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[[Image:Mahatma Gandhi District in Houston Texas.JPG|thumb|right|Placards such as this one were placed above street signs at the district's official naming ceremony on January 16, 2010.]]

The '''Mahatma Gandhi District''' (popularly known as '''Hillcroft''' or occasionally '''Little India''') is an [[ethnic enclave]] in [[Houston, Texas]], United States, named after [[Mahatma Gandhi]], consisting predominantly of Indian and Pakistani restaurants including [[Patel Brothers]] and shops and having a large [[South Asian]] population. The area is commonly referred to by locals as "Hillcroft," after Hillcroft Avenue, a major thoroughfare which houses much of the Mahatma Gandhi district.

==History==
[[File:RajaSweets.jpg|thumb|left|Raja Sweets]]
In 1983 Rupa Vyas, owner of Indian-American grocery store Jay Stores, moved the store from Rice Village to the Hillcroft area.<ref>Yip, Pamela. "Indian grocer achieved success despite her lack of knowledge about the world of business." (Archive) [[Houston Chronicle]]. March 21, 1993. Retrieved on January 29, 2017.</ref> Soon after, in 1985, the Gahunias, an [[Indian American]] family, opened Raja Sweets.<ref name="Shilcut2">Shilcut, Katharine. "Little India." ''[[Houston Press]]''. Wednesday May 25, 2011. [http://www.houstonpress.com/2011-05-26/restaurants/little-india/2/ 2]. Retrieved on May 26, 2011.</ref> The founder of the business was Joginder "Yogi" Gahunia (died 2002).<ref>LaRotta, p. 33.</ref> Within a three-year period, India Grocers opened a location in the area.<ref>Watts, Leslie. "Take a tour of Houston's ethnic grocery stores for a taste of foreign foods and cultures." (Archive) [[Houston Chronicle]]. October 7, 1988. Retrieved on January 29, 2017.</ref> As time passed, more and more Indian American and Pakistani American businesses moved to the area. Existing Indian American businesses in the area expanded.<ref name="Shilcut3">Shilcut, Katharine. "Little India." ''[[Houston Press]]''. Wednesday May 25, 2011. [http://www.houstonpress.com/2011-05-26/restaurants/little-india/3/ 3]. Retrieved on May 26, 2011.</ref>

While being made up of Indian shops and having a large Indian population for a long time, it was not officially named until January 16, 2010 when the City of Houston held a naming ceremony.<ref name="MorenoCelebrates">Moreno, Jenalia. "[http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/metropolitan/6818599.html Signs of identity]." ([http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/metropolitan/6818599.html Archive]) ''[[Houston Chronicle]]''. January 16, 2010. Retrieved on January 28, 2010.</ref> The [[Mayor of Houston]], [[Annise Parker]], and the [[Consulate-General of India in Houston|Consul General of India in Houston]], Sanjiv Arora, announced the name change. The [[Indian American]] community proposed marking the area as a South Asian enclave for a seven-year period until the founding of the Gandhi District.<ref>"[http://www.thehindu.com/news/international/article94986.ece Now Houston has a Mahatma Gandhi district]." ''[[The Hindu]]''. January 26, 2010. Retrieved on January 28, 2010.</ref> The India Culture Center and several South Asian merchants originally wanted to rename a stretch of [[Hillcroft Avenue]] to Mahatma Gandhi Avenue; however that required signatures of 75% of commercial property owners of the given part of the street. Manisha Gandhi Mehta, a spokesperson for the opening event that was held on January 16, 2010, said that the organizers of the district found difficulty in getting non-South Asian merchants to agree to the renaming of the street. In 2009 the head members of the India Culture Center and several South Asian merchants agreed to pay $10,000 for the street signage that designates the area as the district.<ref name="MorenoCelebrates"/>

==Cityscape==
The district is along Hillcroft Avenue, bordered by [[U.S. Highway 59]] (Southwest Freeway) to the south and the [[Westpark Tollway]] to the north. Katharine Shilcut of the ''[[Houston Press]]'' said that "[t]he three roads combine in such a way as to form a little triangle within the tangle of streets and strip malls,[...]"<ref name="Shilcut1">Shilcut, Katharine. "Little India." ''[[Houston Press]]''. Wednesday May 25, 2011. [http://www.houstonpress.com/2011-05-26/restaurants/little-india/ 1]. Retrieved on May 26, 2011.</ref> Aku Patel, the owner of Karat 22, a jewelry store, said that continued development along Hillcroft was going to happen, but that the district would find difficulty in expanding to the other side of [[U.S. Highway 59]] (Southwest Freeway) because a large [[Hispanic and Latino American]] population is already there. Patel said that instead the district will expand along Harwin Drive in an east-west direction.<ref name="Shilcut4">Shilcut, Katharine. "Little India." ''[[Houston Press]]''. Wednesday May 25, 2011. [http://www.houstonpress.com/2011-05-26/restaurants/little-india/4/ 4]. Retrieved on May 27, 2011.</ref>

Shilcut said that the Gandhi District's central location within the City of Houston, the district's increased visibility, and the increase in [[Greater Houston]]'s [[Indian American]] and [[Pakistani American]] population caused the district to prosper.<ref name="Shilcut1"/> Yatin Patel, a [[Indians in Zambia|Zambian-born ethnic Indian]] who is the owner of India Grocers, said in a 2011 ''[[Houston Press]]'' article that originally the Gandhi district did not have a significant Indian-American presence and consisted of several Indian stores and restaurants.<ref name="Shilcut3"/>

