Magadhi Prakrit - Revision history

Aamir2580: Minor edits and structural improvements

2026-03-01T18:25:08Z

Minor edits and structural improvements

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			{{Short description\|Written language of Ancient India}}
	{{Distinguish\|Ardhamagadhi Prakrit}}		{{Distinguish\|Ardhamagadhi Prakrit}}
	{{EngvarB\|date=August 2020}}		{{EngvarB\|date=August 2020}}
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	'''Magadhi Prakrit''' (''Māgadhī'') is of one of the three [[Dramatic Prakrit]]s, the written languages of [[History of India\|~~Ancient~~ India]] following the decline of [[Pali~~]] and [[Sanskrit~~]]. It was a vernacular [[Middle Indo-Aryan language]], replacing earlier [[Vedic Sanskrit]].<ref>{{Citation\| contribution=The historical context and development of Indo-Aryan \| editor1-last=Cardona \| editor1-first=George \| editor2-last=Jain \| editor2-first=Dhanesh \| title=The Indo-Aryan Languages \| publisher=Routledge \| place=London \| year=2003 \| series=Routledge language family series \| isbn=0-7007-1130-9 \| pages=46–66}}</ref> Magadhi Prakrit was spoken in the eastern [[Indian subcontinent]], in a region spanning what is now [[East India\|eastern India]], [[Bangladesh]] and [[Nepal]].<ref>{{cite web \|last1=Prasad \|first1=Balaram \|last2=Mukherjee \|first2=Sibasis \|title=Magadhi / Magahi \|url=http://lsi.gov.in/MTSI_app/DraftReport/Bihar/11.%20MAGADHI%20MAGAHI.pdf \|website=lsi.gov.in \|access-date=24 February 2022}}</ref><ref name="Chatterjee'>{{cite book \|last1=Chatterji \|first1=Suniti Kumar \|title=The Origin and Development of the Bengali Language \|date=1926 \|page=vi \|url=https://archive.org/details/OriginDevelopmentOfBengali/CHATTERJI_Origin-Development-of-Bengali_Vol-1/page/n3/mode/2up?q=magadhi+prakrit+bengal \|language=English}}</ref> Associated with the ancient [[Magadha]], it was spoken in present-day [[Assam]], [[Bengal]], [[Bihar]], [[Jharkhand]], [[Odisha]] and eastern [[Uttar Pradesh]] under various ''~~apabhramsa~~'' dialects,<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Grierson \|first1=Sir George Abraham \|title=The Languages of India: Being a Reprint of the Chapter on Languages \|date=1903 \|publisher=Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing, India \|pages=~~57-58~~ \|url=https://~~www~~.google.~~co.in~~/books~~/edition/The_Languages_of_India/L65DAAAAYAAJ~~?hl=en&~~gbpv=1&dq~~=magadhi+prakrit+bengal~~&printsec=frontcover~~ \|language=en}}</ref> and used in some dramas to represent vernacular dialogue ~~in Prakrit dramas~~. It is believed to be the language spoken by the important religious figures [[Gautama Buddha]] and [[Mahavira]]<ref>{{Cite book\|last=Beames\|first=John\|url=http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ref/id/CBO9781139208871\|title=Comparative Grammar of the Modern Aryan Languages of India: To Wit, Hindi, Panjabi, Sindhi, Gujarati, Marathi, Oriya, and Bangali\|~~date~~=2012\|publisher=Cambridge University Press\|isbn=978-1-139-20887-1\|location=Cambridge\|doi=10.1017/cbo9781139208871.003}}</ref> and was also the language of the courts of the [[Magadha]] [[~~mahajanapada~~]] and the [[Maurya Empire]]; some of the [[Edicts of Ashoka]] were composed in it.<ref name="Chatterjee'/><ref>Bashan A.L.~~, ''~~The Wonder that was India'', ~~Picador~~, ~~2004~~, pp.~~394~~</ref>		'''Magadhi Prakrit''' (''Māgadhī'') is of one of the three [[Dramatic Prakrit]]s, the written languages of [[History of India#Classical period (c. 200 BCE – 650_CE)\|Classical]]-[[Medieval India]] following the decline of [[Pali]]. It was a vernacular [[Middle Indo-Aryan language]], replacing earlier [[Vedic Sanskrit]].<ref>{{Citation\| contribution=The historical context and development of Indo-Aryan \| editor1-last=Cardona \| editor1-first=George \| editor2-last=Jain \| editor2-first=Dhanesh \| title=The Indo-Aryan Languages \| publisher=Routledge \| place=London \| year=2003 \| series=Routledge language family series \| isbn=0-7007-1130-9 \| pages=46–66}}</ref>

