Magadha - Revision history

2402:3A80:11B5:4C04:0:0:DC0:5D89 at 17:15, 13 September 2026

2026-09-13T17:15:28Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:45, 13 September 2026
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	\| common_name = Kingdom of Magadha		\| common_name = Kingdom of Magadha
	\| era = [[Iron Age in India\|Iron Age]]		\| era = [[Iron Age in India\|Iron Age]]
	\| life_span = ~~Unknown (by~~ 1200 BCE) – 625 CE		\| life_span = 1200 BCE – 625 CE
	\| government_type = <!-- [[Absolute monarchy]]{{efn\|as described in the ''[[Arthashastra]]''}} -->		\| government_type = <!-- [[Absolute monarchy]]{{efn\|as described in the ''[[Arthashastra]]''}} -->
	\| p1 = Kikata kingdom		\| p1 = Kikata kingdom

2402:3A80:11B5:4C04:0:0:DC0:5D89 at 17:14, 13 September 2026

2026-09-13T17:14:39Z

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{short description|Region and Mahajanapada in ancient eastern India}}
-{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
+{{Use Indian English|date=November 2025}}
 {{Infobox country
 | native_name            =
@@ Line 17: / Line 16: @@
 | image_map_caption      = Kingdom of Magadha and other Mahajanapadas during the second urbanisation
 | image_map2             = {{Switcher
-| [[File:Magadha Expansion 1.gif|upright=1.15|frameless]]
+| [[File:Magadhan Empire expansion.gif|upright=1.15|frameless]]
 | Expansion and decline of Magadha-based rule <br/>between 6th and 2nd century BCE
 | [[File:Magadha Expansion (6th-4th centuries BCE).png|upright=1.15|frameless]]
@@ Line 23: / Line 22: @@
 | [[File:Nanda Empire, c.325 BCE.png|upright=1.15|frameless]]
 | Magadha-based rule under Nanda dynasty {{space|4}}
-| [[File:Maurya Empire, c.250 BCE 2.png|upright=1.15|frameless]]
+| [[File:Mauryan Empire under Ashoka.jpg|upright=1.15|frameless]]
 | Magadha-based rule under Maurya dynasty{{space|3}}
 | [[File:Map of the Shungas.png|upright=1.15|frameless]]
@@ Line 76: / Line 75: @@
 }}}}
 {{History of Bihar}}
-<div style="background: #eaecf0; text-align: center; padding: 8px; font-weight: bold; font-size: 110%; border-bottom: 1px solid #a2a9b1;">
+'''Magadha''' ({{ipa|bho|məɡəd̪ʰaː|ipa}}) was a region and kingdom in ancient India, based in the [[Indo-Gangetic Plain|eastern Ganges Plain]]. It was one of the sixteen [[Mahajanapadas]] during the [[Second Urbanization]] period. The region was ruled by several dynasties, which overshadowed, conquered, and incorporated the other Mahajanapadas. Magadha played an important role in the development of [[Jainism]] and [[Buddhism]]<ref name="Keown2004">{{cite book|author=Damien Keown|title=A Dictionary of Buddhism|url= https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780198605607.001.0001/acref-9780198605607-e-1054?rskey=6R59Bf&result=1 |date=26 August 2004|publisher=OUP Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-157917-2|page=163}}</ref> and formed the core of the [[Maurya Empire]] (c. 320–185 BCE).
 ==Geography==
@@ Line 134: / Line 85: @@
 ==History==
-===Vedic period (ca. 1200 BCE-6th cent. BCE)===
+===Vedic period (semi-legendary) (ca. 1700 BCE-6th cent. BCE)===
 {{Main|Vedic period}}

