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{{Short description|King of Malwa until 1305}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Mahalakadeva
| title = Maharajadhiraja
| succession = King of [[Malwa]]
| reign = late 13th century – 24 November 1305
| predecessor = [[Bhoja II (Paramara dynasty)|Bhoja II]]
| successor = ''Position abolished''
| death_date = 24 November 1305
| death_place = [[Mandu, Madhya Pradesh|Mandu]], [[Paramara dynasty|Malwa]]
(Present day [[Mandu, Madhya Pradesh|Mandu]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[India]])
| issue = One son killed in battle <ref>{{cite book |author=Banarsi Prasad Saksena |chapter=The Khaljis: Alauddin Khalji |editor=Mohammad Habib and Khaliq Ahmad Nizami |title=A Comprehensive History of India: The Delhi Sultanat (A.D. 1206-1526) |volume=5 |edition=Second |year=1992 |orig-year=1970 |publisher=The Indian History Congress / People's Publishing House |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_9cmAQAAMAAJ |oclc=31870180|page=199}}</ref>
| house = [[Paramara dynasty|Paramara]]
| house-type = Dynasty
| father = Possibly [[Jayavarman II (Paramara dynasty)|Jayavarman II]]
| religion = [[Hinduism]]
| reg-type1 = [[Pradhan]]
| regent1 = [[Goga Deva]]
}}
'''Mahālakadeva''' (died 24 November 1305), also known as '''Mahlak Deo''' or '''Mahlak Deva''', was a king of the [[Paramara dynasty]] in central India. The last known ruler of the dynasty, he was defeated and killed by the forces of [[Alauddin Khalji]] of [[Delhi Sultanate|Delhi]].

== Political status ==

Mahalakadeva was the successor of [[Bhoja II (Paramara dynasty)|Bhoja II]]. Gogadeva, also known as Haranand or simply Goga, was his powerful [[pradhan]] (prime minister). Goga was also the prime minister of Bhoja II's predecessor Arjuna II, and had turned against the king. The 16th century historian [[Firishta]] describes Goga as the "Raja of [[Malwa]]". According to historian Pratipal Bhatia, Goga might have become the ''de facto'' administrator of Malwa, with Bhoja II as a titular ruler.{{sfn|Pratipal Bhatia|1970|p=160}}

== Defeat against Alauddin Khalji ==
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{{main|Alauddin Khalji's conquest of Malwa}}

In 1305, the Muslim [[Delhi Sultanate|Sultan of Delhi]] [[Alauddin Khalji]] sent his army to conquer Malwa, the Paramara territory.{{sfn|Peter Jackson|2003|p=198}} According to [[Amir Khusrow]]'s ''Tarikh-i 'Alai'', "Rai Mahlak Deo" and ''pradhan'' "Koka" (Goga) commanded a force of 30-40 thousand cavalry, and an infantry of unknown size. Khusrow states that Delhi's "army of Islam" defeated this Paramara force, and "the earth was moistened with Hindu blood". Goga was killed in the battle, and his head was sent to the Sultan in Delhi.{{sfn|Henry Miers Elliot|1871|p=76}}

[[Ayn al-Mulk Multani]], the newly appointed Governor of Malwa, was sent to expel Mahalakadeva from [[Mandu, Madhya Pradesh|Mandu]] and cleanse that place from "the odour of infidelity". With help of a spy, Multani's forces found a way to enter the fort secretly. Mahalakadeva was killed while attempting to flee, on 24 November 1305.{{sfn|Henry Miers Elliot|1871|p=76}}{{sfn|V. S. Krishnan|1994|p=33}} The Jain writer Kakka Suri, in his ''[[Nabhi-nandana-jinoddhara-prabandha]]'' (1336), describes the end of Mahalakadeva as follows: "Besieged by him [Alauddin] in his own fort, the ruler of Mālwā passed there many days, living like a captive, and then died bereft of heroism."{{sfn|Dasharatha Sharma|1956|p=96}}

It is not known when exactly did the Delhi forces completed their conquest of Malwa. A 1310 CE [[Udaipur (Madhya Pradesh)|Udaipur]] inscription indicates that the Paramara dynasty survived until this time, at least in the north-eastern part of Malwa. A later 1338 CE inscription on a new mosque indicates that the area was under the control of the Delhi Sultan [[Muhammad bin Tughluq]] by this time.{{sfn|Peter Jackson|2003|p=199}}

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}

=== Bibliography ===

{{refbegin}}
* {{cite journal |author=Dasharatha Sharma |title=New Light on Alauddin Khalji's Achievements |journal=The Indian Historical Quarterly |volume=32 |issue=1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7RrVAAAAMAAJ |year=1956 |publisher=Ramanand Vidya Bhawan }}
* {{cite book |author=Henry Miers Elliot |title=The History of India, as Told by Its Own Historians: The Muhammadan Period |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.458719 |page=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.458719/page/n85 76] |year=1871 |publisher=Trübner and Company }}
* {{cite book |author=Peter Jackson |title=The Delhi Sultanate: A Political and Military History |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lt2tqOpVRKgC&pg=PA198 |year=2003 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-54329-3 }}
* {{cite book |author=Pratipal Bhatia |title=The Paramāras, c. 800-1305 A.D. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a5gcAAAAMAAJ |year=1970 |publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal |isbn=978-81-215-0410-2 }}
* {{cite book |author=V. S. Krishnan |title=Madhya Pradesh District Gazetteers: Ratlam |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3x8LAQAAIAAJ |year=1994 |publisher=Government Central Press }}
{{refend}}

{{Paramara dynasty}}

[[Category:Kings of Malwa]]
[[Category:1305 deaths]]
[[Category:14th-century Indian monarchs]]
[[Category:Monarchs killed in action]]
[[Category:Paramara dynasty]]

Mahalakadeva - Revision history

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