			==History and overview==
			Magadhi Prakrit was spoken in the eastern [[Indian subcontinent]], in a region spanning what is now [[East India\|eastern India]], [[Bangladesh]] and [[Nepal]].<ref>{{cite web \|last1=Prasad \|first1=Balaram \|last2=Mukherjee \|first2=Sibasis \|title=Magadhi / Magahi \|url=http://lsi.gov.in/MTSI_app/DraftReport/Bihar/11.%20MAGADHI%20MAGAHI.pdf \|website=lsi.gov.in \|access-date=24 February 2022}}</ref><ref name="Chatterjee'>{{cite book \|last1=Chatterji \|first1=Suniti Kumar \|title=The Origin and Development of the Bengali Language \|date=1926 \|page=vi \|url=https://archive.org/details/OriginDevelopmentOfBengali/CHATTERJI_Origin-Development-of-Bengali_Vol-1/page/n3/mode/2up?q=magadhi+prakrit+bengal \|language=English}}</ref> Associated with the ancient [[Magadha (Mahajanapada)\|Magadha]], it was spoken in present-day [[Assam]], [[Bengal]], [[Bihar]], [[Jharkhand]], [[Odisha]] and [[Eastern Uttar Pradesh\|eastern]] [[Uttar Pradesh]] under various ''apabhramsha'' dialects,<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Grierson \|first1=Sir George Abraham \|title=The Languages of India: Being a Reprint of the Chapter on Languages \|date=1903 \|publisher=Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing, India \|pages=57–58 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L65DAAAAYAAJ&q=magadhi+prakrit+bengal \|language=en}}</ref> and used in some Prakrit dramas to represent vernacular dialogue. It is believed to be the language spoken by the important religious figures [[Gautama Buddha]] and [[Mahavira]]<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Beames \|first=John \|url=http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ref/id/CBO9781139208871 \|title=Comparative Grammar of the Modern Aryan Languages of India: To Wit, Hindi, Panjabi, Sindhi, Gujarati, Marathi, Oriya, and Bangali \|orig-year=1879 \|year=2012 \|publisher=Cambridge University Press \|isbn=978-1-139-20887-1 \|location=Cambridge \|doi=10.1017/cbo9781139208871.003}}</ref> and was also the language of the courts of the [[Magadha (Mahajanapada)\|Magadha]] [[Mahajanapadas\|Mahajanapada]] and the [[Maurya Empire]]; some of the [[Edicts of Ashoka]] were composed in it.<ref name="Chatterjee'/><ref>{{cite book\|last=Bashan \|first=A.L. \|title=The Wonder that was India \|publisher=Picador \|year=2004 \|page=394}}</ref>

			Magadhi Prakrit later evolved into the [[Eastern Indo-Aryan languages]], categorised into four groups:<ref name=Claus2003>{{cite book \|last1=Claus \|first1=Peter J. \|last2=Diamond \|first2=Sarah \|last3=Mills \|first3=Margaret Ann \|title=South Asian folklore: an encyclopedia : Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India \|publisher=Routledge \|year=2003 \|page=203}}</ref><ref>{{cite book \|last1=Cardona \|first1=George \|last2=Jain \|first2=Dhanesh K. \|title=The Indo-Aryan Languages \|date=26 July 2007 \|publisher=Routledge \|isbn=978-1-135-79711-9 \|page=445 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OtCPAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA445}}</ref>

