Maithili language - Revision history

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	'''Maithili''' ({{IPAc-en\|ˈ\|m\|aɪ\|t\|ᵻ\|l\|i}};<ref>{{OED\|Maithili}}</ref> ''Maithilī'' {{IPA-mai\|ˈməi̯tʰɪli\|}}) is an [[Indo-Aryan language]] native to the [[Indian subcontinent]], mainly spoken in [[India]] and [[Nepal]]. In India, it is spoken in the [[Indian states\|states]] of [[Bihar]] and [[Jharkhand]] and is one of the 22 [[Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India\|recognised]] [[languages of India\|Indian languages]].<ref name="mha.nic.in">{{Cite web \|url=http://mha.nic.in/hindi/sites/upload_files/mhahindi/files/pdf/Eighth_Schedule.pdf \|title=Archived copy \|access-date=27 June 2018 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305010536/http://mha.nic.in/hindi/sites/upload_files/mhahindi/files/pdf/Eighth_Schedule.pdf \|archive-date=5 March 2016 \|url-status=dead }}</ref~~><ref name="Archived copy" /><ref name="m.livehindustan.com"/~~> In Nepal, it is spoken in the eastern [[Terai]] and is the second most prevalent language of Nepal.<ref>{{Cite news\|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/country/NP/languages\|title=Nepal\|work=Ethnologue\|access-date=17 July 2018\|language=en}}</ref><ref name=Sah2013>{{cite journal \|author=Sah, K. K. \|year=2013 \|title=Some perspectives on Maithili \|journal=Nepalese Linguistics \|issue=28 \|pages=179–188 }}</ref> [[Tirhuta]] was formerly the primary script for written Maithili. Less commonly, it was also written in the local variant of [[Kaithi]].<ref>{{cite book \|author=Brass, P. R. \|year=2005 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SylBHS8IJAUC&pg=PP1 \|title=Language, Religion and Politics in North India \|publisher=iUniverse \|location=Lincoln \|access-date=1 April 2017 \|isbn=0-595-34394-5 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180511082055/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=SylBHS8IJAUC&lpg=PA67&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=false \|archive-date=11 May 2018 }}</ref> Today it is written in the [[Devanagari]] script.<ref name=Yadava2013>Yadava, Y. P. (2013). Linguistic context and language endangerment in Nepal. [http://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/nepling/pdf/Nep_Ling_28.pdf Nepalese Linguistics 28] {{webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303231341/http://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/nepling/pdf/Nep_Ling_28.pdf \|date=3 March 2016 }}: 262–274.</ref>		'''Maithili''' ({{IPAc-en\|ˈ\|m\|aɪ\|t\|ᵻ\|l\|i}};<ref>{{OED\|Maithili}}</ref> ''Maithilī'' {{IPA-mai\|ˈməi̯tʰɪli\|}}) is an [[Indo-Aryan language]] native to the [[Indian subcontinent]], mainly spoken in [[India]] and [[Nepal]]. In India, it is spoken in the [[Indian states\|states]] of [[Bihar]] and [[Jharkhand]] and is one of the 22 [[Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India\|recognised]] [[languages of India\|Indian languages]].<ref name="Archived copy" /><ref name="m.livehindustan.com"/><ref name="mha.nic.in">{{Cite web \|url=http://mha.nic.in/hindi/sites/upload_files/mhahindi/files/pdf/Eighth_Schedule.pdf \|title=Archived copy \|access-date=27 June 2018 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305010536/http://mha.nic.in/hindi/sites/upload_files/mhahindi/files/pdf/Eighth_Schedule.pdf \|archive-date=5 March 2016 \|url-status=dead }}</ref> In Nepal, it is spoken in the eastern [[Terai]] and is the second most prevalent language of Nepal.<ref>{{Cite news\|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/country/NP/languages\|title=Nepal\|work=Ethnologue\|access-date=17 July 2018\|language=en}}</ref><ref name=Sah2013>{{cite journal \|author=Sah, K. K. \|year=2013 \|title=Some perspectives on Maithili \|journal=Nepalese Linguistics \|issue=28 \|pages=179–188 }}</ref> [[Tirhuta]] was formerly the primary script for written Maithili. Less commonly, it was also written in the local variant of [[Kaithi]].<ref>{{cite book \|author=Brass, P. R. \|year=2005 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SylBHS8IJAUC&pg=PP1 \|title=Language, Religion and Politics in North India \|publisher=iUniverse \|location=Lincoln \|access-date=1 April 2017 \|isbn=0-595-34394-5 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180511082055/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=SylBHS8IJAUC&lpg=PA67&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=false \|archive-date=11 May 2018 }}</ref> Today it is written in the [[Devanagari]] script.<ref name=Yadava2013>Yadava, Y. P. (2013). Linguistic context and language endangerment in Nepal. [http://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/nepling/pdf/Nep_Ling_28.pdf Nepalese Linguistics 28] {{webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303231341/http://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/nepling/pdf/Nep_Ling_28.pdf \|date=3 March 2016 }}: 262–274.</ref>

