Maithili Sharan Gupt - Revision history

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{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox writer 
| name = Maithili Sharan Gupt
| image = Maithili Sharan Gupt 1974 stamp of India.jpg
| pseudonym =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1886|8|3|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[darbhanga district|Chirgaon]], [[North-Western Provinces]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{Death date|1964|12|12|df=y}} (aged 78)
| death_place = [[India]]
| occupation = [[Poet]], [[politician]], [[dramatist]], [[translator]]
| nationality = [[India]]n
| citizenship =
| education = Macdonal High School Jhansi
| alma_mater =
| period =
| genre =
| subject =
| movement =
| notableworks =
| spouse = Shrimati Sarju Devi
| partner =
| children = Urmil Charan gupt
| relatives = Siyaramsharan Gupt
| awards = [[Padma Bhushan]] {{small|(1954)}}
| signature =
| website =
| portaldisp =
| ethnicity =
| influences =
| influenced =
|module = {{Infobox officeholder
|embed = yes
| office = Member of Parliament, [[Rajya Sabha]]<br>{{small|(Nominated)}}
| termstart = 3 April 1952
| termend = 2 April 1964
}}
}}

'''Maithili Sharan Gupt''' (3 August 1886 – 12 December 1964<ref name=":0" />) was one of the most important modern [[Hindi]] poets.<ref>Sanjeev Chandan (4 August 2009) [https://web.archive.org/web/20110811031702/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-08-04/nagpur/28157631_1_premchand-hindi-literature-anthropologists 'Anthropologists' work inspired by Premchand']. ''Times of India''.</ref> He is considered one among the pioneers of ''[[Khariboli|Khari Boli]]'' (plain dialect) poetry and wrote in [[Khari Boli]] dialect,<ref name=":0" /> at a time when most Hindi poets favoured the use of [[Braj Bhasha]] dialect.<ref name="SnellRaeside1998">{{cite book | author1=Rupert Snell | author2=Ian Raeside | title=Classics of Modern South Asian Literature | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X9KbhnDC6FAC&pg=PA240 | year=1998 | publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag | isbn=978-3-447-04058-7 | pages=240–}}</ref> He was a recipient of the third highest (then second highest) Indian civilian honour of [[Padma Bhushan]].<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web|url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |title=Padma Awards |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India |date=2015 |access-date=21 July 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |archive-date=15 October 2015 }}</ref> For his book Bharat-Bharati (1912),<ref>[http://www.jagran.com/sahitya/literary-works-3283.html राष्ट्रकवि व उनकी भारत भारती, जागरण, Oct 15, 2012]</ref> widely quoted during India's freedom struggle, he was given the title of Rashtra Kavi<ref name=":0" /> by [[Mahatma Gandhi]].

== Early life ==
He was born in [[Chirgaon]], [[Jhansi]] in [[Uttar Pradesh]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=स्पर्श (भाग 2)|publisher=NCERT|isbn=81-7450-647-0|pages=18|language=hi|chapter=मनुष्यता|chapter-url=http://ncertbooks.prashanthellina.com/class_10.Hindi.Sparsh/K-4.pdf}}</ref> in the Kankane clan of the [[Gahoi Vaishya ]] [[ Baniya ]] community in a family that was once a wealthy zamidar family, but the wealth was lost by the time he was born.<ref>Shri hargovind, "Dadda Ki Chhaya Me", in Raashhtarkavi Maithiliisharana Gupt Abhinandan Granth, Ed. Agravaal Vaasudevasharana, 1959, Raashhtarkavi Maithiliisharana Gupt Abhinandan Committee Calcutta, p. 101.</ref> His father was Seth Ramcharan Gupta<ref name=":0" /> and mother's name was Kashibai. Both his father and his brother Shearamsharan Gupta were prominent poets.<ref name=":0" /> He disliked school as a child, so his father arranged for his education at their home.<ref name=":0" /> As a child, Gupt studied [[Sanskrit]], [[English language|English]] and [[Bengali language|Bengali]].<ref name=":0" /> [[Mahavir Prasad Dwivedi]] was his mentor. He married in 1895.<ref>Rishi jaimini Kaushik Barua, "Ikhattara Varshon ki Abhinandaniya Gatha", in Raashhtarkavi Maithiliisharana Gupt Abhinandan Granth, Ed. Agravaal Vaasudevasharana, 1959, Raashhtarkavi Maithiliisharana Gupt Abhinandan Committee Calcutta, p. 150.</ref>

== Literary works ==
Gupt entered the world of Hindi literature by writing poems in various magazines, including ''[[Saraswati (magazine)|Saraswati]]''. In 1910, his first major work, ''Rang mein Bhang'' was published by Indian Press. With ''Bharat Bharati'', his nationalist poems became popular among Indians, who were struggling for independence. Most of his poems revolve around plots from [[Ramayana]],<ref name=":0" /> [[Mahabharata]], [[Buddhist]] stories and the lives of famous religious leaders. His famous work ''Saket'' revolves around [[Urmila (Ramayana)|Urmila]], wife of [[Lakshmana]], from [[Ramayana]], while another of his works ''Yashodhara'' revolves around [[Yashodhara]], the wife of [[Gautama Buddha]].{{Citation needed|date= June 2012}}

प्राण न पागल हो तुम यों, पृथ्वी पर वह प्रेम कहाँ..

मोहमयी छलना भर है, भटको न अहो अब और यहाँ..

ऊपर को निरखो अब तो बस मिलता है चिरमेल वहाँ..

=== Creative style ===

His works are based along patriotic themes,<ref name=":0" /> among others poets such as [[Ramdhari Singh Dinkar]] and [[Makhanlal Chaturvedi]]. His poetry is characterized by non-rhyming couplets in Khadi Boli. Although the couplet structure is non rhyming, the prominent use of [[alliterations]] lends a rhythmic backdrop due to the rhythmic alterations between vowels and consonants. He was a religious man, and this can be seen in his works.<ref name=":0" />

=== Major works ===
'''Poetry''':
* ''Saket''<ref name=":0" />
* ''Rang mein Bhang''
* ''Matrubhumi''
* ''Bharat-Bharati''
* ''Jayadrath Vadh''<ref name=":0" />
* ''Vikat Bhat''
* ''Plassey ka Yuddha''
* ''Gurukul''
* ''Kisan''
* ''Panchavati''
* ''Nirjhar''
* ''Yashodhara''<ref name=":0" />
* ''Manushyata''
* ''Kirano ka khel''

== Political career ==
After India got independence in 1947, he was also made an honorary member of the [[Rajya Sabha]], where he used poetry to put his opinions before the other members. He remained a member of the Rajya Sabha till his death in 1964. He was awarded Padma Bhushan in 1954.{{citation needed|date=August 2018}}

==See also==
* [[List of Hindi-language poets]]

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.kavitakosh.org/kk/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4 Maithili Sharan Gupt at Kavita Kosh]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070220232610/http://www.geeta-kavita.com/article.asp?article=list_poems#maithali Three poems of the poet from Bharat Bharati are available for readers at www.geeta-kavita.com]

{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 1954–59}}

{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gupt, Maithili Sharan}}
[[Category:1886 births]]
[[Category:1965 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:Hindi-language poets]]
[[Category:People from Jhansi district]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in literature & education]]
[[Category:Nominated members of the Rajya Sabha|M]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian translators]]
[[Category:Translators to Hindustani]]
[[Category:Hindi-language writers]]
[[Category:Translators of Omar Khayyám]]
[[Category:Poets from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Rashtrakavi]]
[[Category:Indian male poets]]