Madhavrao II - Revision history

2409:4042:4C15:8E4C:C126:466:2999:D258 at 17:29, 6 June 2022

2022-06-06T17:29:58Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:59, 6 June 2022
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			{{Short description\|12th Peshwa of Maratha Empire}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=March 2014}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=March 2014}}
	{{more citations needed\|date=February 2013}}		{{more citations needed\|date=February 2013}}
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	\| honorific-prefix = <i>'''[[Peshwa\|Shrimant Peshwa]]'''<br>'''Maharajadhiraj '''<br>'''Vakil-ul-Mutlaq''' '''(Regent of the Empire)'''		\| honorific-prefix = <i>'''[[Peshwa\|Shrimant Peshwa]]'''<br>'''Maharajadhiraj '''<br>'''Vakil-ul-Mutlaq''' '''(Regent of the Empire)'''
	</i>		</i>
	\| name = ~~Sawai~~ Madhav Rao		\| name = Madhav Rao II
	\| honorific-suffix =		\| honorific-suffix =
	\| image = ~~[[File:~~Madhav Rao Narayan, the Maratha Peshwa with Nana Fadnavis and Attendants.jpg\|~~250px\|Peshwa~~ Madhav Rao Narayan ~~with Nana Fadnavis.]]~~		\| image = Madhav Rao Narayan, the Maratha Peshwa with Nana Fadnavis and Attendants (cropped).jpg
			\| caption = Madhav Rao Narayan
	\| imagesize =		\| imagesize =
	\| office1 = [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg\|border\|33x30px]]12th [[Peshwa]] of the [[Maratha Empire]]		\| office1 = [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg\|border\|33x30px]]12th [[Peshwa]] of the [[Maratha Empire]]
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	\| death_date = {{Death date and age\|df=yes\|1795\|10\|27\|1774\|4\|18}}, [[Shaniwar Wada]], [[Pune]], [[Maratha Empire]].		\| death_date = {{Death date and age\|df=yes\|1795\|10\|27\|1774\|4\|18}}, [[Shaniwar Wada]], [[Pune]], [[Maratha Empire]].
	\| profession = [[Peshwa]]		\| profession = [[Peshwa]]
	~~\| nationality = [[Maratha Empire\|Maratha]]~~
	\| parents = [[Narayanrao Peshwa]](Father)<br>Gangabai Sathe(Mother)		\| parents = [[Narayanrao Peshwa]](Father)<br>Gangabai Sathe(Mother)
	\| relations = [[Vishwasrao]](Uncle)<br>		\| relations = [[Vishwasrao]](Uncle)<br>[[Madhavrao I]](Uncle)<br>[[Nanasaheb Peshwa]](Grandfather)<br>[[Gopikabai]](Grandmother)
	[[Madhavrao I]](Uncle)<br>
	[[Nanasaheb Peshwa]](Grandfather)<br>[[Gopikabai]](Grandmother)~~<br>~~
	\| residence = [[Shaniwarwada]], [[Pune]], [[Maratha Empire]]		\| residence = [[Shaniwarwada]], [[Pune]], [[Maratha Empire]]
	}}		}}
	'''~~Shrimant Peshwa~~ Madhav Rao Bhat II''' (18 April 1774 – 27 October 1795) was the 12th [[Peshwa]] of the [[Maratha Empire]] in India, from his infancy. He was known as Sawai Madhav Rao or Madhav Rao Narayan. He was the posthumous son of [[Narayanrao Peshwa]], murdered in 1773 on the orders of [[Raghunathrao]]. Madhavrao II was considered the legal heir, and was installed as ''Peshwa'' by the [[Treaty of Salbai]]<ref name="google">{{cite book\|title=The Pearson General Studies Manual 2009, 1/e\|author=Thorpe, S.T.E.\|year=2009\|publisher=Pearson Education\|isbn=9788131721339\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oAo1X2eagywC\|page=96\|access-date=2014-10-12}}</ref> in 1782 after [[First Anglo-Maratha War]].		'''Madhav Rao Bhat II''' (18 April 1774 – 27 October 1795) was the 12th [[Peshwa]] of the [[Maratha Empire]] in India, from his infancy. He was known as Sawai Madhav Rao or Madhav Rao Narayan. He was the posthumous son of [[Narayanrao Peshwa]], murdered in 1773 on the orders of [[Raghunathrao]]. Madhavrao II was considered the legal heir, and was installed as ''Peshwa'' by the [[Treaty of Salbai]]<ref name="google">{{cite book\|title=The Pearson General Studies Manual 2009, 1/e\|author=Thorpe, S.T.E.\|year=2009\|publisher=Pearson Education\|isbn=9788131721339\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oAo1X2eagywC\|page=96\|access-date=2014-10-12}}</ref> in 1782 after [[First Anglo-Maratha War]].

