Daljeetbhutal: made first pg needs work - done

2026-03-29T11:32:30Z

made first pg needs work - done

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{{about|the medieval dynasty|the ethnic group|Madan (people)}}
{{distinguish|Makran (princely state)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}

{{Short description|Medieval dynasty in South Asia (c. 10th-11th century)}}
{{Infobox country
| today = {{Flag|Pakistan}}
| year_start = 10th century
| area_km2 =
| demonym =
| year_end = 11th century
| conventional_long_name = Makran Sultanate
| era = [[Early Medieval period]]
| religion = [[Islam]]
| p1 = Abbasid Caliphate
| s1 =
| common_languages = [[Arabic]] (Official)
| capital = [[Turbat|Kech]]
| status = Largely autonomous [[Emirate]] under the [[Saffarids]], [[Buyids]] (970–?) and then [[Ghaznavids]] (?–1078)<ref name=":1078">{{Harvnb|Panhwar|2003|p=57}} "Maadans controlled Makran and became vassals of Ghaznavids until 1078 AD."</ref>
| native_name =
| image_map = {{South Asia in 1000|center||{{Annotation|9|82|[[File:Long Fine Rectangle (plain).png|30px]]}}||none}}
| image_map_size =
| map_caption = Makran located on the south of Ghaznavid Empire<ref name="JES">{{cite book |last1=Schwartzberg |first1=Joseph E. |title=A Historical atlas of South Asia |date=1978 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |location=Chicago |pages=21, 147 |isbn=0226742210 |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/pager.html?object=048 |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 January 2024 |access-date=13 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240112095242/https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/pager.html?object=048 }}</ref>
| title_leader = [[Maharaj|Mahraj]]
| year_leader1 = Until 1025/26 CE
| leader1 = Ma'adan ibn Ali (First known)
| year_leader2 = 1031–1058 CE
| leader2 = Abu'l -'Askar Husayn (last)
}}
The '''Ma'danid dynasty''' was a medieval Islamic dynasty that ruled the '''Sultanate of Makran'''. It ruled [[Makran]] from the late 9th or early 10th century<ref name="Bosworth 1994, p. 256">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Bosworth|1994|p=256}}</ref> until around the 11th century.<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Baloch|Rafiqi|1999|p=297}}</ref>

==History==

Makran had been one of the easternmost provinces of the [[Caliphate]] after its conquest by the Muslims in 644. In the 9th century, especially after the [[Abbasid]] dynasty's hold on the frontier provinces of the Caliphate began to weaken, Makran had been overrun by [[Kharijites]]. According to the historian [[Abu al-Hasan 'Alī al-Mas'ūdī|Mas'ūdī]] the Kharijites were still a significant force in Makran by the time the Ma'danids took control there.<ref name="Bosworth 1994, p. 256"/>

By the early 10th century, the Banu Ma'dan had risen to power in Makran. [[Ibn Haukal]] does not mention their origins.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Takhri |first=Ibrahim Ibn Mu Hammad I. S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Nk6utgEACAAJ |title=Kitab Masalik Wa-mamalik Tasnif Ibn Hawqal |date=2018-04-18 |publisher=Creative Media Partners, LLC |isbn=978-1-379-60408-2 |language=en|pages=152–154}}</ref> Ma'danids used the Sanskrit title of [[Maharaja|Mahraj]].<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Baloch|Rafiqi|1999|p=296}}; {{Harvard citation no brackets|Bosworth|1994|p=256}}</ref> They established their capital at Kiz or Kij, and although seldom playing a major role in regional affairs, Ma'danids were able to maintain their authority in Makran for at least a century and a half. At some point the Ma'danids became tributary to the [[Saffarid]] dynasty of [[Sistan]]. In 907/908 the Saffarid prince [[Al-Layth|Al-Laith]] invaded Makran after 'Isa had gone into arrears on the required payments, and was able to compel the Ma'danid to give three years' worth of tribute.<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Bosworth|1994|pp=256–57}}</ref>

Payments to the Saffarids lasted until the mid-10th century at the latest. In 971 the [[Buyid]] amir [['Adud al-Daula]], who had recently conquered the bordering province of [[Kerman]] from the [[Banu Ilyas]], compelled the Ma'danids to recognize Buyid suzerainty. Soon after this, however, the Ma'danids switched their loyalties to the [[Turkic peoples|Turkish]] ruler of [[Ghazni]], [[Sabuktigin]], beginning nearly a century of allegiance to the Ghaznavid dynasty.<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Baloch|Rafiqi|1999|p=296}}; {{Harvard citation no brackets|Bosworth|1975|p=173}}</ref>

{{Further|Ghaznavid campaigns in Persia}}

In the early 11th century the ruler of Makran was Ma'dan. After Ma'dan's death in 1025/1026 a succession dispute broke out among his two sons, 'Isa and Abu'l-'Askar Husayn. The Ghaznavid sultan [[Mahmud of Ghazni|Mahmud]] ({{Reign|998|1030}}) negotiated a settlement between the brothers, but it broke down when 'Isa rebelled against the Ghaznavids in 1029. Two years later Mahmud's son [[Mas'ud I of Ghazni|Mas'ud]] sent an army which killed 'Isa and installed Abu'l-'Askar Husayn in his place.<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Baloch|Rafiqi|1999|p=297}}; {{Harvard citation no brackets|Bosworth|1975|p=173}}</ref> The latter ruled Makran until after 1058 and was known as a man of learning. Some time after his death the power of the Ma'danids came to an end, presumably in the late 11th or 12th century.{{Citation needed|date=August 2025}} Makran remained vassal under the Ghaznavids until 1078 AD.<ref name=":1078" />

==See also==
*[[History of Balochistan]]
*[[List of Sunni Muslim dynasties]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
{{refbegin}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Baloch |first1=N. A. |title=History of Civilizations of Central Asia, Volume 4, Part 1 |last2=Rafiqi |first2=A. Q. |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishers |year=1999 |isbn=978-92-3-103654-5 |editor-last=Asimov |editor-first=M.S. |location=New Delhi |language=en |chapter=The regions of Sind, Baluchistan, Multan and Kashmir: the historical, social, and economic setting |editor-last2=Bosworth |editor-first2=C.E.}}
* {{Cite book |last=Bosworth |first=C.E |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hvx9jq_2L3EC |title=The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 4: The Period From the Arab Invasion to the Saljuqs |date=1975-06-26 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-20093-6 |editor-last=R. N. |editor-first=Frye |location=New York |language=en |chapter=The Early Ghaznavids}}
* {{Cite book |last=Bosworth |first=Clifford Edmund |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_kZ4QgAACAAJ |title=The History of the Saffarids of Sistan and the Maliks of Nimruz: (247/861 to 949/1542-3) |date=1994 |publisher=Mazda Publishers |isbn=978-1-56859-015-8 |location=Costa Mesa, California |language=en}}
* {{Cite book |last=Panhwar |first=M. H. |author-link=M. H. Panhwar |title=An Illustrated Historical Atlas Of Soomra Kingdom Of Sindh (1011-1351 AD) |date=January 2003 |publisher=Soomra National Council |location=Sindh}}
{{refend}}

[[Category:Dynasties of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Sunni dynasties]]

Ma'danid dynasty - Revision history

Daljeetbhutal: made first pg needs work - done