	Magadhi Prakrit later evolved into the [[Eastern Indo-Aryan languages]]:<ref name=Claus2003>South Asian folklore: an encyclopedia : Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, By Peter J. Claus, Sarah Diamond, Margaret Ann Mills, Routledge, 2003, p. 203</ref><ref>Ray, Tapas S. (2007). [https://books.google.com/books?id=OtCPAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA444 "Chapter Eleven: "Oriya"]. In Jain, Danesh; Cardona, George. ''The Indo-Aryan Languages''. Routledge. p. 445. {{ISBN\|978-1-135-79711-9}}.</ref>
	*[[Bengali–Assamese languages\|Bengali–Assamese]]		*[[Bengali–Assamese languages\|Bengali–Assamese]]
	*[[Bihari languages\|Bihari]]		*[[Bihari languages\|Bihari]]
	*[[Halbic languages\|Halbic]]		*[[Halbic languages\|Halbic]]
	*[[Odia language\|Odia]]~~'''~~		*[[Odia language\|Odia]]

	==References==		==References==
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	==External links==		==External links==
	* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150214085724/http://jainworld.com/literature/jain_agams.asp Jain Agams]
	* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140810115344/http://jainfriends.tripod.com/books/jibljainismliterature.html Jainism in Buddhist Literature]		* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150214085724/http://jainworld.com/literature/jain_agams.asp Jain Agams] (archived)
			* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140810115344/http://jainfriends.tripod.com/books/jibljainismliterature.html Jainism in Buddhist Literature] (archived)
	* {{cite thesis\|type=PhD\|first=Mathew W S\|last=Toulmin\|title=Reconstructing linguistic history in a dialect continuum: The Kamta, Rajbanshi, and Northern Deshi Bangla subgroup of Indo-Aryan\|url=https://digitalcollections.anu.edu.au/handle/1885/45743\|publisher=The Australian National University\|year=2006}}		* {{cite thesis\|type=PhD\|first=Mathew W S\|last=Toulmin\|title=Reconstructing linguistic history in a dialect continuum: The Kamta, Rajbanshi, and Northern Deshi Bangla subgroup of Indo-Aryan\|url=https://digitalcollections.anu.edu.au/handle/1885/45743\|publisher=The Australian National University\|year=2006}}

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	[[Category:Indo-Aryan languages]]		[[Category:Indo-Aryan languages]]
	[[Category:Prakrit languages]]		[[Category:Prakrit languages]]
	~~[[Category:Formal languages used for Indian scriptures]]~~
	[[Category:Magahi language]]		[[Category:Magahi language]]
			[[Category:History of the Bengali language]]

UpdateBot: robot: Update article (please report if you notice any mistake or error in this edit)

2022-04-29T12:29:45Z

robot: Update article (please report if you notice any mistake or error in this edit)