	==Early life==		==Early life==
	{{Main\|Peshwa#Appointed_and_Hereditary_Peshwas}}		{{Main\|Peshwa#Appointed_and_Hereditary_Peshwas}}
	Madhavrao II was the [[Posthumous birth\|posthumous]] son of Peshwa [[Narayanrao]] by his wife, Gangabai. After Narayanrao's murder by [[Raghunathrao]]'s supporters he became the Peshwa ~~but~~ was soon deposed by the ~~courtiers~~ and ~~knights of~~ the ~~Maratha Empire~~. They instead installed Gangabai's ~~new born~~ son, Madhavrao II, as the Peshwa ~~with the courtiers, led by [[Nana Fadnavis]], as the Regents. Madhavrao II was made Peshwa when he was barely 40 days old. His time in power was dominated by the political intrigues of Nana Fadnavis.~~		Madhavrao II was the [[Posthumous birth\|posthumous]] son of Peshwa [[Narayanrao]] by his wife, Gangabai. After Narayanrao's murder by [[Raghunathrao]]'s supporters, he became the Peshwa. But he was soon deposed by Nana Phadnavis and 11 other administrators in what is called "The Baarbhaai Conspiracy" (Conspiracy by the Twelve). Raghunathrao was tried, convicted, and sentenced to death by the justice Ram Shastri Prabhune but the sentence was never carried out. They instead installed Gangabai's newborn son, Madhavrao II, as the Peshwa. The twelve then formed a council of the state known as the ''Bara Bhai'' for the conduct of the affairs of the state in the name of the new Peshwa, Sawai Madhav Rao, as he was made Peshwa when he was barely 40 days old. His time in power was dominated by the political intrigues of Nana Fadnavis.

	~~His father Narayan Rao became Peshwa in 1772 and later he was murdered by the supporters of Raghunath Rao (Raghoba).~~
	During this time Peshwa Narayan Rao’s wife was pregnant. In such situation Raghunath Rao became the Peshwa in 1773, for the time being. She gave birth to a male child. The subjects of the state became happy as they heard that the widow queen had given birth to the male child who would be the next Peshwa. Acting Peshwa Raghunath Rao (Raghoba) couldn’t do anything before the wit and wisdom of Nana Phadnavis.
	The male child was named as Sawai Madhav Rao II and declared as the Peshwa of Pune. There was a lot of resentment among the people of the state against the cruel murder of the Peshwa Narayan Rao and held a judicial enquiry under the leadership of the renowned justice [[Ramshastri Prabhune]]. He pointed out that the acting Peshwa Raghunath Rao (Raghoba) was the prime author of the murder. As the result of it, the responsible ministers of the royal court and leaders of Maratha empire formed a council of state known as ''Bara Bhai'' for the conduct of the affairs of the state~~. ''Bara Bhai'' began to conduct~~ the ~~affairs~~ of the ~~state on the name of~~ Sawai Madhav Rao II as he was ~~a minor~~.