2001:67C:2628:647:36:1300:0:B0 at 15:31, 13 September 2026

2026-09-13T15:31:12Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:01, 13 September 2026
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	{{short description\|Region and Mahajanapada in ancient eastern India}}		{{short description\|Region and Mahajanapada in ancient eastern India}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=~~November 2025~~}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=April 2026}}
	{{Use Indian English\|date=~~November 2025~~}}		{{Use Indian English\|date=April 2026}}
	{{Infobox country		{{Infobox country
	\| native_name =		\| native_name =
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	\| common_name = Kingdom of Magadha		\| common_name = Kingdom of Magadha
	\| era = [[Iron Age in India\|Iron Age]]		\| era = [[Iron Age in India\|Iron Age]]
	\| life_span = Unknown~~/Legendary~~ (by ~~1700~~ BCE) – 625 CE		\| life_span = Unknown (by 1200 BCE) – 625 CE
	\| government_type = <!-- [[Absolute monarchy]]{{efn\|as described in the ''[[Arthashastra]]''}} -->		\| government_type = <!-- [[Absolute monarchy]]{{efn\|as described in the ''[[Arthashastra]]''}} -->
	\| p1 = Kikata kingdom		\| p1 = Kikata kingdom
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	<div style="text-align: center; padding: 5px;">		<div style="text-align: center; padding: 5px;">
	[[File:~~Shunga Empire~~.~~jpg~~\|280px\|center]]		[[File:Map of the Shungas.png\|280px\|center]]
	</div>		</div>
	<div style="padding: 2px 5px 8px; text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid #c8ccd1; font-size: 95%;">		<div style="padding: 2px 5px 8px; text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid #c8ccd1; font-size: 95%;">
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	</div>		</div>
	'''Magadha''' ({{ipa\|bho\|məɡəd̪ʰaː\|ipa}}) was a region and kingdom in ancient India, based in the [[Indo-Gangetic Plain\|eastern Ganges Plain]]. It was one of the sixteen [[Mahajanapadas]] during the [[Second Urbanization]] period. The region was ruled by several dynasties, which overshadowed, conquered, and incorporated the other Mahajanapadas. Magadha played an important role in the development of [[Jainism]] and [[Buddhism]]<ref name="Keown2004">{{cite book\|author=Damien Keown\|title=A Dictionary of Buddhism\|url= https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780198605607.001.0001/acref-9780198605607-e-1054?rskey=6R59Bf&result=1 \|date=26 August 2004\|publisher=OUP Oxford\|isbn=978-0-19-157917-2\|page=163}}</ref> and formed the core of the [[~~Maurya~~ Empire]] ~~(c. 320–185 BCE)~~.		'''Magadha''' ({{ipa\|bho\|məɡəd̪ʰaː\|ipa}}) was a region and kingdom in ancient India, based in the [[Indo-Gangetic Plain\|eastern Ganges Plain]]. It was one of the sixteen [[Mahajanapadas]] during the [[Second Urbanization]] period. The region was ruled by several dynasties, which overshadowed, conquered, and incorporated the other Mahajanapadas. Magadha played an important role in the development of [[Jainism]] and [[Buddhism]]<ref name="Keown2004">{{cite book\|author=Damien Keown\|title=A Dictionary of Buddhism\|url= https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780198605607.001.0001/acref-9780198605607-e-1054?rskey=6R59Bf&result=1 \|date=26 August 2004\|publisher=OUP Oxford\|isbn=978-0-19-157917-2\|page=163}}</ref> and formed the core of the [[Haryanka dynasty\|Haryankan Empire]], [[Nanda Empire]], [[Mauryan Empire]], [[Shunga Empire]] and [[Gupta Empire]].

	==Geography==		==Geography==
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	==History==		==History==

	===Vedic period ~~(semi-legendary)~~ (ca. ~~1700~~ BCE-6th cent. BCE)===		===Vedic period (ca. 1200 BCE-6th cent. BCE)===
	{{Main\|Vedic period}}		{{Main\|Vedic period}}

2401:4900:75F6:EB78:25E3:F302:C6B9:D087: Acc to mahabharata & other puranic texts, the earliest ruling dynasty of Magadha was the Brihadratha dynasty, founded by King Brihadratha who settled somewhere around Kikata tribe in central gangetic plains. Brihadratha is a king from that non-vedic aryan tribe who established "MAGADHA" kingdom & it's cultural sphere primarily around the early Lichhavi of Vaishalis republic(present day in Vaishali, Bihar) approx around 1700 bce. Though this exact year can differ but 1700 bce is standard estimate

2026-09-13T13:17:22Z

Acc to mahabharata & other puranic texts, the earliest ruling dynasty of Magadha was the Brihadratha dynasty, founded by King Brihadratha who settled somewhere around Kikata tribe in central gangetic plains. Brihadratha is a king from that non-vedic aryan tribe who established "MAGADHA" kingdom & it's cultural sphere primarily around the early Lichhavi of Vaishalis republic(present day in Vaishali, Bihar) approx around 1700 bce. Though this exact year can differ but 1700 bce is standard estimate

