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±Category:2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election; ±Category:State Assembly elections in Bihar using HotCat

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{{Short description|Political alliance}}
{{about|the regional political alliance in Bihar|the multi-state political alliance at the national level|Mahagathbandhan (2019)}}
{{for|the regional political alliance in Jharkhand|Mahagathbandhan (Jharkhand)}}
{{Infobox Indian political party
|party_name = '''Mahagathbandhan'''
|abbreviation =
|founder =
|colorcode = {{Rashtriya Janata Dal/meta/color}}
|leader=[[Tejashwi Yadav]]
|chairman = [[Lalu Prasad Yadav]]
|incumbent =
|formerpm =
|loksabha_leader =
|rajyasabha_leader =
|alliance =
|eci =
|national_convener =
| state_seats_name = [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]]
| state_seats = {{Composition bar|91|243|hex={{Rashtriya Janata Dal/meta/color}}}}
| state2_seats_name = [[Bihar Legislative Council]]
| state2_seats = {{Composition bar|7|75|hex=#008000}}
|no_of_members = [[Mahagathbandhan (Bihar) #Current members|5 Parties]]
|foundation = {{start date and age|2015}}
|position =
|rajyasabha_seats = {{Composition bar|5|245|hex=#008000}}
|no_states =
|ideology={{Nowrap|[[Big tent]] '''Factions:''' [[Socialism]]<ref name="LS2014">{{cite web|work=[[Daily News and Analysis]]|title=Lok Sabha Elections 2014: Know your party symbols!|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-lok-sabha-elections-2014-know-your-party-symbols-1974606|date=10 April 2014}}</ref> [[Secularism]]<ref name="LS2014"/><ref name="J.Soper">{{cite book |last1=Soper |first1=J. Christopher |last2=Fetzer |first2=Joel S. |date=2018 |title=Religion and Nationalism in Global Perspective |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y7BoDwAAQBAJ |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |pages=200–210 |isbn=978-1-107-18943-0 }}</ref> [[Progressivism]]<ref name="LS2014"/> [[Communism]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cpiml.org/documents-2/10th-congress-cpiml/general-programme-of-cpiml/|title=General Programme of CPI(ML)|date=6 April 2013|website=Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) website|language=en-US|access-date=2020-03-23}}</ref><ref name="Leninism">{{cite book |last1=Chakrabarty |first1=Bidyut |date= 2014|title=Communism in India: Events, Processes and Ideologies |publisher= [[Oxford University Press]]|page= 314 |isbn=978-0-199-97489-4 }}</ref> [[Marxism-Leninism]]<ref name="auto2">{{cite web|url=https://sites.google.com/a/communistparty.in/cpi/brief-history-of-cpi|title=Brief History of CPI - CPI|access-date=1 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151209001241/https://sites.google.com/a/communistparty.in/cpi/brief-history-of-cpi#|archive-date=9 December 2015|url-status = live}}</ref>}}}}
'''''Mahagathbandhan''''' ({{small|abbr.}} '''MGB'''<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-11-20|title=Post Bihar....the MGB fever|url=https://rstv.nic.in/post-bihar-mgb-fever.html|access-date=2020-10-07|website=Rajya Sabha TV|language=en-US}}</ref>), also known as '''Grand Alliance''', is a [[Coalition government|coalition]] of political parties in the Eastern state of [[Bihar]] in India, formed ahead of the upcoming [[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2020 Vidhan Sabha elections in Bihar]]. The alliance consists of [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]] (RJD), [[Indian National Congress]] (INC) and several [[Left-wing politics|Left]] parties including [[Communist Party of India]] (CPI), [[Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation]]-CPIML(Liberation) and
[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] (CPIM), with [[Tejashwi Yadav]] as the proposed [[Chief Minister]] candidate.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.news18.com/news/politics/reasons-behind-jdu-rjd-congress-mahagathbandhans-massive-win-in-bihar-elections-1162139.html |title=Reasons behind JDU-RJD-Congress Mahagathbandhan's massive win in Bihar elections |publisher=News18 |date=2015-11-08 |access-date=2016-09-30}}</ref>

