Nadeem Ahmed: page updated

2025-07-28T04:21:04Z

page updated

CleanupBot II: Removed empty portal template using script

2023-08-14T10:17:18Z

Removed empty portal template using script

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:47, 14 August 2023
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	==See also==		==See also==
	~~{{Portal\|India\|Nuclear technology\|Energy}}~~
	* [[List of power stations in India]]		* [[List of power stations in India]]
	* [[Nuclear power in India]]		* [[Nuclear power in India]]
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	==References==		==References==
	{{Reflist}}		{{Reflist}}
	~~{{Portal bar\|India\|Energy}}~~

	==External links==		==External links==

->Sngineer: Add Capacity factor and generation actual data for 2020-21 from NPP

2021-10-10T17:33:07Z

Add Capacity factor and generation actual data for 2020-21 from NPP

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:03, 10 October 2021
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			{{Short description\|Nuclear power plant south of Chennai, India}}
	{{Use Indian English\|date=June 2015}}		{{Use Indian English\|date=June 2015}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=August 2021}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=August 2021}}
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	\|commissioned = Units 1: {{Start date\|df=yes\|1984\|01\|27}}<br/>Units 2: {{Start date\|df=yes\|1986\|03\|21}}		\|commissioned = Units 1: {{Start date\|df=yes\|1984\|01\|27}}<br/>Units 2: {{Start date\|df=yes\|1986\|03\|21}}
	\|decommissioned =		\|decommissioned =
			\| np_reactors = 2
	\| np_reactor_type = Units 1 & 2: [[IPHWR-220]]<br/>PFBR: [[PFBR\|Prototype]]<br/>FBR-1&2: [[FBR-600]]		\| np_reactor_type = Units 1 & 2: [[IPHWR-220]]<br/>PFBR: [[PFBR\|Prototype]]<br/>FBR-1&2: [[FBR-600]]
	\| np_reactor_supplier = Units 1 & 2: [[Bhabha Atomic Research Centre\|BARC]]/[[NPCIL]]<br/>PFBR,FBR-1&2: [[IGCAR]]/[[BHAVINI]]		\| np_reactor_supplier = Units 1 & 2: [[Bhabha Atomic Research Centre\|BARC]]/[[NPCIL]]<br/>PFBR,FBR-1&2: [[IGCAR]]/[[BHAVINI]]
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	\| ps_units_uc = 1 × 500 MW		\| ps_units_uc = 1 × 500 MW
	\| ps_units_planned = 2 × 600 MW		\| ps_units_planned = 2 × 600 MW
	\| ps_electrical_capacity = <!-- ~~sum of gross reactor power-~~->~~470~~		\| ps_electrical_capacity = 410
	\| ~~ps_annual_generation~~ = ~~2,311~~		\| ps_annual_generation = 1703.92 [[Kilowatt-hour#Multiples\|GW.h]] (2020-21)<ref name="npp_capfactor_2020-21">{{cite web \|title=Monthly Genration Reports Actual for Apr-2021 : Central Sector Nuclear \|url=https://npp.gov.in/public-reports/cea/monthly/generation/18%20col%20act/2021/MAR//18%20col%20act-10_2021-MAR.pdf \|website=National Power Portal \|publisher=Central Electricity Authority \|access-date=10 October 2021}}</ref>
	\| ~~ps_electrical_cap_fac~~ = 56.1%~~<!-- 2,311,000 MWh~~/~~year~~ / ~~( 470 MW * 365 days~~/~~year * 24h~~/~~day)~~ = 0.~~561~~ -->		\| ps_electrical_cap_fac = 44.21% (2020-21)<ref name="npp_capfactor_2020-21"/>
	\|website = [http://www.npcil.nic.in/ Nuclear power Corporation of India Ltd]		\|website = [http://www.npcil.nic.in/ Nuclear power Corporation of India Ltd]
	}}		}}

