz (1949) and [[Shaheed Latif]]'s ''Arzoo''. Just as Majrooh was establishing himself as a lyricist and songwriter of repute, his leftist leanings got him into trouble. The government wasn't amused by his anti-establishment poems and he was jailed in 1949 along with other leftists like [[Balraj Sahni]]. Majrooh's arrest took place during a nationwide arrest of communists after the [[2nd Congress of the Communist Party of India]] in which the communists had decided to carry out a revolution against the Indian government.<ref name="Windmiller">{{cite book|author=Marshall Windmiller|title=Communism in India|year=2011|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PAFBW743Bi4C&pg=PA229|publisher=University of California Press|pages=229, 270–274|id=GGKEY:NSY99CAKNFU}}</ref> Majrooh was asked to apologise, but he refused and was sentenced to two years in prison.<ref name=upperstall/> While he was in prison, his eldest daughter was born. During this time his family experienced considerable financial difficulties. [[Raj Kapoor]] commissioned a song ("Ek Din Bik Jayega Maati Ke Mol") from Majrooh for his 1975 film [[Dharam Karam]] which he paid him Rs. 1000 for the song.

Majrooh's political beliefs were further manifested when his second daughter married the son of the Urdu writer and socialist [[Zoe Ansari]]. Toward the end both Majrooh and Zoe Ansari were disenchanted with the direction socialism had taken in the Soviet Union and China. Their desire to better the lives of the masses found an outlet in their writings.

== Awards and recognitions ==
[[File:Majrooh Sultanpuri 2013 stamp of India.jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|Sultanpuri on a 2013 stamp of India]]
Majrooh went on to write lyrics for popular films throughout the 1956s. Along with [[Faiz Ahmed Faiz]], [[Khumar Barabankvi]] Majrooh was considered the most notable ghazal writer.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.saregama.com/search/song?s=Majrooh%20Sultanpuri |title=Film songs of Majrooh Sultanpuri |publisher=saregama.com |access-date=11 May 2018}}</ref> Majrooh won his only [[Filmfare Best Lyricist Award]] for the song "Chahunga Mein Tujhe Saanj Savere" from ''[[Dosti]]''.
He was also awarded the [[Dadasaheb Phalke Award]] in 1993.<ref name=BBC/> He was the first lyricist to win the prestigious award named after [[Dadasaheb Phalke]].<ref name="hindi"/><ref name=upperstall/>

== Association with Nasir Hussain ==
Majrooh and [[Nasir Hussain]] first collaborated on the 1957 film ''[[Paying Guest]]'', which Nasir wrote. After Nasir turned director and later producer they went on to collaborate in several films, all of which had huge hits and are some of Majrooh's best remembered works:
* ''[[Tumsa Nahin Dekha (1957 film)|Tumsa Nahin Dekha]]'' (1957)
* ''[[Dil Deke Dekho]]'' (1959)
* ''[[Phir Wohi Dil Laya Hoon]]'' (1963)
* ''[[Teesri Manzil]]'' (1966)<ref name=upperstall/>
* ''[[Baharon Ke Sapne]]'' (1967)
* ''[[Pyar Ka Mausam]]'' (1969)
* ''[[Caravan (1971 film)|Caravan]]'' (1971) (includes the song "[[Piya Tu Ab To Aaja]]")
* ''[[Yaadon Ki Baraat]]'' (1973)
* ''[[Hum Kisise Kum Naheen]]'' (1977)<ref name=upperstall/>
* ''[[Zamane Ko Dikhana Hai]]'' (1981)
* ''[[Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak]]'' (1988)
* ''[[Jo Jeeta Wohi Sikander]]'' (1992)
* ''[[Akele Hum Akele Tum]]'' (1995)

Majrooh also was instrumental in introducing [[Rahul Dev Burman|R.D. Burman]] to Nasir Hussain for ''Teesri Manzil''.<ref>[http://www.panchamonline.com/articles/thatsmytune.pdf An interview with R.D. Burman on panchamonline.com website] Published 16 June 1984, Retrieved 11 May 2018</ref> The trio worked in seven of the above-mentioned films from 1966 to 1981. Burman went on to work in two more films subsequent to ''Zamane Ko Dikhana Hai''.

== Death ==
Majrooh Sultanpuri had been suffering from lung disease for some time and had a severe attack of [[pneumonia]] and died in [[Mumbai]] on 24 May 2000.<ref name=BBC>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/763291.stm |title=Hindi film songwriter dies |access-date=11 May 2018 |date=25 May 2000 |work=[[BBC News]]}}</ref> He was aged 80 at the time of his death. The Municipal Corporation of [[Sultanpur, Uttar Pradesh|Sultanpur]] built a garden "Majrooh Sultanpuri Udyaan" in his memory near diwani chauraha.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Majrooh Sultanpuri}}
* {{IMDb name|0538281}}
* [http://www.kavitakosh.org/kk/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B9_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80 Majrooh Sultanpuri at Kavita Kosh] (Hindi)
*[https://rekhta.org/poets/majrooh-sultanpuri Majrooh Sultanpuri at rekhta.org website]

{{Dadasaheb Phalke Award}}
{{FilmfareAwardBestLyricist}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sultanpuri, Majrooh}}
[[Category:1919 births]]
[[Category:2000 deaths]]
[[Category:Urdu-language poets from India]]
[[Category:Indian lyricists]]
[[Category:People from Sultanpur, Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards winners]]
[[Category:Dadasaheb Phalke Award recipients]]
[[Category:Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:Indian male poets]]
[[Category:Poets from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]

Majrooh Sultanpuri - Revision history

Swastikholidays: expanded content

WikiDwarfBOT: Cleanup:

imported>Fjeinca at 03:06, 16 August 2021