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{{Short description|Temple of Shakti}}
{{More citations needed|date=September 2015}}
{{EngvarB|date=May 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple
| name = Mahalakshmi temple of Kolhapur
| image = File:Ambabai Mandir.png
| alt =
| caption =
| map_type = India Maharashtra
| map_caption = Location in [[Maharashtra]]
| coordinates = {{coord|16|42|00|N|74|14|00|E|type:landmark_region:IN-MH|display=inline,title}}
| country = [[India]]
| state = [[Maharashtra]]
| district = [[Kolhapur district|Kolhapur]]
| locale = Bhavani Mandap,Mahadwar Road, Kolhapur.
| elevation_m =
| deity = [[Mahalakshmi]]
| other_names = Bhuvaneshwari, Ambabai, Durga
| festivals = Kirnotsav, Rathotsav, Lalita Panchami, Navratri
| temple_quantity =
| monument_quantity=
| inscriptions =
| year_completed = 7th century
| creator = Karndeva, [[Chalukya dynasty|Chalukya Empire]]
| temple_board = Paschim Maharashtra Devasthan Samiti
| website =
|architecture_style = [[Hemadpanti architecture]]
|tradition =
|native_name=
}}
'''Mahalakshmi Temple''' (also known as '''Ambabai Mandir'''), is an important [[Hindu temple]] dedicated to Goddess [[Mahalakshmi]] and is located in the heart of ancient city of [[Kolhapur]], Maharashtra, India. It is one of 51 shaktipeeths according to [[Devi Purana]], one of 18 Mahashaktipeeths as per Sankar Samhita of [[Skanda Purana]] and Ashta Dasa Shakti Peetha Stotram.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=|url=https://archive.org/details/AbiramiammanSthalaPuranam|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Ashtadash Shakti Peeth Stotram|url=http://www.hindupedia.com/en/Ashta_Dasa_Shakti_Peetha_Stotram|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref> She is the Mulaprakriti Mahālakshmī Devī described in the Shakta text - Prādhānika Rahasya and Vaishnava [[Pancharatra]] text - [[Lakshmi Tantra]]. Lakshmi Sahasranama of [[Skanda Purana]] also describes Goddess [[Lakshmi]] as "Karaveera Nivasini" (The Goddess Who lives in Karaveera/Kolhapur).

==Legend and Interpretations==

==Description==
[[File:Mahalakshmi temple, Kolahpur.JPG|thumb|Shri Mahalakshmi Temple, Kolhapur.]]
The temple of the goddess Mahalakshmi was built by karndeva in 634 C.E Chalukya reign. Mounted on a stone platform, the ''[[murti]]'' of the crowned goddess is made of gemstone and weighs about 40 kilograms. The image of Mahalakshmi carved in black stone is 3 feet in height. The [[Sri Chakra|Shri Yantra]] is carved on one of the walls in the temple. A stone lion (the [[vahana]] of the goddess), stands behind the statue. The crown contains a five headed snake. Further, she holds a Matulinga fruit, mace, shield and a pānapātra (drinking bowl). In Lakshmi Sahasranama of Skanda Purana, Goddess [[Lakshmi]] is praised as "Om Karaveera Nivasiniye Namaha" means "Glory to the Goddess who lives in Karaveera" and as "Om Sesha Vasuki Samsevyaa Namaha" means "Glory to Goddess who is served by [[Adi Sesha]] and [[Vasuki]]". They are the 119th and 698th names of Lakshmi in Lakshmi Sahasranama. This is also the description mentioned in the Rahasya of [[Devi Mahatmya]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rahasya Thrayam I- Pradhanika Rahasyam - Hindupedia, the Hindu Encyclopedia|url=http://www.hindupedia.com/en/Rahasya_Thrayam_I-_Pradhanika_Rahasyam|access-date=2021-05-08|website=www.hindupedia.com}}</ref> Professor Prabhakar Malshe says, "The name of Karaveera is still locally used to denote the city of Kolhapur".<ref>{{cite book|title=Kolhapur: A Study in Urban Geography|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1gw8AAAAMAAJ|page=3|author=Prabhakar T. Malshe|publisher=University of Poona|year=1974}}</ref> Unlike most [[Hindu]] sacred images, which face north or east, the deity faces west (Pashchim). There is a small open window on the western wall, through which the light of the setting sun falls on the face of the image for three days around the 21st of each March and September.There are a number of other shrines in the courtyard to the [[Navagrahas]], [[Surya]], [[Mahishasuramardini]], [[Vitthal]]-[[Rukmini]], [[Shiva]], [[Vishnu]], [[Bhavani]] and others. Some of these images date back to the 11th century, while some are of recent origin. Also located in the courtyard is the temple tank "Manikarnika Kund", on whose bank is another shrine to Visweshwar Mahadev.