==Economy==
Since the Indian and Pakistani businesses moved to the district, it became a center for the sale of [[Indian cuisine]], [[Bollywood]] films, [[sari]]s, and gold jewelry. Katharine Shilcutt of the ''[[Houston Press]]'' said that the high education and income levels of Indian Americans caused businesses in the district to thrive. Shilcut added that "it was clear the rest of the city had taken note" when the district received its formal name.<ref name="Shilcut1"/> Lynn Ghose Cabrera, the cofounder of "Desi Living," a blog covering [[Greater Houston]]'s South Asian diaspora, said that "If you talk to longtime Houston Desi residents, they'll tell you that the establishment of the Hillcroft area as the 'Gandhi District' is a milestone. It's one signifier among many that as a community, we've come of age."<ref name="Shilcut1"/>

Yatin Patel said in a 2011 ''[[Houston Press]]'' article that as of that year, about 20–25% of his business originates from people who are not ethnic Indians. He attributes the increased business from non-Indians to the increased proliferation and exposure of Indian cuisine in the United States and his store's Caribbean and English products. Sharan Gahunia, a member of the Gahunia family, said that by 2011 Raja Sweets had a lot of [[African American]], [[Chinese American]], and [[Hispanic and Latino American|Latino American]] customers even though her restaurant does not [[Americanize]] the food.<ref name="Shilcut3"/> After the owners of Raja Sweets decided that they needed to designate a day off and the restaurant began closing on Tuesdays,<ref name="Shilcut45">Shilcut, Katharine. "Little India." ''[[Houston Press]]''. Wednesday May 25, 2011. [http://www.houstonpress.com/2011-05-26/restaurants/little-india/4/ 4]-[http://www.houstonpress.com/2011-05-26/restaurants/little-india/5/ 5]. Retrieved on May 27, 2011.</ref> other Indian restaurants on Hillcroft began closing on Tuesdays.<ref name="Shilcut5">Shilcut, Katharine. "Little India." ''[[Houston Press]]''. Wednesday May 25, 2011. [http://www.houstonpress.com/2011-05-26/restaurants/little-india/5/ 5]. Retrieved on May 27, 2011.</ref>

In 2016 Emma Green of ''[[The Atlantic]]'' wrote that due to high levels of competition, restaurants tended to focus on employing other family members.<ref>{{cite web|author=Green, Emma|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2016/04/houston-hillcroft-mahatma-gandhi-district/478137/|title=South Asia in South Texas|work=[[The Atlantic]]|date=2016-04-18|access-date=2019-08-07}}</ref>

==Institutions==
The India Culture Center is in the district.<ref>{{cite web|author=Hagerty, Michael|url=https://www.houstonpublicmedia.org/articles/shows/houston-matters/2019/07/09/338877/gandhi-district-serves-as-a-focal-point-for-south-asian-culture/|title=Gandhi District Serves As A Focal Point For South Asian Culture|work=[[Houston Public Media]]|date=2019-07-09|access-date=2019-07-12}}</ref>

==Legacy==
[[Mayor of Houston]] [[Annise Parker]] designated January 16, 2010 as "Mahatma Gandhi District Day".<ref>LaRotta, p. 35.</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Stripmall in the Mahatma Gandhi District of Houston2.JPG|A strip-mall in the Mahatma Gandhi District - The Olympic Center with ample Indian and Pakistani retail shops and restaurants.
File:The Olympic Center 1.JPG|The Olympic Center 6600 Southwest Freeway Houston, TX 77074
File:The Olympic Center.jpg|The Olympic Center 6600 Southwest Freeway Houston, TX 77074
File:The Plaza @ Hillcroft & Hawrin - (hillcroft st).JPG|The Plaza @ Hillcroft & Hawrin5711 Hillcroft St. Houston, TX 77036
File:Plaza & Hillcroft & Harwin - (harwin st).JPG|The Plaza @ Hillcroft & Hawrin5711 Hillcroft St. Houston, TX 77036
File:The Plaza @ Hillcrof & Hawrin Pylon.jpg|The Plaza @ Hillcroft & Hawrin5711 Hillcroft St. Houston, TX 77036
</gallery>

==See also==
{{Portal|Texas|India|Pakistan}}
* [[Asian Americans in Houston]]
* [[History of the Pakistani Americans in Houston]]

==References==
* {{cite journal|url=https://houstonhistorymagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/13.1-Asian-Americns-final-lite.pdf|title=Asian Americans in Houston: A Kaleidoscope of Cultures|work=[[Houston History]]|publisher=[[University of Houston]] Center for Public History|volume=13|issue=1|date=Fall 2015}}
** {{cite journal|author=La Rotta, Alex|title=Pass the Naan: The Story of Houston’s Mahatma Gandhi District|pages=33-35}}

===Reference list===
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://southwestmanagementdistrict.org/south-asia South Asia] - [[Southwest Management District]]
{{Mohandas K. Gandhi}}
{{Southwest Management District}}
{{Houston, Texas|state=expanded}}

{{coord|29.720|-95.501|region:US-TX|display=title}}

[[Category:Asian-American culture in Houston]]
[[Category:Ethnic enclaves in Texas]]
[[Category:Indian-American culture in Texas]]
[[Category:Little Indias]]
[[Category:Neighborhoods in Houston]]
[[Category:Pakistani-American culture in Texas]]
[[Category:Restaurant districts and streets in the United States]]

Mahatma Gandhi District, Houston - Revision history

imported>Ichnogram: Undid revision 1033540516 by 2405:201:12:A003:E427:C27C:496E:2889 (possible vandalism)