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:47, 13 September 2026
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	\| common_name = Kingdom of Magadha		\| common_name = Kingdom of Magadha
	\| era = [[Iron Age in India\|Iron Age]]		\| era = [[Iron Age in India\|Iron Age]]
	\| life_span = Unknown (by ~~1200~~ BCE) – 625 CE		\| life_span = Unknown/Legendary (by 1700 BCE) – 625 CE
	\| government_type = <!-- [[Absolute monarchy]]{{efn\|as described in the ''[[Arthashastra]]''}} -->		\| government_type = <!-- [[Absolute monarchy]]{{efn\|as described in the ''[[Arthashastra]]''}} -->
	\| p1 = Kikata kingdom		\| p1 = Kikata kingdom

CoralRaphael599: slightly cleaned up article and added references

2026-03-20T23:44:41Z

slightly cleaned up article and added references

Show changes

CleanupBot: clean up

2023-11-24T05:53:21Z

clean up

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:23, 24 November 2023
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	Around 321 BCE, the Nanda Dynasty ended with the defeat of Dhana Nanda at the hands of [[Chandragupta Maurya]] who became the first king of the [[Maurya Empire\|Mauryan Empire]] with the help of his mentor [[Chanakya]]. The Empire later extended over most of India under King [[Ashoka]], who was at first known as 'Ashoka the Cruel' but later became a disciple of Buddhism and became known as '[[Dharma]] Ashoka'.<ref>Tenzin Tharpa, ''Tibetan Buddhist Essentials: A Study Guide for the 21st Century: Volume 1: Introduction, Origin, and Adaptation'', p.31</ref><ref>Sanjeev Sanyal (2016), ''The Ocean of Churn: How the Indian Ocean Shaped Human History'', section "Ashoka, the not so great"</ref> Later, the Mauryan Empire ended, as did the [[Shunga Empire\|Shunga]] and [[Kharavela\|Khārabēḷa]] empires, to be replaced by the [[Gupta Empire]]. The capital of the Gupta Empire remained Pataliputra in Magadha.		Around 321 BCE, the Nanda Dynasty ended with the defeat of Dhana Nanda at the hands of [[Chandragupta Maurya]] who became the first king of the [[Maurya Empire\|Mauryan Empire]] with the help of his mentor [[Chanakya]]. The Empire later extended over most of India under King [[Ashoka]], who was at first known as 'Ashoka the Cruel' but later became a disciple of Buddhism and became known as '[[Dharma]] Ashoka'.<ref>Tenzin Tharpa, ''Tibetan Buddhist Essentials: A Study Guide for the 21st Century: Volume 1: Introduction, Origin, and Adaptation'', p.31</ref><ref>Sanjeev Sanyal (2016), ''The Ocean of Churn: How the Indian Ocean Shaped Human History'', section "Ashoka, the not so great"</ref> Later, the Mauryan Empire ended, as did the [[Shunga Empire\|Shunga]] and [[Kharavela\|Khārabēḷa]] empires, to be replaced by the [[Gupta Empire]]. The capital of the Gupta Empire remained Pataliputra in Magadha.

	During the Pala-period in Magadha from the 11th to 13th century CE, a local Buddhist dynasty known as the [[Pithipatis of Bodh Gaya]] ruled as tributaries to Pala Empire.<ref name=Balogh2021>{{cite book \|last1=Balogh \|first1=Daniel \|title=Pithipati Puzzles: Custodians of the Diamond Throne \|date=2021 \|publisher=British Museum Research Publications \|pages=40–58 \|isbn=9780861592289 \|url=https:/~~/books.google.com/books?id=Lk0NzgEACAAJ}}</ref~~>		During the Pala-period in Magadha from the 11th to 13th century CE, a local Buddhist dynasty known as the [[Pithipatis of Bodh Gaya]] ruled as tributaries to Pala Empire.<ref name=Balogh2021/>

	==Buddhism and Jainism==		==Buddhism and Jainism==
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	[[File:Magadha kingdom coin Circa 350 BC AR Karshapana.jpg\|thumb\|Magadha kingdom coin, c. 350 BCE, Karshapana]]		[[File:Magadha kingdom coin Circa 350 BC AR Karshapana.jpg\|thumb\|Magadha kingdom coin, c. 350 BCE, Karshapana]]