	==Reign==		==Reign==
			[[File:Madhav Rao Narayan, the Maratha Peshwa with Nana Fadnavis and Attendants.jpg\|thumb\|left\|Madhav Rao Narayan with [[Nana Fadnavis]].]]
	===First Anglo-Maratha War===		===First Anglo-Maratha War===
	After the British loss in 1782 in the [[First Anglo-Maratha War]], Mahadji Shinde got Madhvrao recognized as Peshwa by the British. However, all powers of the Peshwa were in the hands of ministers like [[Nana Fadnavis]], [[Mahadaji Shinde]] and others.		After the British loss in 1782 in the [[First Anglo-Maratha War]], Mahadji Shinde got Madhvrao recognized as Peshwa by the British. However, all powers of the Peshwa were in the hands of ministers like [[Nana Fadnavis]], [[Mahadaji Shinde]] and others.
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	===Chaos in Delhi, Mughal Darbar===		===Chaos in Delhi, Mughal Darbar===
	In 1788, [[Ghulam Qadir]] attacked Delhi, Mahadaji Shinde led the army of Marathas to [[Delhi]] and saved the Mughal Emperor and his family.		In 1788, [[Ghulam Qadir]] attacked [[Delhi]], [[Mahadaji Shinde]] led the army of [[Marathas]] to [[Delhi]] and saved the [[Mughal Emperor]] and his family.

	===Subjugation of Rajput===		===Subjugation of Rajput===
	In 1790, the ~~Marathas~~ won over Rajput States in the [[Battle of Patan]]. After the death of [[Mahadaji Shinde]] In 1794, the Maratha power got concentrated in the hands of [[Nana Fadnavis]].<ref>{{cite journal\|last1=Dikshit\|first1=M. G.\|title=Early Life of Peshwa Savai Madhavrao (Ii)\|journal=Bulletin of the Deccan College Research Institute\|date=1946\|volume=7\|issue=1/4\|pages=225–248\|jstor=42929386}}</ref>		In 1790, the Mahadji Shinde won over Rajput States in the [[Battle of Patan]]. After the death of [[Mahadaji Shinde]] In 1794, the Maratha power got concentrated in the hands of [[Nana Fadnavis]].<ref>{{cite journal\|last1=Dikshit\|first1=M. G.\|title=Early Life of Peshwa Savai Madhavrao (Ii)\|journal=Bulletin of the Deccan College Research Institute\|date=1946\|volume=7\|issue=1/4\|pages=225–248\|jstor=42929386}}</ref>

	===Zoo===		===Zoo===
	Madhavrao was fond of the ~~out-doors~~ and had a private collection of exotic animals such as lions and ~~rhinoceros~~.		Madhavrao was fond of the outdoors and had a private collection of exotic animals such as lions and rhinos.

	The area where he hunted became later the [[Peshwe Park]] zoo in Pune. He was particularly fond of his herd of trained dancing deer.<ref>{{cite book\| title = Poona in Bygone Days \| first=Dattatraya Balavanta \| last=Parasanisa\|publisher=Times Press \| location=Bombay \|year=1921\| url = https://archive.org/stream/poonainbygoneday00pararich#page/n5/mode/2up }}</ref>		The area where he hunted became later the [[Peshwe Park]] zoo in Pune. He was particularly fond of his herd of trained dancing deer.<ref>{{cite book\| title = Poona in Bygone Days \| first=Dattatraya Balavanta \| last=Parasanisa\|publisher=Times Press \| location=Bombay \|year=1921\| url = https://archive.org/stream/poonainbygoneday00pararich#page/n5/mode/2up }}</ref>

	==Death==		==Death==
	Madhavrao committed suicide at the age of 21 by jumping off from the high walls of the [[Shaniwar Wada]] in [[Pune]].<ref>[http://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsFarEast/IndiaMarathasPeshwas.htm Marathas (Peshwas)]</ref> The cause of the suicide probably was that he could not endure the highhandedness of [[Nana Fadnavis]]. Just before his suicide, it is said that in ordering the execution of the despised police commissioner, [[Ghashiram Kotwal]], Madhavrao was able to defy the wishes of Nana for the first time.<ref>Kotani, H., 2005. The Death of Ghasiram Kotwal: Power and Justice in the Maratha Kingdom. Minamiajiakenkyu, 2004(16), pp.1-16.[https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jjasas1989/2004/16/2004_16_1/_pdf]</ref>		Madhavrao committed suicide at the age of 21 by jumping off from the high walls of the [[Shaniwar Wada]] in [[Pune]].<ref>[http://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsFarEast/IndiaMarathasPeshwas.htm Marathas (Peshwas)]</ref> The cause of the suicide probably was that he could not endure the highhandedness of [[Nana Fadnavis]]. Just before his suicide, it is said that in ordering the execution of the despised police commissioner, [[Ghashiram Kotwal]], Madhavrao was able to defy the wishes of Nana for the first time.<ref>Kotani, H., 2005. The Death of Ghasiram Kotwal: Power and Justice in the Maratha Kingdom. Minamiajiakenkyu, 2004(16), pp.1-16.[https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jjasas1989/2004/16/2004_16_1/_pdf]</ref>