	==Official status==		==Official status==

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	==Origin and history==		==Origin and history==
	The name Maithili is derived from the word [[Mithila (ancient)\|Mithila]], an ancient kingdom of which King [[Janaka]] was the ruler (see [[Ramayana]]). Maithili is also one of the names of [[Sita]], the wife of King [[Rama]] and daughter of King [[Janaka]]. Scholars in Mithila used Sanskrit for their literary work and Maithili was the language of the common folk ([[Abahatta]]).		The name Maithili is derived from the word [[Mithila (ancient)\|Mithila]], an ancient kingdom of which King [[Janaka]] was the ruler (see [[Ramayana]]). Maithili is also one of the names of [[Sita]], the wife of King [[Rama]] and daughter of King [[Janaka]]. Scholars in Mithila used Sanskrit for their literary work and Maithili was the language of the common folk ([[Abahatta]]).{{cn}}

	The beginning of Maithili language and literature can be traced back to the '[[Charyapada]]s', a form of Buddhist mystical verses, composed during the period of 700-1300 AD. These padas were written in [[Twilight language\|Sandhya bhasa]] by several Siddhas who belonged to [[Vajrayana Buddhism]] and were scattered throughout the territory of [[Assam]], [[Bengal]], [[Bihar]] and [[Odisha]]. Several of Siddas were from Mithila region such as Kanhapa, Sarhapa etc. Prominent scholars like [[Rahul Sankrityayan\|Rahul Sankrityanan]], Subhadra Jha and [[Jayakant Mishra]] provided evidences and proved that the language of [[Charyapada]] is ancient Maithili or proto Maithili.<ref>{{Cite book \|url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.135722 \|title=A History Of Maithili Literature \|volume=1 \|last=Mishra\|first=J. \|date=1949}}</ref>		The beginning of Maithili language and literature can be traced back to the '[[Charyapada]]s', a form of Buddhist mystical verses, composed during the period of 700-1300 AD. These padas were written in [[Twilight language\|Sandhya bhasa]] by several Siddhas who belonged to [[Vajrayana Buddhism]] and were scattered throughout the territory of [[Assam]], [[Bengal]], [[Bihar]] and [[Odisha]]. Several of Siddas were from Mithila region such as Kanhapa, Sarhapa etc. Prominent scholars like [[Rahul Sankrityayan\|Rahul Sankrityanan]], Subhadra Jha and [[Jayakant Mishra]] provided evidences and proved that the language of [[Charyapada]] is ancient Maithili or proto Maithili.<ref>{{Cite book \|url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.135722 \|title=A History Of Maithili Literature \|volume=1 \|last=Mishra\|first=J. \|date=1949}}</ref>

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{{Infobox language
|name =Maithili
|nativename =मैथिली, মৈথিলী
|image = Maithili.svg
|states =[[India]], [[Madhesh]] and [[Nepal]]
|nation = {{NEP|Nepal}} Interim Constitution 2007<br/>[[India]] 8th schedule of Constitution of India, [[Bihar]]
|region = Northern [[Bihar]], [[Madhesh]],[[Nepal]]
|ethnicity = [[Maithil]]
|speakers = {{sigfig|34.7|1}} million
|date = 2000–2001
|ref = e16
|familycolor =Indo-European
|fam2 =[[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo-Iranian]]
|fam3 =[[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]]
|fam4 =[[Eastern Indo-Aryan languages|Eastern]]
|fam5 =[[Bihari languages|Bihari]]
|script =[[Tirhuta]] ([[Mithilakshar]])<br />[[Kaithi]] (Maithili style)<br />[[Devanagari script|Devanagari]]
|dia1 = Central (Sotipura)
|dia4 = Dehati
|dia3 = [[Khortha dialect|Khortha]] (Eastern)
|dia5 = Jolaha
|dia6 = Kisan
|dia7 = Southern
|dia8 = Thetiya
|dia2 = Western
|iso2 =mai
|iso3 =mai
|glotto=mait1250
|glottorefname=Maithili
}}
{{InterWiki|code=mai}}
'''Maithili''' ({{lang-ne|मैथिली}}; {{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|aɪ|t|ᵻ|l|i}};<ref>{{OED|Maithili}}</ref> ''Maithilī'') is an [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan language]]. It is spoken in [[Nepal]] and northern [[India]]. It is spoken by 34.7 million people. Of those, 2.8 million are [[Nepal]]ese people. It is the second largest national language of Nepal.<ref name=e16b>Lewis, M. P. (ed.) (2009). [http://archive.ethnologue.com/16/show_language.asp?code=mai Maithili] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130922005007/http://archive.ethnologue.com/16/show_language.asp?code=mai |date=2013-09-22 }} Ethnologue: Languages of the World. Sixteenth edition. Dallas, Texas: SIL International.</ref> In ancient times, Maithili language was written in [[Mithilakshar]].<ref name=Yadava2013>Yadava, Y. P. (2013). Linguistic context and language endangerment in Nepal. Nepalese Linguistics 28: 262–274.</ref> Now it is written in [[Devanagari]] script.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{asia-stub}}

[[Category:Indo-Aryan languages]]
[[Category:Languages of India]]
[[Category:Languages of Nepal]]