	According to Indologist [[Johannes Bronkhorst]], the culture of Magadha was in fundamental ways different from the Vedic kingdoms of the [[Indo-Aryans]]. According to Bronkhorst, the [[Śramaṇa\|śramana]] culture arose in "[[Greater Magadha]]," which was Indo-Aryan, but not [[Historical Vedic religion\|Vedic]]. In this culture, [[Kshatriya~~\|Kshatriyas~~]] were placed higher than [[Brahmin~~\|Brahmins~~]], and it rejected [[Vedas\|Vedic]] authority and rituals.{{sfn\|Bronkhorst\|2007\|p={{pn\|date=April 2022}}}}<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Long \|first=Jeffery D. \|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/608555139 \|title=Jainism : an introduction \|date=2009 \|publisher=I.B. Tauris \|isbn=978-1-4416-3839-7 \|location=London \|oclc=608555139}}</ref> He argues for a cultural area termed "[[Greater Magadha]]", defined as roughly the geographical area in which the [[Buddha]] and [[Mahavira]] lived and taught.{{sfn\|Bronkhorst\|2007\|p={{pn\|date=April 2022}}}} Suggestive of this distinction, in some Vedic and post-Vedic rituals, a "Magadha man" represents the canonical non-Vedic "Barbarian", the Magadhan standing in for the presence of any and all non-Vedic peoples or the ritually impure.<ref name=Witzel>{{cite journal \|last=Witzel \|first=Michael \|title=Macrocosm, Mesocosm, and Microcosm: The Persistent Nature of 'Hindu' Beliefs and Symbolic Forms \|journal=International Journal of Hindu Studies \|volume=1 \|issue=3 \|year=1997 \|pages=501–539 \|doi=10.1007/s11407-997-0021-x \|jstor=20106493 \|s2cid=144673508 }}</ref>		According to Indologist [[Johannes Bronkhorst]], the culture of Magadha was in fundamental ways different from the Vedic kingdoms of the [[Indo-Aryans]]. According to Bronkhorst, the [[Śramaṇa\|śramana]] culture arose in "[[Greater Magadha]]," which was Indo-Aryan, but not [[Historical Vedic religion\|Vedic]]. In this culture, [[Kshatriya]]s were placed higher than [[Brahmin]]s, and it rejected [[Vedas\|Vedic]] authority and rituals.{{sfn\|Bronkhorst\|2007\|p={{pn\|date=April 2022}}}}<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Long \|first=Jeffery D. \|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/608555139 \|title=Jainism : an introduction \|date=2009 \|publisher=I.B. Tauris \|isbn=978-1-4416-3839-7 \|location=London \|oclc=608555139}}</ref> He argues for a cultural area termed "[[Greater Magadha]]", defined as roughly the geographical area in which the [[Buddha]] and [[Mahavira]] lived and taught.{{sfn\|Bronkhorst\|2007\|p={{pn\|date=April 2022}}}} Suggestive of this distinction, in some Vedic and post-Vedic rituals, a "Magadha man" represents the canonical non-Vedic "Barbarian", the Magadhan standing in for the presence of any and all non-Vedic peoples or the ritually impure.<ref name=Witzel>{{cite journal \|last=Witzel \|first=Michael \|title=Macrocosm, Mesocosm, and Microcosm: The Persistent Nature of 'Hindu' Beliefs and Symbolic Forms \|journal=International Journal of Hindu Studies \|volume=1 \|issue=3 \|year=1997 \|pages=501–539 \|doi=10.1007/s11407-997-0021-x \|jstor=20106493 \|s2cid=144673508 }}</ref>

