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	'''Macedonia''' ({{IPAc-en\|audio=en-us-Macedonia.ogg\|ˌ\|m\|æ\|s\|ᵻ\|ˈ\|d\|oʊ\|n\|i\|ə}}; {{lang-grc-gre\|Μακεδονία}}), also called '''Macedon''' ({{IPAc-en\|ˈ\|m\|æ\|s\|ᵻ\|d\|ɒ\|n}}), was an [[Classical antiquity\|ancient]] [[monarchy\|kingdom]] on the periphery of [[Archaic Greece\|Archaic]] and [[Classical Greece]],<ref>{{harvnb\|Hornblower\|2008\|pp=55–58}}.</ref> and later the dominant state of [[Hellenistic Greece]].<ref>{{harvnb\|Austin\|2006\|pp=1–4}}.</ref> The [[History of Macedonia (ancient kingdom)\|kingdom was founded]] and initially ruled by the royal [[Argead dynasty]], which was followed by the [[Antipatrid dynasty\|Antipatrid]] and [[Antigonid dynasty\|Antigonid]] dynasties. Home to the [[ancient Macedonians]], the earliest kingdom was centered on the northeastern part of the [[Greek peninsula]],<ref name=britannica>{{cite encyclopedia\|url=~~http~~://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/354266/Macedonia\|title=Macedonia\|date=23 October 2015\|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]\|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica Online\|access-date=5 February 2017\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081208092317/~~http~~://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/354266/Macedonia\|archive-date=8 December 2008}}.</ref> and bordered by [[Epirus (ancient state)\|Epirus]] to the west, [[Paeonia (kingdom)\|Paeonia]] to the north, [[Thrace]] to the east and [[Ancient Thessaly\|Thessaly]] to the south.		'''Macedonia''' ({{IPAc-en\|audio=en-us-Macedonia.ogg\|ˌ\|m\|æ\|s\|ᵻ\|ˈ\|d\|oʊ\|n\|i\|ə}}; {{lang-grc-gre\|Μακεδονία}}), also called '''Macedon''' ({{IPAc-en\|ˈ\|m\|æ\|s\|ᵻ\|d\|ɒ\|n}}), was an [[Classical antiquity\|ancient]] [[monarchy\|kingdom]] on the periphery of [[Archaic Greece\|Archaic]] and [[Classical Greece]],<ref>{{harvnb\|Hornblower\|2008\|pp=55–58}}.</ref> and later the dominant state of [[Hellenistic Greece]].<ref>{{harvnb\|Austin\|2006\|pp=1–4}}.</ref> The [[History of Macedonia (ancient kingdom)\|kingdom was founded]] and initially ruled by the royal [[Argead dynasty]], which was followed by the [[Antipatrid dynasty\|Antipatrid]] and [[Antigonid dynasty\|Antigonid]] dynasties. Home to the [[ancient Macedonians]], the earliest kingdom was centered on the northeastern part of the [[Greek peninsula]],<ref name=britannica>{{cite encyclopedia\|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/354266/Macedonia\|title=Macedonia\|date=23 October 2015\|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]\|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica Online\|access-date=5 February 2017\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081208092317/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/354266/Macedonia\|archive-date=8 December 2008}}.</ref> and bordered by [[Epirus (ancient state)\|Epirus]] to the west, [[Paeonia (kingdom)\|Paeonia]] to the north, [[Thrace]] to the east and [[Ancient Thessaly\|Thessaly]] to the south.