==History==
On 7 June 2015, Lalu Prasad Yadav announced the RJD was joining in an alliance with the JDU for the election.<ref name="Firstpost">{{cite web|url=http://www.firstpost.com/politics/lalu-nitish-seal-the-deal-rjd-jdu-join-hands-for-bihar-polls-seat-sharing-talks-on-the-cards-2283878.html|title=Lalu, Nitish seal the deal: RJD, JD(U) form alliance for Bihar polls, seat sharing talks on cards|work=Firstpost}}</ref><ref name="economictimes.indiatimes.com">{{cite web|title=Nitish Kumar and Lalu Prasad Yadav alliance may be a 90-seat worry for BJP|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/nitish-kumar-and-lalu-prasad-yadav-alliance-may-be-a-90-seat-worry-for-bjp/articleshow/47637013.cms}}</ref> On 13 July, he led a march demanding that the central government release its findings from the [[Socio Economic Caste Census 2011]] (SECC) on caste.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/lalu-leads-march-for-caste-census-data/article7418607.ece|title=Lalu leads march for caste census data}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/Lalus-Ultimatum-to-Modi-Government-on-Caste-Census-Data/2015/07/14/article2918611.ece|title=Lalu's Ultimatum to Modi Government on Caste Census Data}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/caste-census-data-demand-is-jehad-lalu/article7449349.ece|title=Caste census data demand is ‘jehad’: Lalu}}</ref> Union Minister [[Ram Vilas Paswan]] supported a comprehensive classification of caste data of SECC 2011 before its release.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/ram-vilas-dalit-face-wherever-you-go-manjhi-can-be-mahadalit-face/|title=‘Ram Vilas Dalit face wherever you go, Jitan Ram Manjhi can be Mahadalit face’}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/lalu-prasad-nitish-kumar-to-be-hit-hardest-if-caste-data-released-paswan/|title=Lalu Prasad, Nitish Kumar to be hit hardest if caste data released: Paswan}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/lalu-prasad-yadav-nitish-kumar-to-be-hit-hardest-if-caste-data-released-ram-vilas-paswan/articleshow/48134227.cms|title=Lalu Prasad Yadav , Nitish Kumar to be hit hardest if caste data released: Ram Vilas Paswan}}</ref> BJP Leader [[Sushil Kumar Modi]] called for a rectification of errors in the cases of 1.46 crore people in India, including 1.75 lakh in Bihar, before releasing the caste data.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/caste-census-data-release-after-error-correction-sushil-115072100870_1.html|title=Caste census data to be release after error correction: Sushil Modi}}</ref>

On 3 August, incumbent Chief Minister Nitish Kumar declared that he would not stand in the election.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/nitish-kumar-wont-contest-polls-will-devote-time-for-campaigning-rabri-devi/1/455939.html|title=Won't contest Bihar polls, will devote time for campaigning, says Nitish Kumar}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/wont-contest-bihar-elections-nitish-kumar/articleshow/48329857.cms|title=Won't contest Bihar elections: Nitish Kumar}}</ref> On 11 August, he announced the seat-sharing formula, according to which JD(U) and RJD will contest 100 seats each, while Congress will contest 40 seats in Bihar.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.in/2015/08/12/nitish-kumar-bihar-electi_n_7976138.html|title=Nitish Kumar Announces Seat-Sharing Formula For Bihar Elections: JD(U)-RJD To Contest On 100 Seats Each, Congress 40}}</ref> NCP pulled out of this alliance later.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/bihar-polls-ncp-pulls-out-of-jdu-rjd-cong-alliance-may-contest-alone/|title=Bihar elections: NCP pulls out of anti-BJP alliance, may contest alone}}</ref> On 23 September, Nitish Kumar announced the list of 242 candidates for the JDU-RJD-INC alliance.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/backward-class-candidates-get-lions-share-in-nitish-kumars-list/|title=Bihar polls: Nitish Kumar releases ‘joint list’ of 242 candidates, OBCs get lion’s share}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/nitish-kumar-yields-lalu-prasad-gets-both-his-sons-an-assembly-ticket-each/|title=Nitish Kumar yields, Lalu Prasad gets both his sons an Assembly ticket each}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Nitish-led-alliance-releases-list-of-242-candidates-for-Bihar-polls/articleshow/49071470.cms|title=Nitish-led alliance releases list of 242 candidates for Bihar polls}}</ref> OBCs were most favoured in the alliance ticket distribution plan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/OBCs-most-favoured-in-alliance-plan/articleshow/49081419.cms|title=OBCs most favoured in alliance plan}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/explained/in-bihar-elections-it-is-my-social-combination-versus-yours/|title=In Bihar elections, it is my social combination versus yours}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/bihar-polls-obcs-and-dalits-70-in-nitish-list-upper-castes-42-in-bjp/|title=Bihar elections: OBCs and Dalits 70% in Nitish list, upper castes 42% in BJP|date=24 September 2015|work=The Indian Express}}</ref> 10% of tickets were allotted to women candidate by the alliance.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Little-room-for-women-in-Grand-design/articleshow/49081383.cms|title=Little room for women in Nitish's 'Grand' design|work=The Times of India}}</ref>