	With regard to the Buddha, this area stretched by and large from [[Śrāvastī]], the capital of [[Kosala]], in the north-west to [[Rajgir\|Rājagṛha]], the capital of Magadha, in the south-east".{{sfn\|Bronkhorst\|2007 \|pp=xi, 4}} According to Bronkhorst "there was indeed a culture of Greater Magadha which remained recognizably distinct from Vedic culture until the time of the grammarian Patañjali (ca. 150 BCE) and beyond".{{sfn\|Bronkhorst\|2007\|p=265}} Vedic texts such as the Satapatha Brahmana demonize the inhabitants of this area as demonic and as speaking a barbarous speech. The Buddhologist Alexander Wynne writes that there is an "overwhelming amount of evidence" to suggest that this rival culture to the Vedic Aryans dominated the eastern Gangetic plain during the early Buddhist period. Orthodox Vedic Brahmins were, therefore, a minority in Magadha during this early period.<ref>{{Cite web \|url=https://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=31537\|title=Review of Bronkhorst, Johannes, Greater Magadha: Studies in the Culture of Early India\|last=Wynne\|first=Alexander\|date=2011\|website=H-Buddhism\|access-date=2019-08-25}}</ref>		With regard to the Buddha, this area stretched by and large from [[Śrāvastī]], the capital of [[Kosala]], in the north-west to [[Rajgir\|Rājagṛha]], the capital of Magadha, in the south-east".{{sfn\|Bronkhorst\|2007 \|pp=xi, 4}} According to Bronkhorst "there was indeed a culture of Greater Magadha which remained recognizably distinct from Vedic culture until the time of the grammarian Patañjali (ca. 150 BCE) and beyond".{{sfn\|Bronkhorst\|2007\|p=265}} Vedic texts such as the Satapatha Brahmana demonize the inhabitants of this area as demonic and as speaking a barbarous speech. The Buddhologist Alexander Wynne writes that there is an "overwhelming amount of evidence" to suggest that this rival culture to the Vedic Aryans dominated the eastern Gangetic plain during the early Buddhist period. Orthodox Vedic Brahmins were, therefore, a minority in Magadha during this early period.<ref>{{Cite web \|url=https://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=31537\|title=Review of Bronkhorst, Johannes, Greater Magadha: Studies in the Culture of Early India\|last=Wynne\|first=Alexander\|date=2011\|website=H-Buddhism\|access-date=2019-08-25}}</ref>
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	==Historical figures from Magadha==		==Historical figures from Magadha==
	[[File:Mahavir.jpg\|thumb\|upright\|The 24th Tirthankara of Jainism, Mahavira, who was born in Magadha to a royal family ]]		[[File:Mahavir.jpg\|thumb\|upright\|The 24th Tirthankara of Jainism, Mahavira, who was born in Magadha to a royal family]]

	Important people from the ancient region of Magadha include:		Important people from the ancient region of Magadha include:

Bharatwiki Socrates: /* History */

2023-11-10T09:59:49Z

History

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:29, 10 November 2023
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	[[File:Bamboo garden (Venuvana) at Rajagriha, the visit of Bimbisara.jpg\|thumb\|right\|King [[Bimbisara]] visits the Bamboo Garden (Venuvana) in Rajagriha; artwork from [[Sanchi]].]]		[[File:Bamboo garden (Venuvana) at Rajagriha, the visit of Bimbisara.jpg\|thumb\|right\|King [[Bimbisara]] visits the Bamboo Garden (Venuvana) in Rajagriha; artwork from [[Sanchi]].]]
	[[File:Nanda Empire, c.325 BCE.png\|thumb\|left\|Nanda empire 450 BCE or 346 BCE]]		[[File:Nanda Empire, c.325 BCE.png\|thumb\|left\|Nanda empire 450 BCE or 346 BCE]]
	[[File:~~Mauryan~~ Empire 260 BCE.png\|thumb\|left\|Maurya Empire, c. 260 BCE]]		[[File:Maurya Empire c.260 BCE.png\|thumb\|left\|Maurya Empire, c. 260 BCE]]