	[[File:Thomas Daniell, Sir Charles Warre Malet, Concluding a Treaty in 1790 in Durbar with the Peshwa of the Maratha Empire.jpg\|thumb\|right\|270px\|A Representation of the delivery of the Ratified Treaty of 1790 by Sir Chas Warre Malet Bart to His Highness Soneae Peshwa, in full Durbar or Court as held upon that occasion at Poonah in the East Indies on 6 July 1790]]		[[File:Thomas Daniell, Sir Charles Warre Malet, Concluding a Treaty in 1790 in Durbar with the Peshwa of the Maratha Empire.jpg\|thumb\|right\|270px\|A Representation of the delivery of the Ratified Treaty of 1790 by Sir Chas Warre Malet Bart to His Highness Soneae Peshwa, in full Durbar or Court as held upon that occasion at Poonah in the East Indies on 6 July 1790]]
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	[[Category:18th-century Indian monarchs]]		[[Category:18th-century Indian monarchs]]
	[[Category:Indian Hindus]]		[[Category:Indian Hindus]]
			[[Category:Child rulers]]
			[[Category:Child rulers from Asia]]

->RA0808: Reverted edits by 162.249.163.204 (talk): unexplained content removal (HG) (3.4.10)

2021-10-30T21:12:36Z

Reverted edits by 162.249.163.204 (talk): unexplained content removal (HG) (3.4.10)

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:42, 31 October 2021
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	Madhavrao was fond of the out-doors and had a private collection of exotic animals such as lions and rhinoceros.		Madhavrao was fond of the out-doors and had a private collection of exotic animals such as lions and rhinoceros.

	The area where he hunted became later the [[~~Saras Baug\|~~Peshwe ~~park~~]] zoo in Pune. He was particularly fond of his herd of trained dancing deer.<ref>{{cite book\| title = Poona in Bygone Days \| first=Dattatraya Balavanta \| last=Parasanisa\|publisher=Times Press \| location=Bombay \|year=1921\| url = https://archive.org/stream/poonainbygoneday00pararich#page/n5/mode/2up }}</ref>		The area where he hunted became later the [[Peshwe Park]] zoo in Pune. He was particularly fond of his herd of trained dancing deer.<ref>{{cite book\| title = Poona in Bygone Days \| first=Dattatraya Balavanta \| last=Parasanisa\|publisher=Times Press \| location=Bombay \|year=1921\| url = https://archive.org/stream/poonainbygoneday00pararich#page/n5/mode/2up }}</ref>

	==Death==		==Death==
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	==Succession==		==Succession==
	Peshwa Sawai [[Madhavrao II]] died in 1795 with no heir. Therefore, he was succeeded by [[Raghunathrao]]'s son, [[Baji Rao II]].		Peshwa Sawai Madhavrao II died in 1795 with no heir. Therefore, he was succeeded by [[Raghunathrao]]'s son, [[Baji Rao II]].