	Before the 4th century BC, Macedonia was a small kingdom outside of the area dominated by the great [[city-states]] of [[Athens]], [[Sparta]] and [[Thebes, Greece\|Thebes]], and [[Achaemenid Macedonia\|briefly subordinate]] to [[Achaemenid Persia]].<ref name="sprawski 135–138 olbrycht 342–345"/> During the reign of the Argead king [[Philip II of Macedon\|Philip{{nbsp}}II]] (359–336 BC), Macedonia [[Rise of Macedon\|subdued]] [[mainland Greece]] and the [[Thracians\|Thracian]] [[Odrysian kingdom]] through conquest and diplomacy. With a reformed [[Ancient Macedonian army\|army]] containing [[Macedonian phalanx\|phalanxes]] wielding the ''[[sarissa]]'' pike, Philip{{nbsp}}II defeated the old powers of [[Second Athenian League\|Athens]] and [[Theban hegemony\|Thebes]] in the [[Battle of Chaeronea (338 BC)\|Battle of Chaeronea]] in 338{{nbsp}}BC. Philip{{nbsp}}II's son [[Alexander the Great]], leading a [[League of Corinth\|federation of Greek states]], accomplished his father's objective of commanding the whole of Greece when he [[Battle of Thebes\|destroyed Thebes]] after the city revolted. During Alexander's subsequent [[Chronology of the expedition of Alexander the Great into Asia\|campaign of conquest]], he [[Wars of Alexander the Great\|overthrew]] the [[Achaemenid Empire]] and conquered territory that stretched as far as the [[Indus River]]. For a brief period, his '''Macedonian Empire''' was the most powerful in the world – the definitive [[Hellenistic period\|Hellenistic]] state, inaugurating the transition to a new period of [[Culture of ancient Greece\|Ancient Greek civilization]]. [[Hellenistic art\|Greek arts]] and [[Hellenistic literature\|literature]] flourished in the new conquered lands and advances in [[Ancient Greek philosophy\|philosophy]], [[Ancient Greek engineering\|engineering]], and [[Ancient Greek science\|science]] spread throughout much of the ancient world. Of particular importance were the contributions of [[Aristotle]], tutor to Alexander, [[Aristotelianism\|whose writings]] became a keystone of [[Western philosophy]].		Before the 4th century BC, Macedonia was a small kingdom outside of the area dominated by the great [[city-states]] of [[Athens]], [[Sparta]] and [[Thebes, Greece\|Thebes]], and [[Achaemenid Macedonia\|briefly subordinate]] to [[Achaemenid Persia]].<ref name="sprawski 135–138 olbrycht 342–345"/> During the reign of the Argead king [[Philip II of Macedon\|Philip{{nbsp}}II]] (359–336 BC), Macedonia [[Rise of Macedon\|subdued]] [[mainland Greece]] and the [[Thracians\|Thracian]] [[Odrysian kingdom]] through conquest and diplomacy. With a reformed [[Ancient Macedonian army\|army]] containing [[Macedonian phalanx\|phalanxes]] wielding the ''[[sarissa]]'' pike, Philip{{nbsp}}II defeated the old powers of [[Second Athenian League\|Athens]] and [[Theban hegemony\|Thebes]] in the [[Battle of Chaeronea (338 BC)\|Battle of Chaeronea]] in 338{{nbsp}}BC. Philip{{nbsp}}II's son [[Alexander the Great]], leading a [[League of Corinth\|federation of Greek states]], accomplished his father's objective of commanding the whole of Greece when he [[Battle of Thebes\|destroyed Thebes]] after the city revolted. During Alexander's subsequent [[Chronology of the expedition of Alexander the Great into Asia\|campaign of conquest]], he [[Wars of Alexander the Great\|overthrew]] the [[Achaemenid Empire]] and conquered territory that stretched as far as the [[Indus River]]. For a brief period, his '''Macedonian Empire''' was the most powerful in the world – the definitive [[Hellenistic period\|Hellenistic]] state, inaugurating the transition to a new period of [[Culture of ancient Greece\|Ancient Greek civilization]]. [[Hellenistic art\|Greek arts]] and [[Hellenistic literature\|literature]] flourished in the new conquered lands and advances in [[Ancient Greek philosophy\|philosophy]], [[Ancient Greek engineering\|engineering]], and [[Ancient Greek science\|science]] spread throughout much of the ancient world. Of particular importance were the contributions of [[Aristotle]], tutor to Alexander, [[Aristotelianism\|whose writings]] became a keystone of [[Western philosophy]].
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	{{refbegin\|35em}}		{{refbegin\|35em}}
	* {{cite encyclopedia\|url=~~http~~://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/354266/Macedonia\|title=Macedonia: Ancient Kingdom, Europe\|date=23 October 2015\|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]\|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica Online\|access-date=5 February 2017}}		* {{cite encyclopedia\|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/354266/Macedonia\|title=Macedonia: Ancient Kingdom, Europe\|date=23 October 2015\|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]\|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica Online\|access-date=5 February 2017}}
	* Hamp, Eric; Adams, Douglas (2013). "[http://sino-platonic.org/complete/spp239_indo_european_languages.pdf The Expansion of the Indo-European Languages]", ''Sino-Platonic Papers'', vol 239. Accessed 16 January 2017.		* Hamp, Eric; Adams, Douglas (2013). "[http://sino-platonic.org/complete/spp239_indo_european_languages.pdf The Expansion of the Indo-European Languages]", ''Sino-Platonic Papers'', vol 239. Accessed 16 January 2017.
	* Joseph, Brian D. (2001). "[http://www.ling.ohio-state.edu/~bjoseph/articles/gancient.htm "GREEK, ancient]." [[Ohio State University]], Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures. Accessed 16 January 2017.		* Joseph, Brian D. (2001). "[http://www.ling.ohio-state.edu/~bjoseph/articles/gancient.htm "GREEK, ancient]." [[Ohio State University]], Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures. Accessed 16 January 2017.