	Some scholars have identified the [[Kikata Kingdom\|Kīkaṭa]] tribe—mentioned in the [[Rigveda]] (3.53.14) with their ruler Pramaganda—as the forefathers of [[Magadha Kingdom\|Magadhas]] because Kikata is used as synonym for Magadha in the later texts;<ref>{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t6TVLlPvuMAC&pg=PA159\|title=Vedic Index of Names and Subjects\|last1=Macdonell\|first1=Arthur Anthony\|last2=Keith\|first2=Arthur Berriedale\|date=1995\|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishe\|isbn=9788120813328\|language=en}}</ref> Like the Magadhas in the Atharvaveda, the Rigveda speaks of the Kikatas as a hostile tribe, living on the borders of Brahmanical India, who did not perform Vedic rituals.<ref name="Witzel1995">M. Witzel. "[https://books.google.com/books?id=OZ0gAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA333 Rigvedic history: poets, chieftains, and polities]," in ''The Indo-Aryans of Ancient South Asia: Language, Material Culture and Ethnicity.'' ed. G. Erdosy (Walter de Gruyer, 1995), p. 333</ref>		Some scholars have identified the [[Kikata Kingdom\|Kīkaṭa]] tribe—mentioned in the [[Rigveda]] (3.53.14) with their ruler Pramaganda—as the forefathers of [[Magadha Kingdom\|Magadhas]] because Kikata is used as synonym for Magadha in the later texts;<ref>{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t6TVLlPvuMAC&pg=PA159\|title=Vedic Index of Names and Subjects\|last1=Macdonell\|first1=Arthur Anthony\|last2=Keith\|first2=Arthur Berriedale\|date=1995\|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishe\|isbn=9788120813328\|language=en}}</ref> Like the Magadhas in the Atharvaveda, the Rigveda speaks of the Kikatas as a hostile tribe, living on the borders of Brahmanical India, who did not perform Vedic rituals.<ref name="Witzel1995">M. Witzel. "[https://books.google.com/books?id=OZ0gAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA333 Rigvedic history: poets, chieftains, and polities]," in ''The Indo-Aryans of Ancient South Asia: Language, Material Culture and Ethnicity.'' ed. G. Erdosy (Walter de Gruyer, 1995), p. 333</ref>

Bharatwiki Socrates: /* History */Improved, 260 BCE

2023-10-26T11:11:01Z

History: Improved, 260 BCE

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:41, 26 October 2023
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	[[File:Bamboo garden (Venuvana) at Rajagriha, the visit of Bimbisara.jpg\|thumb\|right\|King [[Bimbisara]] visits the Bamboo Garden (Venuvana) in Rajagriha; artwork from [[Sanchi]].]]		[[File:Bamboo garden (Venuvana) at Rajagriha, the visit of Bimbisara.jpg\|thumb\|right\|King [[Bimbisara]] visits the Bamboo Garden (Venuvana) in Rajagriha; artwork from [[Sanchi]].]]
	[[File:Nanda Empire, c.325 BCE.png\|thumb\|left\|Nanda empire 450 BCE or 346 BCE]]		[[File:Nanda Empire, c.325 BCE.png\|thumb\|left\|Nanda empire 450 BCE or 346 BCE]]
	[[File:~~Maurya~~ Empire~~, c.250~~ BCE 2.png\|thumb\|left\|Maurya Empire, c. ~~250~~ BCE]]		[[File:Mauryan Empire 260 BCE.png\|thumb\|left\|Maurya Empire, c. 260 BCE]]

	Some scholars have identified the [[Kikata Kingdom\|Kīkaṭa]] tribe—mentioned in the [[Rigveda]] (3.53.14) with their ruler Pramaganda—as the forefathers of [[Magadha Kingdom\|Magadhas]] because Kikata is used as synonym for Magadha in the later texts;<ref>{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t6TVLlPvuMAC&pg=PA159\|title=Vedic Index of Names and Subjects\|last1=Macdonell\|first1=Arthur Anthony\|last2=Keith\|first2=Arthur Berriedale\|date=1995\|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishe\|isbn=9788120813328\|language=en}}</ref> Like the Magadhas in the Atharvaveda, the Rigveda speaks of the Kikatas as a hostile tribe, living on the borders of Brahmanical India, who did not perform Vedic rituals.<ref name="Witzel1995">M. Witzel. "[https://books.google.com/books?id=OZ0gAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA333 Rigvedic history: poets, chieftains, and polities]," in ''The Indo-Aryans of Ancient South Asia: Language, Material Culture and Ethnicity.'' ed. G. Erdosy (Walter de Gruyer, 1995), p. 333</ref>		Some scholars have identified the [[Kikata Kingdom\|Kīkaṭa]] tribe—mentioned in the [[Rigveda]] (3.53.14) with their ruler Pramaganda—as the forefathers of [[Magadha Kingdom\|Magadhas]] because Kikata is used as synonym for Magadha in the later texts;<ref>{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t6TVLlPvuMAC&pg=PA159\|title=Vedic Index of Names and Subjects\|last1=Macdonell\|first1=Arthur Anthony\|last2=Keith\|first2=Arthur Berriedale\|date=1995\|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishe\|isbn=9788120813328\|language=en}}</ref> Like the Magadhas in the Atharvaveda, the Rigveda speaks of the Kikatas as a hostile tribe, living on the borders of Brahmanical India, who did not perform Vedic rituals.<ref name="Witzel1995">M. Witzel. "[https://books.google.com/books?id=OZ0gAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA333 Rigvedic history: poets, chieftains, and polities]," in ''The Indo-Aryans of Ancient South Asia: Language, Material Culture and Ethnicity.'' ed. G. Erdosy (Walter de Gruyer, 1995), p. 333</ref>