== History ==
{{More citations needed section|date=September 2017}}
The temple belongs architecturally to the [[Chalukya]] empire and was first built in the 7th century.<ref name="KarenTate">{{cite book|last=Tate|first=Karen|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b7KbLLjzuRgC&q=ambabai+temple+kolhapur&pg=PA197|title=Sacred Places of Goddess: 108 Destinations|publisher=CCC Publishing|year=2005|isbn=9781888729177|page=197}}</ref> The temple is referred to in multiple Puranas. There is evidence to show that the Konkan king Kamadeo, [[Chalukyas]], [[Shilahara]], [[Yadavas of Devagiri]] dynasties visited this city. Adi Shankaracharya also visited. Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj and Chhatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj ruled this area and they also visited the temple regularly.
[[File:Mahalaxmi of Kolhapur.jpg|thumb|The central icon of the goddess]]
In 109 A.D, Karnadeo cut off the jungle and brought the temple to light. The existence goes back to the 8th century, according to Dr. Bhandarkar & Mr. Khare.{{Who|date=September 2017}} Itihāsa Chakra indicates that the temple dates back to Mahājanapadā times. In the 8th century, the temple sank down due to earthquake. In the 9th century, Gandavadix (King) extended the temple by building Mahakali Mandir. During 1178–1209, in the reign of Raja Jaysing & Sindhava, South gate & Atibaleshwar Temple were built. In 1218, Yadav king Tolum built Mahadwar, and offered jewels to Devi. Further, [[Shilahara]]s built Maha Sarasvati Mandir. He being a Jain, got 64 idols carved. It is possible that new idol called Padmavati was installed at that time.{{According to whom|date=September 2017}} Further, in [[Chalukya]] times, Ganapati before the temple was installed. In the 13th century, Shankaracharya built Nagar Khana & Office, Deepmalas.

Later during the time of [[Maratha Empire]], the temple was repaired. Though many invasions over this part of India have caused some damages of the beautiful idols which are all around the temple.

During 1712–1792 (Chhatrapati Sambhaji II Reign) Narhar Bhat Shastree had a dream by goddess Mahalakshmi informing him of her location, which he told to Chhatrapati Sambhaji {{cn|date=April 2021}}. In the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] reign, the worshippers had hid the idol for protection. Believing Sangavakar's dream, Chhatrapati Sambhaji started a search. This idol was found in a house in Kapila Teertha Market in the city. According to Chhatrapati Sambhaji's letter dated 8 November 1723, Sindhoji Hindurao Ghorpade of Panhala installed the idol again on 26 September 1712 (Monday, Ashwin Vijiya Dashami). The number of devotees grew, and in due course of time, the Devi became the Deity of Maharashtra. The deity began to denude due to Abhishekas. So Sankeshwar Shankaracharya got it repaired. After Vajralep & sacrifices, it was again installed at the hands of Kolhapur Shahajee Raje in 1954. There are 5 main temples and 7 Deepamalas now. Around are 35 temples of various sizes and 20 shops. There are 5 Hemad-style tops and a Garud Mandap.

