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{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
[[File:Madhyama (Ma).jpg|thumb|Madhyama (Ma)]]
'''Madhyama'''/'''Madhyam''' is the fourth [[svara]] from the seven svaras of [[Hindustani music]] and [[Carnatic music]].<ref>https://raag-hindustani.com/Notes.html</ref> Madhyama is the long form of the syllable म.<ref>https://brainly.in/question/4916824</ref> For simplicity in pronouncing while singing the syllable, Madhyama is pronounced as Ma (notation - M). It is also called as मध्यम in the [[Devanagri]] script.

==More information and importance of Madhyama==
The following is the information about Madhyama and its importance in [[Indian classical music]] :

* Madhyama is the fourth svara in an octave or [[Saptak]].
* Ma is the immediate next svara of [[Gāndhāra]] (Ga).
* The [[svara]] of Madhyama is {{lang|hi-Latn|tivra}} and {{lang|hi-Latn|Shuddha}}. In fact Madhyama is the only {{lang|hi-Latn|tivra}} [[svara]] in the [[Saptak]].
* It is said that Sadja is the basic svara from which all the other six svaras are produced. Breaking the word Sadja yields Shad And Ja. It means that Shad is six and ja is 'giving birth' in [[marathi (language)|Marathi]].<ref>https://saxonianfolkways.wordpress.com/2013/01/30/the-7-shadows-of-shadja</ref> So basically the translation is :
'''षड् - 6, ज -जन्म . Therefore, it collectively means giving birth to the other six notes of the music.'''
So the svara Ma is formed from [[Sadja]].
* The frequency of Madhyama is 320 Hz. The frequencies of the 7 svaras are also given below: Sa 240 Hz, Re 270 Hz, Ga 300 Hz, Ma 320 Hz, Pa 360 Hz, Dha 400 Hz, and Ni 450 Hz, Sa 480 Hz (Taar Saptak) ........ (and so on).
Consequently, the Ma after the Ga of 600 Hz (Taar Saptak) has a frequency of 640 Hz i.e. the double of the Lower octave Ma.
* There are 4 [[Shruti]]'s of Madhyama. Previously the main Shruti not only for Ma but for all the other svaras was on the last Shruti but now it is considered to be on the 1st Shurti.
For example if these are the 4 Shruti's of Ma then,

'''Previously this was the position of the main Shruti of Ma'''.
'''^'''
'''1 2 3 4'''
''' ^'''
'''But now this position has become the main Shruti of Ma'''.

* All the other svaras except Sadja(Sa) and Pancham (Pa) can be {{lang|ti-Latn|komal}} or {{lang|ti-Latn|tivra}} svaras but Sa and Pa are always Shuddha svaras. And hence svaras Sa and Pa are called '''Achal Svaras''', since these svaras don't move from their original position. Svaras Ra, Ga, Ma, Dha, Ni are called '''Chal Svaras''', since these svaras move from their original position.

'''Sa, Re, Ga, Ma, Pa, Dha, Ni - Shuddha Svaras'''

'''Re, Ga, Dha, Ni - {{lang|hi-Latn|Komal}} Svaras'''

'''Ma - {{lang|hi-Latn|Tivra}} Svaras'''

Ma is a Shuddha Svara as well as a Tivra Svara. But Ma is the only Tivra Svara. This is denoted as '''''म॓''''' .

* Ragas from [[Kalyan Thaat]], [[Poorvi Thaat]], [[Marwa Thaat]], [[Todi Thaat]] have Tivra Madhyama, rest of the [[thaat]]s have Shuddha Madhyama.
* Ragas where Ma is the Vadi svara - Raga [[Kedar (raga)|Kedar]], etc. Ragas where Ma is the Samvadi svara - Raga [[Malkauns]].
* Hypothetically speaking, Ma is said to be the Mahipal - Lord Indra, Mahipal as in, the three main gods, [[Bhrama]], [[Vishnu]] and [[Shiva]] were first created i.e. Sakar Bhrama (Sa) and then these three gods created Rishimuni i.e. Re and then [[Gandharvas]] were created for singing and then lord Indra or Raja Indra i.e. Mahipal was created. Ma is made the acronym of [[Lord Indra|Mahipal]] for showing the importance of the syllable Ma.<ref>https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-significance-of-Seven-Sur-Sa-Re-Ga-Ma-Pa-Dha-Ni-Sa-in-music</ref>
* Madhyama is said to be sourced from call of the [[heron]].<ref>https://adharashadja.wordpress.com/2017/03/21/swara-and-shruti/#:~:text=SHRUTIS</ref><ref>https://www.dollsofindia.com/library/raga_ragini/</ref>
* Madhyama is associated with the planet [[Moon]].<ref>https://adharashadja.wordpress.com/2017/03/21/swara-and-shruti/#:~:text=SHRUTIS</ref>
* Madhyama is associated with [[White]] colour.<ref>https://adharashadja.wordpress.com/2017/03/21/swara-and-shruti/#:~:text=SHRUTIS</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of Ragas in Hindustani classical music]]
* [[Svara]]
* [[Shruti (music)]]
* [[Chalan (music)|Chalan]]
* [[Ṣaḍja]] (Sa)
* [[Ṛiṣabha]] (Re)
* [[Gāndhāra]] (Ga)
* [[Panchama]] (Pa)
* [[Dhaivat]] (Dha)
* [[Niṣāda]] (Ni)
----
[[Ma (svara)]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Hindustani music]]
[[Category:Carnatic music]]

Madhyama (music) - Revision history

imported>Graeme Bartlett: lang mark