	==See also==		==See also==

imported>MrOllie: Undid revision 1031708490 by Radhey821 (talk)

2021-07-29T03:03:25Z

Undid revision 1031708490 by Radhey821 (talk)

New page

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2014}}
{{more citations needed|date=February 2013}}
{{Infobox Prime Minister
| honorific-prefix = '''[[Peshwa|Shrimant Peshwa]]''' '''Maharajadhiraj ''' '''Vakil-ul-Mutlaq''' '''(Regent of the Empire)'''

| name = Sawai Madhav Rao
| honorific-suffix =
| image = [[File:Madhav Rao Narayan, the Maratha Peshwa with Nana Fadnavis and Attendants.jpg|250px|Peshwa Madhav Rao Narayan with Nana Fadnavis.]]
| imagesize =
| office1 = [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|border|33x30px]]12th [[Peshwa]] of the [[Maratha Empire]]
| term_start1 = 1774
| term_end1 = 27 October 1795
| monarch1 = [[Rajaram II of Satara]]
| predecessor1 = [[Raghunathrao]]
| successor1 = [[Baji Rao II]]
| birth_date = 18 April 1774
| birth_place =
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1795|10|27|1774|4|18}}, [[Shaniwar Wada]], [[Pune]], [[Maratha Empire]].
| profession = [[Peshwa]]
| nationality = [[Maratha Empire|Maratha]]
| parents = [[Narayanrao Peshwa]](Father) Gangabai Sathe(Mother)
| relations = [[Vishwasrao]](Uncle) 
[[Madhavrao I]](Uncle) 
[[Nanasaheb Peshwa]](Grandfather) [[Gopikabai]](Grandmother) 
| residence = [[Shaniwarwada]], [[Pune]], [[Maratha Empire]]
}}
'''Shrimant Peshwa Madhav Rao Bhat II''' (18 April 1774 – 27 October 1795) was the 12th [[Peshwa]] of the [[Maratha Empire]] in India, from his infancy. He was known as Sawai Madhav Rao or Madhav Rao Narayan. He was the posthumous son of [[Narayanrao Peshwa]], murdered in 1773 on the orders of [[Raghunathrao]]. Madhavrao II was considered the legal heir, and was installed as ''Peshwa'' by the [[Treaty of Salbai]]<ref name="google">{{cite book|title=The Pearson General Studies Manual 2009, 1/e|author=Thorpe, S.T.E.|year=2009|publisher=Pearson Education|isbn=9788131721339|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oAo1X2eagywC|page=96|access-date=2014-10-12}}</ref> in 1782 after [[First Anglo-Maratha War]].

==Early life==
{{Main|Peshwa#Appointed_and_Hereditary_Peshwas}}
Madhavrao II was the [[Posthumous birth|posthumous]] son of Peshwa [[Narayanrao]] by his wife, Gangabai. After Narayanrao's murder by [[Raghunathrao]]'s supporters he became the Peshwa but was soon deposed by the courtiers and knights of the Maratha Empire. They instead installed Gangabai's new born son, Madhavrao II, as the Peshwa with the courtiers, led by [[Nana Fadnavis]], as the Regents. Madhavrao II was made Peshwa when he was barely 40 days old. His time in power was dominated by the political intrigues of Nana Fadnavis.

His father Narayan Rao became Peshwa in 1772 and later he was murdered by the supporters of Raghunath Rao (Raghoba).
During this time Peshwa Narayan Rao’s wife was pregnant. In such situation Raghunath Rao became the Peshwa in 1773, for the time being. She gave birth to a male child. The subjects of the state became happy as they heard that the widow queen had given birth to the male child who would be the next Peshwa. Acting Peshwa Raghunath Rao (Raghoba) couldn’t do anything before the wit and wisdom of Nana Phadnavis.
The male child was named as Sawai Madhav Rao II and declared as the Peshwa of Pune. There was a lot of resentment among the people of the state against the cruel murder of the Peshwa Narayan Rao and held a judicial enquiry under the leadership of the renowned justice [[Ramshastri Prabhune]]. He pointed out that the acting Peshwa Raghunath Rao (Raghoba) was the prime author of the murder. As the result of it, the responsible ministers of the royal court and leaders of Maratha empire formed a council of state known as ''Bara Bhai'' for the conduct of the affairs of the state. ''Bara Bhai'' began to conduct the affairs of the state on the name of Sawai Madhav Rao II as he was a minor.

==Reign==
===First Anglo-Maratha War===
After the British loss in 1782 in the [[First Anglo-Maratha War]], Mahadji Shinde got Madhvrao recognized as Peshwa by the British. However, all powers of the Peshwa were in the hands of ministers like [[Nana Fadnavis]], [[Mahadaji Shinde]] and others.