Bharatwiki Socrates: One map is enough for Magadha.

2023-10-26T11:09:14Z

One map is enough for Magadha.

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:39, 26 October 2023
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	\| image_map = Mahajanapadas (c. 500 BCE).png		\| image_map = Mahajanapadas (c. 500 BCE).png
	\| image_map_caption = Magadha and other Mahajanapadas in the period of the Second Urbanization, early Historic Period.		\| image_map_caption = Magadha and other Mahajanapadas in the period of the Second Urbanization, early Historic Period.
	~~\| image_map2 = Magadha Expansion 1.gif~~
	~~\| image_map2_caption = Territorial expansion of the Maurya empire 6th century BCE onwards~~
	\| capital = [[Rajgir\|Rajagriha]] (Girivraj)<br/>Later, [[Pataliputra]] (modern-day [[Patna]])		\| capital = [[Rajgir\|Rajagriha]] (Girivraj)<br/>Later, [[Pataliputra]] (modern-day [[Patna]])
	\| common_languages = [[Magadhi Prakrit]]<br/> [[Ardhamagadhi Prakrit]]		\| common_languages = [[Magadhi Prakrit]]<br/> [[Ardhamagadhi Prakrit]]

UpdateBot: robot: Update article

2022-04-29T09:07:10Z

robot: Update article

Show changes

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:29, 10 November 2023
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	[[File:Bamboo garden (Venuvana) at Rajagriha, the visit of Bimbisara.jpg\|thumb\|right\|King [[Bimbisara]] visits the Bamboo Garden (Venuvana) in Rajagriha; artwork from [[Sanchi]].]]		[[File:Bamboo garden (Venuvana) at Rajagriha, the visit of Bimbisara.jpg\|thumb\|right\|King [[Bimbisara]] visits the Bamboo Garden (Venuvana) in Rajagriha; artwork from [[Sanchi]].]]
	[[File:Nanda Empire, c.325 BCE.png\|thumb\|left\|Nanda empire 450 BCE or 346 BCE]]		[[File:Nanda Empire, c.325 BCE.png\|thumb\|left\|Nanda empire 450 BCE or 346 BCE]]
	[[File:~~Mauryan~~ Empire 260 BCE.png\|thumb\|left\|Maurya Empire, c. 260 BCE]]		[[File:Maurya Empire c.260 BCE.png\|thumb\|left\|Maurya Empire, c. 260 BCE]]

	Some scholars have identified the [[Kikata Kingdom\|Kīkaṭa]] tribe—mentioned in the [[Rigveda]] (3.53.14) with their ruler Pramaganda—as the forefathers of [[Magadha Kingdom\|Magadhas]] because Kikata is used as synonym for Magadha in the later texts;<ref>{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t6TVLlPvuMAC&pg=PA159\|title=Vedic Index of Names and Subjects\|last1=Macdonell\|first1=Arthur Anthony\|last2=Keith\|first2=Arthur Berriedale\|date=1995\|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishe\|isbn=9788120813328\|language=en}}</ref> Like the Magadhas in the Atharvaveda, the Rigveda speaks of the Kikatas as a hostile tribe, living on the borders of Brahmanical India, who did not perform Vedic rituals.<ref name="Witzel1995">M. Witzel. "[https://books.google.com/books?id=OZ0gAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA333 Rigvedic history: poets, chieftains, and polities]," in ''The Indo-Aryans of Ancient South Asia: Language, Material Culture and Ethnicity.'' ed. G. Erdosy (Walter de Gruyer, 1995), p. 333</ref>		Some scholars have identified the [[Kikata Kingdom\|Kīkaṭa]] tribe—mentioned in the [[Rigveda]] (3.53.14) with their ruler Pramaganda—as the forefathers of [[Magadha Kingdom\|Magadhas]] because Kikata is used as synonym for Magadha in the later texts;<ref>{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t6TVLlPvuMAC&pg=PA159\|title=Vedic Index of Names and Subjects\|last1=Macdonell\|first1=Arthur Anthony\|last2=Keith\|first2=Arthur Berriedale\|date=1995\|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishe\|isbn=9788120813328\|language=en}}</ref> Like the Magadhas in the Atharvaveda, the Rigveda speaks of the Kikatas as a hostile tribe, living on the borders of Brahmanical India, who did not perform Vedic rituals.<ref name="Witzel1995">M. Witzel. "[https://books.google.com/books?id=OZ0gAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA333 Rigvedic history: poets, chieftains, and polities]," in ''The Indo-Aryans of Ancient South Asia: Language, Material Culture and Ethnicity.'' ed. G. Erdosy (Walter de Gruyer, 1995), p. 333</ref>

