Maddale - Revision history

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corrected references for consistency

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			{{Short description\|Unpitched percussion instrument}}
	{{more citations needed\|date=July 2020}}		{{more citations needed\|date=July 2020}}

	{{Use dmy dates\|date=July 2020}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=July 2020}}
	{{Use Indian English\|date=July 2020}}		{{Use Indian English\|date=July 2020}}
	[[File:maddale.jpg\|right\|thumb\|Yakshagana Maddale.]]		[[File:maddale.jpg\|right\|thumb\|Yakshagana Maddale.]]

	The '''Maddale''' ({{~~lang-~~kn\|ಮದ್ದಲೆ}}) also ~~called~~ '''Mrudanga(ಮೃದಂಗ)~~'''~~ in North Canara ~~region~~ is a [[percussion instrument]] from [[Karnataka]], [[India]]. It is the primary rhythmic accompaniment in a [[Yakshagana]] ensemble along with [[Chande]]. ~~Maddale also represents~~ a ~~remarkable progress in percussive instruments as it produces the~~ perfectly ~~hormonic~~ tonic (shruti swara) when ~~played~~ anywhere on ~~the~~ surface ~~compared~~ to Mrudangam, Pakawaj or Tabla ~~that can not~~ produce the tonic (shruti) on all parts of the ~~drum surface~~. The traditional ~~variety of~~ Maddale was 30 cm long, had 8 inch drum head ~~for~~ right ~~and~~ produced ~~the~~ louder sound. ~~These days~~ 6 - 6.5 inch wide right side ~~maddale~~ is used ~~with only~~ a few using 7 inch wide. ~~Left~~ bass side is about an inch ~~(few hairs less)~~ bigger than right. Maddale is available in more than three ~~different variations~~.<ref>''Dr. Shivarama Karantha, Yakshagana Bayalaata, Harsha Publications, 1963, Puttur, South Canara.</ref> Maddale used in Yakshagana looks similar to [[mridangam]] but ~~is markedly different~~ in structure, acoustics, playing techniques and ~~the~~ rhythm system ([[Yakshagana Tala]]).<ref>''Prof. Sridhara Uppura, Yakshagana and Nataka, Diganta Sahitya Publications, 1998, Managalore.</ref>		The '''Maddale''' ({{langx\|kn\|ಮದ್ದಲೆ}}), also known as '''Mrudanga''' (ಮೃದಂಗ) in [[Uttara Kannada\|North Canara]], is a [[percussion instrument]] from [[Karnataka]], [[India]]. It serves as the primary rhythmic accompaniment in a [[Yakshagana]] ensemble, along with [[Chande]]. The maddale produces a perfectly harmonic tonic (shruti swara) when struck anywhere on its surface. This is in contrast to other instruments such as the [[Mridangam\|Mrudangam]], [[Pakhavaj\|Pakawaj]], or [[Tabla]], which cannot produce the tonic (shruti) on all parts of their surfaces. Its drum head is similar to that of the tabla and its body is similar to that of the pakhavaj.

			The traditional Maddale was 30 cm long and had an 8-inch drum head on the right side that produced a louder sound. Nowadays, a 6-6.5 inch wide right side Maddale is typically used, while a few using a 7-inch wide one. The left bass side is about one inch bigger than the right. The Maddale is available in more than three variants.<ref>''Dr. Shivarama Karantha, Yakshagana Bayalaata'', Harsha Publications, 1963, Puttur, South Canara.</ref> The Maddale used in Yakshagana looks similar to the mridangam, but differs significantly in structure, acoustics, playing techniques, and rhythm system ([[Yakshagana Tala]]).<ref>''Prof. Sridhara Uppura, Yakshagana and Nataka'', Diganta Sahitya Publications, 1998, Managalore.</ref>

			Its body is constructed from [[jackfruit]] tree wood among other woods such as kakke, baine, and hunaalu.

	==History==		==History==
	Maddale belongs to mridangam family ~~of drums~~ and ~~hence~~ shares ~~the~~ history ~~of similar drums. Its drum head is similar to [[tabla]] and the drum itself is similar to [[pakhavaj]]~~. Over ~~the years~~, the Maddale evolved to be made of different kinds of wood ~~and~~ for higher ~~octave, and today, its body is constructed from wood of the [[jackfruit]] tree among other woods like kakke, baine, hunaalu~~. ~~Its use has~~ evolved with the development of Yakshagana and Yakshaganic fingering and hand techniques ~~have been developed~~. ~~Use~~ of palm produces a sound that is somewhat a mixture of pakhawaj and mridangam.		The Maddale belongs to the mridangam family and shares a similar history. Over time, the Maddale evolved to be made of different kinds of wood for higher octaves.