===Involvement in Anglo-Mysore Wars===

Mysore had been attacking the Maratha Confederacy since 1761.

To counter the menace presented by Mysore's [[Hyder Ali]] and [[Tipu Sultan]] the Peshwa supported the English.

During the [[Third Anglo-Mysore War]] the [[British East India Company]] was alarmed by the strength and the gains made by the Maratha Confederacy not just against Mysore but also in India.

===Chaos in Delhi, Mughal Darbar===
In 1788, [[Ghulam Qadir]] attacked Delhi, Mahadaji Shinde led the army of Marathas to [[Delhi]] and saved the Mughal Emperor and his family.

===Subjugation of Rajput===
In 1790, the Marathas won over Rajput States in the [[Battle of Patan]]. After the death of [[Mahadaji Shinde]] In 1794, the Maratha power got concentrated in the hands of [[Nana Fadnavis]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Dikshit|first1=M. G.|title=Early Life of Peshwa Savai Madhavrao (Ii)|journal=Bulletin of the Deccan College Research Institute|date=1946|volume=7|issue=1/4|pages=225–248|jstor=42929386}}</ref>

===Zoo===
Madhavrao was fond of the out-doors and had a private collection of exotic animals such as lions and rhinoceros.

The area where he hunted became later the [[Saras Baug|Peshwe park]] zoo in Pune. He was particularly fond of his herd of trained dancing deer.<ref>{{cite book| title = Poona in Bygone Days | first=Dattatraya Balavanta | last=Parasanisa|publisher=Times Press | location=Bombay |year=1921| url = https://archive.org/stream/poonainbygoneday00pararich#page/n5/mode/2up }}</ref>

==Death==
Madhavrao committed suicide at the age of 21 by jumping off from the high walls of the [[Shaniwar Wada]] in [[Pune]].<ref>[http://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsFarEast/IndiaMarathasPeshwas.htm Marathas (Peshwas)]</ref> The cause of the suicide probably was that he could not endure the highhandedness of [[Nana Fadnavis]]. Just before his suicide, it is said that in ordering the execution of the despised police commissioner, [[Ghashiram Kotwal]], Madhavrao was able to defy the wishes of Nana for the first time.<ref>Kotani, H., 2005. The Death of Ghasiram Kotwal: Power and Justice in the Maratha Kingdom. Minamiajiakenkyu, 2004(16), pp.1-16.[https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jjasas1989/2004/16/2004_16_1/_pdf]</ref>

[[File:Thomas Daniell, Sir Charles Warre Malet, Concluding a Treaty in 1790 in Durbar with the Peshwa of the Maratha Empire.jpg|thumb|right|270px|A Representation of the delivery of the Ratified Treaty of 1790 by Sir Chas Warre Malet Bart to His Highness Soneae Peshwa, in full Durbar or Court as held upon that occasion at Poonah in the East Indies on 6 July 1790]]

==Succession==
Peshwa Sawai [[Madhavrao II]] died in 1795 with no heir. Therefore, he was succeeded by [[Raghunathrao]]'s son, [[Baji Rao II]].

==See also==
*[[Nana Fadnavis]]
*[[Mahadaji Pant Guruji]]
*[[Mahadaji Shinde]]
*[[Narayan Rao]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{cite book|title=History of India|author=Jayapalan, N.|date=2001|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Distributors (P) Limited|isbn=9788171569281|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5VqzMv7Ta0YC|page=79|access-date=2014-10-12}}

{{commons category|Madhav Rao II|Madhavrao II}}

==See also==
* [[Maratha Empire]]
* [[Peshawe Family]]
* [[Peshwa]]
* [[Maratha emperors]]

{{Peshawe family}}
{{MarathaEmpire}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Madhavrao Ii}}
[[Category:1774 births]]
[[Category:1795 deaths]]
[[Category:Peshwa dynasty]]
[[Category:People of the Maratha Empire]]
[[Category:Marathi people]]
[[Category:18th-century Indian monarchs]]
[[Category:Indian Hindus]]