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:41, 26 October 2023
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	[[File:Bamboo garden (Venuvana) at Rajagriha, the visit of Bimbisara.jpg\|thumb\|right\|King [[Bimbisara]] visits the Bamboo Garden (Venuvana) in Rajagriha; artwork from [[Sanchi]].]]		[[File:Bamboo garden (Venuvana) at Rajagriha, the visit of Bimbisara.jpg\|thumb\|right\|King [[Bimbisara]] visits the Bamboo Garden (Venuvana) in Rajagriha; artwork from [[Sanchi]].]]
	[[File:Nanda Empire, c.325 BCE.png\|thumb\|left\|Nanda empire 450 BCE or 346 BCE]]		[[File:Nanda Empire, c.325 BCE.png\|thumb\|left\|Nanda empire 450 BCE or 346 BCE]]
	[[File:~~Maurya~~ Empire~~, c.250~~ BCE 2.png\|thumb\|left\|Maurya Empire, c. ~~250~~ BCE]]		[[File:Mauryan Empire 260 BCE.png\|thumb\|left\|Maurya Empire, c. 260 BCE]]

	Some scholars have identified the [[Kikata Kingdom\|Kīkaṭa]] tribe—mentioned in the [[Rigveda]] (3.53.14) with their ruler Pramaganda—as the forefathers of [[Magadha Kingdom\|Magadhas]] because Kikata is used as synonym for Magadha in the later texts;<ref>{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t6TVLlPvuMAC&pg=PA159\|title=Vedic Index of Names and Subjects\|last1=Macdonell\|first1=Arthur Anthony\|last2=Keith\|first2=Arthur Berriedale\|date=1995\|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishe\|isbn=9788120813328\|language=en}}</ref> Like the Magadhas in the Atharvaveda, the Rigveda speaks of the Kikatas as a hostile tribe, living on the borders of Brahmanical India, who did not perform Vedic rituals.<ref name="Witzel1995">M. Witzel. "[https://books.google.com/books?id=OZ0gAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA333 Rigvedic history: poets, chieftains, and polities]," in ''The Indo-Aryans of Ancient South Asia: Language, Material Culture and Ethnicity.'' ed. G. Erdosy (Walter de Gruyer, 1995), p. 333</ref>		Some scholars have identified the [[Kikata Kingdom\|Kīkaṭa]] tribe—mentioned in the [[Rigveda]] (3.53.14) with their ruler Pramaganda—as the forefathers of [[Magadha Kingdom\|Magadhas]] because Kikata is used as synonym for Magadha in the later texts;<ref>{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t6TVLlPvuMAC&pg=PA159\|title=Vedic Index of Names and Subjects\|last1=Macdonell\|first1=Arthur Anthony\|last2=Keith\|first2=Arthur Berriedale\|date=1995\|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishe\|isbn=9788120813328\|language=en}}</ref> Like the Magadhas in the Atharvaveda, the Rigveda speaks of the Kikatas as a hostile tribe, living on the borders of Brahmanical India, who did not perform Vedic rituals.<ref name="Witzel1995">M. Witzel. "[https://books.google.com/books?id=OZ0gAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA333 Rigvedic history: poets, chieftains, and polities]," in ''The Indo-Aryans of Ancient South Asia: Language, Material Culture and Ethnicity.'' ed. G. Erdosy (Walter de Gruyer, 1995), p. 333</ref>