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:59, 29 April 2022
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	'''Magadhi Prakrit''' (Māgadhī) is of one of the three [[Dramatic Prakrit]]s, the written languages of [[History of India\|Ancient India]] following the decline of [[Pali]] and [[Sanskrit]]. It was a vernacular [[Middle Indo-Aryan language]], replacing earlier [[Vedic Sanskrit]].<ref>{{Citation\| contribution=The historical context and development of Indo-Aryan \| editor1-last=Cardona \| editor1-first=George \| editor2-last=Jain \| editor2-first=Dhanesh \| title=The Indo-Aryan Languages \| publisher=Routledge \| place=London \| year=2003 \| series=Routledge language family series \| isbn=0-7007-1130-9 \| pages=46–66}}</ref> Magadhi Prakrit was spoken in the eastern [[Indian subcontinent]], in a region spanning what is now [[East India\|eastern India]], [[Bangladesh]] and [[Nepal]]. It was spoken in present-day [[Bengal]], [[Bihar]], and eastern [[Uttar Pradesh]], and used in some dramas to represent vernacular dialogue in Prakrit dramas. It is believed to be the language spoken by the important religious figures [[Gautama Buddha]] and [[Mahavira]]<ref>{{Cite book\|last=Beames\|first=John\|url=http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ref/id/CBO9781139208871\|title=Comparative Grammar of the Modern Aryan Languages of India: To Wit, Hindi, Panjabi, Sindhi, Gujarati, Marathi, Oriya, and Bangali\|date=2012\|publisher=Cambridge University Press\|isbn=978-1-139-20887-1\|location=Cambridge\|doi=10.1017/cbo9781139208871.003}}</ref> and was also the language of the courts of the [[Magadha]] [[mahajanapada]] and the [[Maurya Empire]]; some of the [[Edicts of Ashoka]] were composed in it.<ref>Bashan A.L., ''The Wonder that was India'', Picador, 2004, pp.394</ref>		'''Magadhi Prakrit''' (''Māgadhī'') is of one of the three [[Dramatic Prakrit]]s, the written languages of [[History of India\|Ancient India]] following the decline of [[Pali]] and [[Sanskrit]]. It was a vernacular [[Middle Indo-Aryan language]], replacing earlier [[Vedic Sanskrit]].<ref>{{Citation\| contribution=The historical context and development of Indo-Aryan \| editor1-last=Cardona \| editor1-first=George \| editor2-last=Jain \| editor2-first=Dhanesh \| title=The Indo-Aryan Languages \| publisher=Routledge \| place=London \| year=2003 \| series=Routledge language family series \| isbn=0-7007-1130-9 \| pages=46–66}}</ref> Magadhi Prakrit was spoken in the eastern [[Indian subcontinent]], in a region spanning what is now [[East India\|eastern India]], [[Bangladesh]] and [[Nepal]].<ref>{{cite web \|last1=Prasad \|first1=Balaram \|last2=Mukherjee \|first2=Sibasis \|title=Magadhi / Magahi \|url=http://lsi.gov.in/MTSI_app/DraftReport/Bihar/11.%20MAGADHI%20MAGAHI.pdf \|website=lsi.gov.in \|access-date=24 February 2022}}</ref><ref name="Chatterjee'>{{cite book \|last1=Chatterji \|first1=Suniti Kumar \|title=The Origin and Development of the Bengali Language \|date=1926 \|page=vi \|url=https://archive.org/details/OriginDevelopmentOfBengali/CHATTERJI_Origin-Development-of-Bengali_Vol-1/page/n3/mode/2up?q=magadhi+prakrit+bengal \|language=English}}</ref> Associated with the ancient [[Magadha]], it was spoken in present-day [[Assam]], [[Bengal]], [[Bihar]], [[Jharkhand]], [[Odisha]] and eastern [[Uttar Pradesh]] under various ''apabhramsa'' dialects,<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Grierson \|first1=Sir George Abraham \|title=The Languages of India: Being a Reprint of the Chapter on Languages \|date=1903 \|publisher=Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing, India \|pages=57-58 \|url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/The_Languages_of_India/L65DAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=magadhi+prakrit+bengal&printsec=frontcover \|language=en}}</ref> and used in some dramas to represent vernacular dialogue in Prakrit dramas. It is believed to be the language spoken by the important religious figures [[Gautama Buddha]] and [[Mahavira]]<ref>{{Cite book\|last=Beames\|first=John\|url=http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ref/id/CBO9781139208871\|title=Comparative Grammar of the Modern Aryan Languages of India: To Wit, Hindi, Panjabi, Sindhi, Gujarati, Marathi, Oriya, and Bangali\|date=2012\|publisher=Cambridge University Press\|isbn=978-1-139-20887-1\|location=Cambridge\|doi=10.1017/cbo9781139208871.003}}</ref> and was also the language of the courts of the [[Magadha]] [[mahajanapada]] and the [[Maurya Empire]]; some of the [[Edicts of Ashoka]] were composed in it.<ref name="Chatterjee'/><ref>Bashan A.L., ''The Wonder that was India'', Picador, 2004, pp.394</ref>

	Magadhi Prakrit later evolved into the [[Eastern Indo-Aryan languages]]:<ref name=Claus2003>South Asian folklore: an encyclopedia : Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, By Peter J. Claus, Sarah Diamond, Margaret Ann Mills, Routledge, 2003, p. 203</ref><ref>Ray, Tapas S. (2007). [https://books.google.com/books?id=OtCPAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA444 "Chapter Eleven: "Oriya"]. In Jain, Danesh; Cardona, George. ''The Indo-Aryan Languages''. Routledge. p. 445. {{ISBN\|978-1-135-79711-9}}.</ref>		Magadhi Prakrit later evolved into the [[Eastern Indo-Aryan languages]]:<ref name=Claus2003>South Asian folklore: an encyclopedia : Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, By Peter J. Claus, Sarah Diamond, Margaret Ann Mills, Routledge, 2003, p. 203</ref><ref>Ray, Tapas S. (2007). [https://books.google.com/books?id=OtCPAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA444 "Chapter Eleven: "Oriya"]. In Jain, Danesh; Cardona, George. ''The Indo-Aryan Languages''. Routledge. p. 445. {{ISBN\|978-1-135-79711-9}}.</ref>