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[[File:MacedonEmpire.jpg|thumb|right|400px|Map of Alexander the Great's empire]]

'''Macedonia''' (Greek: Μακεδονία) or '''Macedon''' was an Ancient Greek [[Monarchy|kingdom]] of the [[Archaic Greece|Archaic]] and [[Classical Greece]],<ref>{{harvnb|Hornblower|2008|pp=55–58}}.</ref> and later the most powerful [[state]] of [[Hellenistic Greece]].<ref>{{harvnb|Austin|2006|pp=1–4}}.</ref> The [[History of Macedonia (ancient kingdom)|kingdom was established]] and was at first ruled by the royal [[Argead dynasty]], which was followed by the [[Antipatrid dynasty|Antipatrid]] and [[Antigonid dynasty|Antigonid]] dynasties. Home to the [[ancient Macedonians]], the earliest kingdom was centered on the northeastern part of the [[Greek peninsula]],<ref name=britannica>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/354266/Macedonia|title=Macedonia|date=23 October 2015|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica Online|accessdate=5 February 2017|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081208092317/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/354266/Macedonia|archivedate=8 December 2008}}.</ref> and bordered by [[Epirus (ancient state)|Epirus]] to the west, [[Paeonia (kingdom)|Paeonia]] to the north, [[Thrace]] to the east and [[Ancient Thessaly|Thessaly]] to the south.

[[Alexander the Great]] made it the most powerful kingdom in the [[Near East]] for a few years. When he died the empire fell apart and the [[Antigonid dynasty]] ruled Macedonia as a small empire. Centuries later the [[Roman Empire]] conquered Macedonia and much of Alexander's empire.

== Kings ==
{{Div col}}

=== [[Argead dynasty]] ===
* [[Karanus of Macedon|Karanus]] 808-778 BC
* [[Koinos of Macedon|Koinos]]
* [[Tyrimmas of Macedon|Tyrimmas]]
* [[Perdiccas I of Macedon|Perdiccas I]] 700-678 BC
* [[Argaeus I of Macedon|Argaeus I]] 678-640 BC
* [[Philip I of Macedon|Philip I]] 640-602 BC
* [[Aeropus I of Macedon|Aeropus I]] 602-576 BC
* [[Alcetas I of Macedon|Alcetas I]] 576-547 BC
* [[Amyntas I of Macedon|Amyntas I]] 547-498 BC
* [[Alexander I of Macedon|Alexander I]] 498-454 BC
* [[Perdiccas II of Macedon|Perdiccas II]] 454-413 BC
* [[Archelaus I of Macedon|Archelaus]] 413-399 BC
* [[Craterus of Macedon|Craterus]] 399 BC
* [[Orestes of Macedon|Orestes]] 399-396 BC
* [[Archelaus II of Macedon|Archelaus II]] 396-393 BC
* [[Amyntas II of Macedon|Amyntus II]] 393 BC
* [[Pausanias of Macedon|Pausanias]] 393 BC
* [[Amyntas III of Macedon|Amyntas III]] 393 BC
* [[Argaeus II of Macedon|Argaeus II]] 393-392 BC
* [[Amyntas III of Macedon|Amyntas III]] (restored) 392-370 BC
* [[Alexander II of Macedon|Alexander II]] 370-368 BC
* [[Ptolemy I of Macedon|Ptolemy I]] 368-365 BC
* [[Perdiccas III of Macedon|Perdiccas III]] 365-359 BC
* [[Amyntas IV of Macedon|Amyntas IV]] 359-356 BC
* [[Philip II of Macedon|Philip II]] 359-336 BC
* [[Alexander the Great|Alexander III (the Great)]] 336-323 BC
** [[Antipater]], Regent of Macedon 334-319 BC
* [[Philip III of Macedon|Philip III Arrhidaeus]] 323-317 BC
* [[Alexander IV of Macedon|Alexander IV]] 323-310 BC
** [[Perdiccas]], Regent of Macedon 323-321 BC
** [[Antipater]], Regent of Macedon 321-319 BC
** [[Polyperchon]], Regent of Macedon 319-317 BC
** [[Cassander]], Regent of Macedon 317-306 BC