Nitish Kumar was the declared chief ministerial candidate for the ''Mahagathbandhan'' (Grand Alliance). Kumar started his ''Har Ghar Dastak'' (door-to-door) campaign on 2 July.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/bihar-polls-zero-tech-knock-door-to-door-team-narendra-modis-nitish-strategy/|title=Har Ghar Dastak: Nitish's Bihar strategy is old fashioned door-to-door campaigning}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Nitish-sounds-poll-bugle-with-Har-Ghar-Dastak/articleshow/47914995.cms|title=Nitish sounds poll bugle with ‘Har Ghar Dastak’}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Sajjad|first1=Mohammad|title=How Nitish Kumar and Lalu Yadav won Bihar|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/column/how-nitish-kumar-and-lalu-yadav-won-bihar/20151108.htm|accessdate=9 November 2015|publisher=rediff.com|date=8 November 2015}}</ref> Initially there were definite political overtures when both [[Lalu Prasad Yadav]] and [[Nitish Kumar]] shared stage together in a public<ref>{{cite web|url=http://m.indiatoday.in/story/bihar-assembly-polls-nitish-kumar-lalu-prasad-narendra-modi/1/458341.html|title=They may have 'amicably' come to a seat-sharing agreement, but 15 months of tumultuous relationship later, Nitish Kumar and Lalu Yadav still remain frenemies|publisher=|accessdate=10 April 2016}}</ref> event commemorating former chief minister Satyendra Narain Sinha's birth anniversary that witnessed veiled attacks on each other, the last time<ref>{{cite web|url=http://m.indiatoday.in/story/giant-slayer/1/521136.html|title=Giant slayer|publisher=|accessdate=10 April 2016}}</ref> they did it in public. [[Prashant Kishor]] was a key election strategist for the alliance.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/team-178-faces-behind-grand-alliances-victory-in-bihar/|title=Team 178: Faces behind Grand Alliance’s victory in Bihar polls}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.firstpost.com/politics/amit-shah-vs-prashant-kishor-will-wizard-bihar-election-2350380.html|title=Amit Shah vs Prashant Kishor: Who will be the wizard of Bihar election?}}</ref>

The Mahagathbandhan contested in Bihar legislative assembly elections of 2015 against [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] and its key allies [[Lok Janshakti Party]] and [[Rashtriya Lok Samata Party]] . The Bharatiya Janata Party and its allies lost badly making the way for JD (U)+RJD+Congress to triumph with 178 out of 243 seats. The BJP and its allies managed to get only 58 seats.<ref>{{cite news|title=Bihar verdict: How RJD, Congress, JDU turned vote share to seats|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/bihar-verdict-how-rjd-congress-jdu-turned-vote-share-to-seats/story-dEYmNkluVvWP3M3vEFeliL.html|accessdate=16 November 2015}}</ref>
===Dissent and defection===
After successfully winning the elections of 2015, the defection in Mahagathbandhan occurred with alleged attempt of [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]] leaders to break Janata Dal (United) elected legislators. [[Nitish Kumar]], the then leader of JD (U) and the Chief Minister for 5th time<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/nitish-kumar-sworn-in-as-bihar-chief-minister-for-fifth-time-115112000458_1.html|title=Nitish Kumar sworn in as Bihar Chief Minister for fifth time|author=ANI|date=20 November 2015|accessdate=10 April 2016}}</ref> was thus forced to join the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] and NDA once again to secure the interest of his parties.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/live-nitish-kumar-forms-new-government-in-bihar-with-bjp-oath-today-1729667|title=LIVE: Nitish Kumar Forms Government In Bihar With BJP; Rahul Gandhi, Tejashwi Yadav Lash Out|website=NDTV|accessdate=2020-10-05}}</ref>