imported>Lancepark: too much variance, retain historical script

2021-07-11T23:44:00Z

too much variance, retain historical script

New page

{{Distinguish|Ardhamagadhi Prakrit}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox language
| name = Magadhi Prakrit
| altname = Māgadhī
| nativename = [[Brahmi]]: 𑀫𑀸𑀕𑀥𑀻
| region = [[India]]
| extinct = developed into the [[Eastern Indo-Aryan languages]]<ref name=Claus2003 />
| familycolor = Indo-European
| fam2 = [[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo-Iranian]]
| fam3 = [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]]
| glotto = none
}}
'''Magadhi Prakrit''' (Māgadhī) is of one of the three [[Dramatic Prakrit]]s, the written languages of [[History of India|Ancient India]] following the decline of [[Pali]] and [[Sanskrit]]. It was a vernacular [[Middle Indo-Aryan language]], replacing earlier [[Vedic Sanskrit]].<ref>{{Citation| contribution=The historical context and development of Indo-Aryan | editor1-last=Cardona | editor1-first=George | editor2-last=Jain | editor2-first=Dhanesh | title=The Indo-Aryan Languages | publisher=Routledge | place=London | year=2003 | series=Routledge language family series | isbn=0-7007-1130-9 | pages=46–66}}</ref> Magadhi Prakrit was spoken in the eastern [[Indian subcontinent]], in a region spanning what is now [[East India|eastern India]], [[Bangladesh]] and [[Nepal]]. It was spoken in present-day [[Bengal]], [[Bihar]], and eastern [[Uttar Pradesh]], and used in some dramas to represent vernacular dialogue in Prakrit dramas. It is believed to be the language spoken by the important religious figures [[Gautama Buddha]] and [[Mahavira]]<ref>{{Cite book|last=Beames|first=John|url=http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ref/id/CBO9781139208871|title=Comparative Grammar of the Modern Aryan Languages of India: To Wit, Hindi, Panjabi, Sindhi, Gujarati, Marathi, Oriya, and Bangali|date=2012|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-139-20887-1|location=Cambridge|doi=10.1017/cbo9781139208871.003}}</ref> and was also the language of the courts of the [[Magadha]] [[mahajanapada]] and the [[Maurya Empire]]; some of the [[Edicts of Ashoka]] were composed in it.<ref>Bashan A.L., ''The Wonder that was India'', Picador, 2004, pp.394</ref>

Magadhi Prakrit later evolved into the [[Eastern Indo-Aryan languages]]:<ref name=Claus2003>South Asian folklore: an encyclopedia : Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, By Peter J. Claus, Sarah Diamond, Margaret Ann Mills, Routledge, 2003, p. 203</ref><ref>Ray, Tapas S. (2007). [https://books.google.com/books?id=OtCPAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA444 "Chapter Eleven: "Oriya"]. In Jain, Danesh; Cardona, George. ''The Indo-Aryan Languages''. Routledge. p. 445. {{ISBN|978-1-135-79711-9}}.</ref>
*[[Bengali–Assamese languages|Bengali–Assamese]]
*[[Bihari languages|Bihari]]
*[[Halbic languages|Halbic]]
*[[Odia language|Odia]]'''

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150214085724/http://jainworld.com/literature/jain_agams.asp Jain Agams]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140810115344/http://jainfriends.tripod.com/books/jibljainismliterature.html Jainism in Buddhist Literature]
* {{cite thesis|type=PhD|first=Mathew W S|last=Toulmin|title=Reconstructing linguistic history in a dialect continuum: The Kamta, Rajbanshi, and Northern Deshi Bangla subgroup of Indo-Aryan|url=https://digitalcollections.anu.edu.au/handle/1885/45743|publisher=The Australian National University|year=2006}}

{{Old and Middle Indo-Aryan}}
{{Maithili language}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Indo-Aryan languages]]
[[Category:Prakrit languages]]
[[Category:Formal languages used for Indian scriptures]]
[[Category:Magahi language]]