imported>Dawnseeker2000: date format audit, minor formatting

2021-08-05T10:10:35Z

date format audit, minor formatting

New page

{{Use Indian English|date=June 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox power station
|name = Madras Atomic Power station
|image =
|image_caption =
|country = India
|coordinates = {{coord|12|33|27|N|80|10|30|E|region:IN_type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
|owner = Units 1 & 2: [[NPCIL]] PFBR,FBR-1&2: [[BHAVINI]]
|operator = Units 1 & 2: [[NPCIL]] PFBR,FBR-1&2: [[BHAVINI]]
|construction_began = Units 1 & 2: {{Start date|df=yes|1970|}} PFBR: {{Start date|df=yes|2004|01|}}
|commissioned = Units 1: {{Start date|df=yes|1984|01|27}} Units 2: {{Start date|df=yes|1986|03|21}}
|decommissioned =
| np_reactor_type = Units 1 & 2: [[IPHWR-220]] PFBR: [[PFBR|Prototype]] FBR-1&2: [[FBR-600]]
| np_reactor_supplier = Units 1 & 2: [[Bhabha Atomic Research Centre|BARC]]/[[NPCIL]] PFBR,FBR-1&2: [[IGCAR]]/[[BHAVINI]]
|ps_cooling_source = [[Bay of Bengal]]
|ps_cooling_towers =
| ps_units_operational = 2 × 220 MW
| ps_units_decommissioned =
| ps_units_uc = 1 × 500 MW
| ps_units_planned = 2 × 600 MW
| ps_electrical_capacity = 470
| ps_annual_generation = 2,311
| ps_electrical_cap_fac = 56.1%
|website = [http://www.npcil.nic.in/ Nuclear power Corporation of India Ltd]
}}
'''Madras Atomic Power Station''' ('''MAPS''') located at [[Kalpakkam]] about {{convert|80|km|mi}} south of [[Chennai]], [[India]], is a comprehensive [[nuclear power]] production, fuel [[Nuclear reprocessing|reprocessing]], and [[Nuclear waste|waste treatment]] facility that includes [[plutonium]] [[Nuclear fuel|fuel fabrication]] for [[fast breeder reactor]]s (FBRs). It is also India's first fully indigenously constructed nuclear power station, with two units each generating 220 MW of electricity. The first and second units of the station went critical in 1983 and 1985, respectively. The station has reactors housed in a reactor building with double shell containment improving protection also in the case of a [[loss-of-coolant accident]]. An Interim Storage Facility (ISF) is also located in Kalpakkam.

The facility is also home to India's first large scale [[fast breeder reactor]] of 500 MWe called the [[Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor]] operated by [[BHAVINI]] and will also be the site of first two [[FBR-600]] commercial fast breeder reactors.<ref name=chetal>{{cite journal |last1=Chetal |first1=SC |title=Beyond PFBR to FBR 1 and 2 |journal=IGC Newsletter |date=January 2013 |volume=95 |page=2 |url=http://www.igcar.gov.in/lis/nl95/igc95.pdf|publisher=[[Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research]] |access-date=16 April 2021}}</ref>

== History ==
During its construction, a total of 3.8 [[lakh]] (380,000) railway sleeper (logs) were brought from all over India to lift the 180 ton critical equipment in the first unit, due to lack of proper infrastructure and handling equipment.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/content/madras-atomic-power-station-marks-silver-jubilee|title=MAPS Silver Jubilee Celebration|website=indiaenvironmentportal.org.in|publisher=India Environment Portal|archiveurl=https://archive.is/20121218191237/http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/content/madras-atomic-power-station-marks-silver-jubilee|archivedate=18 December 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>

{{Asof|July 2016}} the [[Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor]] (PFBR) was in its final construction stage, and was expected to reach criticality in March 2017 with 500 MW of electricity production.<ref name=chetal/><ref>{{cite web | url =http://dae.nic.in/writereaddata/parl/monsoon2016/rsus1184.pdf | title =Answer on 28.07.2016 to Rajya Sabha unstarred question no.1184 to Government of India Department of Atomic Energy | last1 =Singh | first1 =Jitendra | author-link1 =Jitendra Singh (Congress politician) | date =28 July 2016 | website =dae.nic.in | publisher =Department of Atomic Energy, Government of India. | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20160808121517/http://dae.nic.in/writereaddata/parl/monsoon2016/rsus1184.pdf | archive-date =8 August 2016 | url-status =dead | access-date =8 August 2016 | quote =PFBR is poised for first criticality by March, 2017. }}</ref>
The following month the loading of the 1750 ton liquid [[sodium]] coolant were expected to happen in four to five months, with sources in the [[Department of Atomic Energy]] reporting that criticality would likely be reached only around May 2017.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/prototype-fast-breeder-reactor-likely-to-be-delayed/article8919482.ece | title = Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor likely to be delayed | last1 =Rohit | first1 =T.K. | date = 30 July 2016 | work = [[The Hindu]] | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20160730011953/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/prototype-fast-breeder-reactor-likely-to-be-delayed/article8919482.ece | archive-date =30 July 2016 | url-status =live | access-date =8 August 2016 }}</ref>