			It evolved with the development of Yakshagana and Yakshaganic fingering and hand techniques. The use of palm produces a sound that is somewhat a mixture of pakhawaj and mridangam.

	==~~Physical components~~==		==Construction==
	[[File:~~karne~~.jpg\|right\|thumb\|Yakshagana Maddale Bala Muchchige.]]		[[File:Karne paste on a drumhead.jpg\|right\|thumb\|Yakshagana Maddale Bala Muchchige.]]
	[[File:maddalebona.jpg\|right\|thumb\|Yakshagana Maddale left drum head (bass). Left side is slightly larger]]		[[File:maddalebona.jpg\|right\|thumb\|Yakshagana Maddale left drum head (bass). Left side is slightly larger]]
	The maddale is a double-sided drum whose body is usually made using a hollowed piece of [[jackfruit]] wood about ~~half a~~ cm thick (~~this is very thin compared to Mrudangam~~). This body is called ~~Goodu~~(or housing). The two open ends of the drum are covered with a goat skin leather and laced to each other with leather straps around the circumference of the drum. These straps are stretched to tightly hold the drum heads ~~on either side of the drum body~~, allowing them to resonate when struck. The drum head on the left is slightly larger (bass side) (~~about say 90% of an inch~~). One side produces [[Bass (sound)\|bass]] ~~another~~ [[Clef#Treble clef\|treble]]. The drum head is known as ''muchchige''.		The maddale is a double-sided drum whose body is usually made using a hollowed piece of [[jackfruit]] wood about .5 cm thick (thinner than mrudangam). This body is called ''goodu'' (or housing). The two open ends of the drum are covered with goat skin leather and laced to each other with leather straps around the circumference of the drum. These straps are stretched to tightly hold the drum heads, allowing them to resonate when struck. The drum head on the left is slightly larger (bass side) (.9 inches). One side produces [[Bass (sound)\|bass]], the other [[Clef#Treble clef\|treble]]. The drum head is known as ''muchchige''.

	The bass drum head is known as the ''eda muchchige'' and the ~~drum~~ head is known as the ''bala muchchige''. The ~~right~~ drum head is similar to tabla drum head but ~~differs slightly creating~~ a major tonal difference. The maddale ~~unlike Mrudangam, Parkwaj or Tabla~~ produces tonic when playing on the rim and on ink. The ~~left drum head produces lower pitched bass sounds. The right~~ drum head has a circular disk in the centre called ''karne'' or the ink causing ~~the drum~~ to produce harmonic tones. The ~~left~~ drum is smeared with a [[tuning paste]] made from ash and rice called ''bona'', before ~~the performance~~ to dampen the tone and to produce bass sound.		The bass drum head is known as the ''eda muchchige'' and the other head is known as the ''bala muchchige''. The higher drum head is similar to tabla drum head but creates a major tonal difference. The maddale produces tonic when playing on the rim and on ink. The higher drum head has a circular disk in the centre called ''karne'' (the ink) causing it to produce harmonic tones. The base drum is smeared with a [[tuning paste]] made from ash and rice called ''bona'', before performances to dampen the tone and to produce bass sound.

	== Methods of use==		== Methods of use==
	Maddale is tuned to the tonic of the Yakshagana singer before the performance (lower shadja). A wooden peg is sometimes used to tighten the ~~leather~~ straps. ~~Two~~ major strokes are ~~called Gumpu~~ and Chapu~~. Playing~~ on the rim ~~is called Chapu this~~ is used for tuning. ~~Playing~~ on the ink to produce a more resonating sound ~~is called Gumpu~~. The cross finger stroke above the ink ~~is called the Kapala stroke which~~ is a unique stroke that produces a ~~hormonic~~ mix of ~~Gumpu~~ and chapu (~~a stroke different from are chapu of mrudangam -~~ Kapala is more musical ~~in quality~~).		[[File:Kalamandalam sreejith.jpg\|thumb\|A maddale player]]
			Maddale is tuned to the tonic of the Yakshagana singer before the performance (lower shadja). A wooden peg is sometimes used to tighten the straps. The two major strokes are ''gumpu'' and c''hapu''. Chapu involves playing on the rim and is used for tuning. Gumpu involves playing on the ink to produce a more resonating sound. The Kapala stroke is a cross finger stroke above the ink. It is a unique stroke that produces a harmonic mix of gumpu and chapu (Kapala is more musical than chapu of mrudangam).