Historian [[Paul Dundas]] in his book ''The Jains''<ref name="auto1">{{Cite book|last=Dundas, Paul, 1952-|title=The Jains|date=2002|publisher=Routledge|isbn=0-203-39827-0|edition=2nd|location=London|oclc=252916273}}</ref> mentions that Mahalaxmi temple Kolhapur was a Jain temple.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Dundas|first=Paul|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jt6-YXE2aUwC&q=jainism%20and%20black%20magic&pg=PA128|title=The Jains|date=2002|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=978-0-415-26606-2|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Kumara Choudhry|url=http://archive.org/details/thejainslibraryofreligiousbeliefsandpracticespauldundasroutledge_52_I|title=The Jains Library of Religious Beliefs And Practices Paul Dundas Routledge}}</ref> Sheshashayee Vishnu which is an octagonal structure closer to the eastern gate has a panel of 60 Jain Tirthankaras carvings.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|title=Inside Temples|url=https://mahalaxmikolhapur.com/history/in-temples.html|access-date=2020-05-28|website=mahalaxmikolhapur.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Mahalakshmi Temple - Jewel Among Kolhapur Temples|url=https://www.inditales.com/mahalakshmi-temple-kolhapur/|last=Goyal|first=Anuradha|date=2019-06-10|website=Inditales|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-28}}</ref>

==Worship==
Worship services are offered each day throughout the year. Daily schedule is as follows:<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.mahalaxmikolhapur.com/component/content/article/50 |title= Mahalakshmi Kolhapur Daily Schedule |author=}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Number !! Event !! Timing
|-
| 1 || Opening of the Temple || 4:30 a.m
|-
| 2 || Kakad Aarti (The Morning Aarti) || 4:30 to 6:00 a.m
|-
| 3 || Morning Mahapuja || 8:00 a.m
|-
| 4 || Naivedya (Offering of Holy Food) || 9:30 a.m
|-
| 5 || Madhyan Aarti (The Afternoon Aarti) || 11:30 a.m
|-
|| 6 || Alankar Puja || 1:30 p.m
|-
|| 7 || Dhoop Aarti (The Evening Aarti) || 8:00 p.m
|-
|| 8 || Shej Aarti (The Night Aarti) || 10:00 p.m
|}

Special Events: A festival image of the deity is taken out in procession around the temple courtyard each Friday, and on full moon days.

==Festivals==
=== Kirnotsav celebrations ===
Kirnotsav (lit. festival of Sun Rays) is celebrated in the Mahalakshmi Temple at Kolhapur, when the rays of the sun fall directly on the deity at the time of sunrise. It is said that the [[Surya|Sun god]] pays his homage to Mahalakshmi Ambabai for three days in a year. In January the Sun is in the sign of Capricorn (Shravana nakshatra) transiting between 17,18, and 19th degree; while in November Sun transits through the 24, 25, and 26th degree in the sign of Libra (Vishaka nakshatra). This is not aligned to any specific tithis, since Lunar Calendar needs adjusting every few years and every year aligns to different Tithi. It is also not aligned to Uttarayan/ Daskshinayan of Sun's movement since it is 9 months apart.

* 31 January & 9 November: Sun rays fall directly on the feet of the deity.
* 1 February & 10 November: Sun rays fall directly on the chest of the deity.
* 2 February & 11 November: Sun rays fall directly on the entire body of the deity.

It is not surprising that even the rays of a rising sun pay homage to Goddess Mahalakshmi Ambabai as the life of human being revolves around illumination and prosperity. But it is the wonder of wise architects who built the temple of Mahalakshmi at Kolhapur that the rays of the rising Sun, bow at the feet of the Goddess through a window, for a while before vanishing. It is the architect's excellence, which was done more than 1000 years ago, and can still be observed. This special event is celebrated by thousands of people as [http://www.ambabai.com/architecture.html Kiranotsav].

=== Lalit panchami ===
Every year during [[Navaratri|Navratri]], on the fifth day of Lalitapanchami, a palkhi procession is taken from the [[Mahalaxmi Kolhapur|Mahalaxmi]] temple to [[Temblai|Temblai mandir]] at Temblai hill.{{cn|date=April 2021}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.ambabai.com Home]
* [http://www.mahalaxmi.org Home]

{{Kolhapur district topics}}
{{Hindu temples in Maharashtra}}

[[Category:7th-century Hindu temples]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Shakti Peethas]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Kolhapur]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Kolhapur district]]
[[Category:Temples in India]]
[[Category:Lakshmi temples]]

Mahalakshmi Temple, Kolhapur - Revision history

imported>MRRaja001: Added content