== Reactors ==
The facility houses two indigenously built Pressurised Heavy-Water Reactors ([[PHWR]]s), MAPS-1 and MAPS-2 designed to produce 235 MW of electricity each.<ref name=NTI/> MAPS-1 was completed in 1981, but start-up was delayed due to a shortage of [[heavy water]]. After procuring the necessary heavy water, MAPS-1 went critical in 1983 and began operating at full power on 27 January 1984. MAPS-2 obtained criticality in 1985 and began full power operations on 21 March 1986.<ref name=NTI>{{cite web|url= http://www.nti.org/e_research/profiles/India/Nuclear/2103_2460.html |title= NTI: Country Overviews: India: Nuclear Facilities Madras Atomic Power Station (MAPS) |work= [[Nuclear Threat Initiative]] |date=September 2003 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20040317171051/http://www.nti.org/e_research/profiles/India/Nuclear/2103_2460.html |archive-date= 2004-03-17 |access-date= 2017-02-18 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>[http://www.npcil.nic.in/main/ProjectOperationDisplay.aspx?ReactorID=75 Plants Under Operation - Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141108194125/http://www.npcil.nic.in/main/ProjectOperationDisplay.aspx?ReactorID=75 |date=8 November 2014 }}. Npcil.nic.in. Retrieved 2013-12-06.</ref>

With India not being a signatory to the [[Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons]] the reactors have since 1985 been delivering their [[spent fuel]] to the [[nuclear reprocessing]] plant at Tarapur, providing the country with [[IAEA safeguards|unsafeguarded]] [[plutonium]].<ref name=NTI/>

A beachhead at Kalpakkam also hosts India's first indigenous [[Pressurised water reactor|Pressurised (light) water reactor]] (PWR). The 80 MW reactor was developed by [[Bhabha Atomic Research Centre]] (BARC) as the land-based prototype of the nuclear power unit for India's nuclear submarines.<ref>{{cite news|url = http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/pwr-building-shows-indigenous-capability-says-kakodkar/article195785.ece|location = Chennai, India|work = The Hindu|title = PWR building shows indigenous capability, says Kakodkar|date = 3 August 2009}}</ref> This unit does not come under MAPS.

== Units ==
{| class="wikitable"
! Unit !! Type !! Gross MW !! Construction start !! Operation start !! Notes
|-
|colspan="6" align="center"| '''Operated by NPCIL'''
|-
| MAPS-1 || [[IPHWR-220]] || 220 || 1970 || 27 January 1984
| <ref name="maps_pac_report">{{cite book |title=Hundred and sixty second report Public Accounts Committee (Eighth Lok Sabha) 1988-89 Madras Atomic Power Project, Department of Atomic Energy |date=27 April 1989 |publisher=[[Lok Sabha]] |page=40 |url=https://eparlib.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/4067/1/pac_8_162_1989.pdf |access-date=16 April 2021}}</ref>
|-
| MAPS-2 || [[IPHWR-220]] || 220 || 1970 || 21 March 1986
| <ref name="maps_pac_report"|page=40/>
|-
|colspan="6" align="center"| '''Operated by BHAVINI'''
|-
| PFBR || [[PFBR]] || 500 || January 2004 ||
|
|-
| FBR-1 || [[FBR-600]] || 600 || ||
|
|-
| FBR-2 || [[FBR-600]] || 600 || ||
|
|}

== Incidents ==
The reactors' coolant pipes have been plagued by vibrations and cracking with substantial cracking in the reactor coolant system. This cracking has led to the discovery of [[Zircaloy]] pieces in a moderator pump, requiring the power generation to be lowered to 170 MW.<ref name=NTI/>

On 26 March 1999 large amounts of heavy water spilled at MAPS-2, exposing seven technicians to heavy [[radiation dose|doses of radiation]].<ref name=NTI/>

==See also==
{{Portal|India|Nuclear technology|Energy}}
* [[List of power stations in India]]
* [[Nuclear power in India]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Portal bar|India|Energy}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060517070700/http://www.npcil.nic.in/maps.asp Nuclear power Corporation of India Ltd]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20141108194125/http://www.npcil.nic.in/main/ProjectOperationDisplay.aspx?ReactorID=75 Plants Under Operation: Madras Atomic Power Station]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110904033144/http://www.nti.org/e_research/profiles/India/Nuclear/facilities.html NTI India Profile]
*

{{Nuclear power in India}}
{{Kanchipuram district}}
{{Power Plants of Tamil Nadu}}

[[Category:Nuclear reprocessing sites]]
[[Category:Nuclear power stations in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Nuclear power stations with reactors under construction]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Kanchipuram district]]
[[Category:Power plants in Chennai]]
[[Category:Civilian nuclear power accidents]]
[[Category:1984 establishments in Tamil Nadu]]

Madras Atomic Power Station - Revision history

Nadeem Ahmed: page updated

CleanupBot II: Removed empty portal template using script

->Sngineer: Add Capacity factor and generation actual data for 2020-21 from NPP

imported>Dawnseeker2000: date format audit, minor formatting