However, the entry of JD (U) made other allies of Bhartiya Janata Party embarrassed . Thus the rival party of JD (U), [[Rashtriya Lok Samata Party]] drifted away with its leader [[Upendra Kushwaha]] from the hold of NDA . The drifting away of [[Rashtriya Lok Samata Party]] created uncertainties in the camp of National Democratic Alliance over shifting of the support of [[Koeri]] caste on whom RLSP was thought to have strong hold.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://theprint.in/politics/upendra-kushwahas-exit-could-undo-bjps-carefully-planned-bihar-caste-coalition/161356/|title=Upendra Kushwaha’s exit could undo BJP’s carefully planned Bihar caste coalition|website=theprint.in|accessdate=2020-10-05}}</ref> But in 2019 [[Lok Sabha |General Elections]] the JD(U) balanced the loss incurred due to the defection of Upendra Kushwaha and Bharatiya Janata Party and Janata Dal (United) secured victory over the putatively put alliance of [[Rastriya Janata Dal|RJD]]+[[Rashtriya Lok Samta Party|RLSP]]+[[Indian National Congress|INC]]+[[Hindustani Awam Morcha|HAM]]+[[Vikassheel Insaan Party|VIP]] parties. Subsequently, [[Vikassheel Insaan Party|VIP]] and [[Hindustani Awam Morcha|HAM]] switched to the [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]].<ref>{{cite web|url= https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/lok-sabha/bihar/bihar-lok-sabha-election-results-live-news/articleshow/69457325.cms|title=Bihar Election Results: BJP-JD(U) alliance sweeps Bihar, gets 39 of the 40 seats|website=economic times|accessdate=2020-10-05}}</ref>

==Current members==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! style="width:30px;"|No
! style="width:200px;"|Party
! style="widhth:100px;"|Flag
! style="widhth:100px;"|Symbol
! style="width:175px;"|Current No. of MLAs in Bihar Assembly
! style="width:175px;"|Current No. of MLCs in Bihar Council
|-
|style="background-color:{{Rashtriya Janata Dal/meta/color}}; text-align: center;" | 1
| [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]
| [[File:RJD_Flag.svg|center|75x75px]]
| [[File:Indian Election Symbol Hurricane Lamp.png|150px]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 75
| style="text-align: center;" | 5
|-
|style="background-color:{{Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation/meta/color}}; text-align: center;" | 2
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation]]
|
| [[File:Flag Logo of CPIML.png|150px]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 12
| style="text-align: center;" | 0
|-
|style="background-color:{{Communist Party of India (Marxist)/meta/color}}; text-align: center;" | 4
| [[Communist Party of India]]
|[[File:CPI-banner.svg|center|75x75px]]
|[[File:Indian Election Symbol Ears of Corn and Sickle.png|150px]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 2
| style="text-align: center;" | 2
|-
|style="background-color:{{Communist Party of India (Marxist)/meta/color}}; text-align: center;" | 3
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
| [[File:CPI(M) Flag.jpg|center|75x75px]]
|[[File:Indian Election Symbol Hammer Sickle and Star.png|150px]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 2
| style="text-align: center;" | 0
|-
|style="background-color:{{Rashtriya Janata Dal/meta/color}}; text-align: center;" |
| '''Total'''
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | '''91'''
| style="text-align: center;" | '''7'''
|}

==See also==
* [[Mahagathbandhan (2019)]]
* [[Mahagathbandhan (Jharkhand)]]
*[[Maha Vikas Aghadi]]
*[[Grand Democratic Secular Front]]
*[[Progressive Democratic Alliance (Bihar)]]
*'''[https://results.eci.gov.in/ACTRENDS2020/partywiseresult-S04.htm 2020 Bihar State Elections]'''

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:2015 State Assembly elections in India]]
[[Category:2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]]
[[Category:2020 in Indian politics]]

Mahagathbandhan (Bihar) - Revision history

>MPGuy2824: ±Category:2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election; ±Category:State Assembly elections in Bihar using HotCat

->CommonsDelinker: Removing Logo_of_CPIML_Liberation.jpg; it has been deleted from Commons by Krd because: per :c:Commons:Deletion requests/File:Logo of CPIML Liberation.jpg|.