	==See also==		==See also==

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← Older revision		Revision as of 13:24, 14 May 2022
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	[[Category:Carnatic music instruments]]		[[Category:Carnatic music instruments]]
	[[Category:Hand drums]]		[[Category:Hand drums]]
	[[Category:Pitched percussion]]		[[Category:Pitched percussion instruments]]
	[[Category:Indian musical instruments]]		[[Category:Indian musical instruments]]

imported>Tom.Reding: +{{Authority control}} (1 ID from Wikidata), WP:GenFixes on

2021-06-07T13:24:59Z

+{{Authority control}} (1 ID from Wikidata), WP:GenFixes on

New page

{{more citations needed|date=July 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
[[File:maddale.jpg|right|thumb|Yakshagana Maddale.]]

The '''Maddale''' ({{lang-kn|ಮದ್ದಲೆ}}) also called '''Mrudanga(ಮೃದಂಗ)''' in North Canara region is a [[percussion instrument]] from [[Karnataka]], [[India]]. It is the primary rhythmic accompaniment in a [[Yakshagana]] ensemble along with [[Chande]]. Maddale also represents a remarkable progress in percussive instruments as it produces the perfectly hormonic tonic (shruti swara) when played anywhere on the surface compared to Mrudangam, Pakawaj or Tabla that can not produce the tonic (shruti) on all parts of the drum surface. The traditional variety of Maddale was 30 cm long, had 8 inch drum head for right and produced the louder sound. These days 6 - 6.5 inch wide right side maddale is used with only a few using 7 inch wide. Left bass side is about an inch (few hairs less) bigger than right. Maddale is available in more than three different variations.<ref>''Dr. Shivarama Karantha, Yakshagana Bayalaata, Harsha Publications, 1963, Puttur, South Canara.</ref> Maddale used in Yakshagana looks similar to [[mridangam]] but is markedly different in structure, acoustics, playing techniques and the rhythm system ([[Yakshagana Tala]]).<ref>''Prof. Sridhara Uppura, Yakshagana and Nataka, Diganta Sahitya Publications, 1998, Managalore.</ref>

==History==
Maddale belongs to mridangam family of drums and hence shares the history of similar drums. Its drum head is similar to [[tabla]] and the drum itself is similar to [[pakhavaj]]. Over the years, the Maddale evolved to be made of different kinds of wood and for higher octave, and today, its body is constructed from wood of the [[jackfruit]] tree among other woods like kakke, baine, hunaalu. Its use has evolved with the development of Yakshagana and Yakshaganic fingering and hand techniques have been developed. Use of palm produces a sound that is somewhat a mixture of pakhawaj and mridangam.

==Physical components==
[[File:karne.jpg|right|thumb|Yakshagana Maddale Bala Muchchige.]]
[[File:maddalebona.jpg|right|thumb|Yakshagana Maddale left drum head (bass). Left side is slightly larger]]
The maddale is a double-sided drum whose body is usually made using a hollowed piece of [[jackfruit]] wood about half a cm thick (this is very thin compared to Mrudangam). This body is called Goodu(or housing). The two open ends of the drum are covered with a goat skin leather and laced to each other with leather straps around the circumference of the drum. These straps are stretched to tightly hold the drum heads on either side of the drum body, allowing them to resonate when struck. The drum head on the left is slightly larger (bass side) (about say 90% of an inch). One side produces [[Bass (sound)|bass]] another [[Clef#Treble clef|treble]]. The drum head is known as ''muchchige''.

The bass drum head is known as the ''eda muchchige'' and the drum head is known as the ''bala muchchige''. The right drum head is similar to tabla drum head but differs slightly creating a major tonal difference. The maddale unlike Mrudangam, Parkwaj or Tabla produces tonic when playing on the rim and on ink. The left drum head produces lower pitched bass sounds. The right drum head has a circular disk in the centre called ''karne'' or the ink causing the drum to produce harmonic tones. The left drum is smeared with a [[tuning paste]] made from ash and rice called ''bona'', before the performance to dampen the tone and to produce bass sound.

== Methods of use==
Maddale is tuned to the tonic of the Yakshagana singer before the performance (lower shadja). A wooden peg is sometimes used to tighten the leather straps. Two major strokes are called Gumpu and Chapu. Playing on the rim is called Chapu this is used for tuning. Playing on the ink to produce a more resonating sound is called Gumpu. The cross finger stroke above the ink is called the Kapala stroke which is a unique stroke that produces a hormonic mix of Gumpu and chapu (a stroke different from are chapu of mrudangam - Kapala is more musical in quality).

==See also==
* [[Tabla]]
* [[Thavil]]
* [[Karatalas]]
* [[Chande]]
* [[Tala-Maddale]]
* [[Mridanga]]
{{Portal|India|Music}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Yakshagana]]
[[Category:Carnatic music instruments]]
[[Category:Hand drums]]
[[Category:Pitched percussion]]
[[Category:Indian musical instruments]]