=== [[Antipatrid dynasty]] ===
* [[Cassander]] 306-297 BC
* [[Philip IV of Macedon|Philip IV]] 297-296 BC
* [[Alexander V of Macedon|Alexander V]] 296-294 BC
* [[Antipater II of Macedon|Antipater II]] 296-294 BC

=== [[Antigonid dynasty]] ===
* [[Demetrius I Poliorcetes]] 294-288 BC
* [[Lysimachus]] (divided with Pyrrhus of Epirus) 288-281 BC
* [[Pyrrhus of Epirus]] (divided with Lysimachus) 288-285 BC
* [[Ptolemy Ceraunus|Ptolemy II Ceraunus]] 281-279 BC
* [[Meleager (king)|Meleager]] 279 BC
* [[Antipater II of Macedon|Antipater II Etesias]] 279 BC
* [[Sosthenes of Macedon|Sosthenes]] (Army Commander) 279-277 BC
* [[Antigonus II Gonatas]] 277-274 BC
* [[Pyrrhus of Epirus]] (restored) 274-272 BC
* [[Antigonus II Gonatas]] (restored) 272-239 BC
* [[Demetrius II of Macedon|Demetrius II Aetolicus]] 239-229 BC
* [[Antigonus III of Macedon|Antigonus III Doson]] 229-221 BC
* [[Philip V of Macedon|Philip V]] 221-179 BC
* [[Perseus of Macedon|Perseus]] 179-168 BC
*{{Div col end}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Books ==
* Eugene N. Borza: ''Before Alexander: constructing early Macedonia.'' Claremont, CA: Regina Books, 1999. Pp. 89. {{ISBN|0941690970}} (pb)
** [http://www.trentu.ca/ahc/bmcr2001enb.html Review by Konrad H. Kinzl (Trent University)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060218054248/http://www.trentu.ca/ahc/bmcr2001enb.html |date=2006-02-18 }}
* Robin Lane Fox, ''Alexander the Great,'' Penguin Books, 1973, {{ISBN|0-14-008878-4}} (pb).
* Nicholas G. L. Hammond, ''The Macedonian State'', Oxford University Press, 1989, {{ISBN|0-19-814883-6}}. Pg. 12-13.

== External links ==
* [http://www.macedonia.com/english/history/ History of Macedon]
* [http://vergina.eng.auth.gr/macedonia/7.html Ancient Macedonia] at [http://vergina.eng.auth.gr/macedonia/ Macedonia, The Historical Profile], by D. Pandermalis, {{ISBN|960-243-001-X}}
* [http://www.livius.org/maa-mam/macedonia/macedonia.html Ancient Macedonia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303183445/http://www.livius.org/maa-mam/macedonia/macedonia.html |date=2016-03-03 }} at [http://www.livius.org Livius], by Jona Lendering
* [http://www.history-of-macedonia.com History of Macedonia through ages]
* [http://amchron.soundenterprises.net/articles/view/108052 Selian Е. The Mystery of the Name “Macedon”. In: American Chronicle, June 2009] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004220109/http://amchron.soundenterprises.net/articles/view/108052 |date=2013-10-04 }}

[[Category:History of Greece]]
[[Category:Empires]]]
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