M. S. Krishnan (geologist) - Revision history

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			{{Short description\|Indian geologist (1898-1970)}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=January 2019}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=January 2019}}
	{{Use Indian English\|date=January 2019}}		{{Use Indian English\|date=January 2019}}
	{{More citations needed\|article\|date=January 2008}}		{{More citations needed\|article\|date=January 2008}}
			{{Indian name\|Krishnan\|Maharajapuram Seetharaman}}
	{{infobox person		{{infobox person
	\|name = M. S. Krishnan		\|name = M. S. Krishnan
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	==Early years==		==Early years==
	Krishnan was born on 24 August 1898 in [[Tanjore]], [[Madras Presidency]]. After school education in Tanjore, he continued his studies in St.Joseph's College, Tiruchirappalli. He graduated with B.A. Honours in [[geology]] from the [[Presidency College, Chennai\|Presidency College]], [[Madras]], in 1919, undertook post-graduate training and research with ARCS (Associate-ship of Royal College of Science)<ref name=":0">{{Cite book\|title=The Shaping of Indian Science: 1948-1981\|last=Indian Science Congress Association\|first=Volume II - Presidential Address\|publisher=Universities Press\|year=2003\|isbn=81 7371 433 9\|location=Hyderabad\|pages=769}}</ref> Scholarship at [[Imperial College London]] in 1921 and received his Diploma of Imperial College (DIC) in 1923 and in 1924, he was awarded the [[Doctor of Philosophy\|PhD]]<ref name="ie1"/> degree from London University.		Krishnan was born on 24 August 1898 in [[Tanjore]], [[Madras Presidency]]. After school education in Tanjore, he continued his studies in St.Joseph's College, Tiruchirappalli. He graduated with B.A. Honours in [[geology]] from the [[Presidency College, Chennai\|Presidency College]], [[Madras]], in 1919, undertook post-graduate training and research with ARCS (Associate-ship of Royal College of Science)<ref name=":0">{{Cite book\|title=The Shaping of Indian Science: 1948-1981\|last=Indian Science Congress Association\|first=Volume II - Presidential Address\|publisher=Universities Press\|year=2003\|isbn=81-7371-433-9\|location=Hyderabad\|pages=769}}</ref> Scholarship at [[Imperial College London]] in 1921 and received his Diploma of Imperial College (DIC) in 1923 and in 1924, he was awarded the [[Doctor of Philosophy\|PhD]]<ref name="ie1"/> degree from London University.

	==Career==		==Career==
	For two years after receiving his honours degree, Dr. Krishnan was employed as Demonstrator in Geology at [[Presidency College, Chennai\|Presidency College, Madras]]. He was appointed as Assistant Superintendent ([[Geologist]]) in the superior service in the [[Geological Survey of India]] and joined the department in December 1924 <ref name=":0" /> where Dr. Krishnan worked alongside Lewis Fermor, C. S. Fox, J. A. Dunn, [[Alexander Heron\|Alexander M. Heron]], H. C. Jones, and J. B. Auden. In 1943, he was promoted as ~~Superintending Geologist~~ and was posted as ~~Director~~ for newly formed Indian Bureau of Mines.<ref name=":0" /> He left the post in February, 1951 to become permanent ~~Director~~ (The first Indian to occupy it) of [[Geological Survey of India]]. After four years he was transferred to New Delhi as Mineral Adviser and Ex-Officio Joint Secretary to the Government of India (Ministry of Scientific Research) in August, 1955. In April, 1957 he was transferred to [[Indian School of Mines]] as its first ~~Director~~ to organize the expanded courses in mining and newly started course in Applied Geophysics and Petroleum Technology.<ref name=":0" />		For two years after receiving his honours degree, Dr. Krishnan was employed as Demonstrator in Geology at [[Presidency College, Chennai\|Presidency College, Madras]]. He was appointed as Assistant Superintendent ([[Geologist]]) in the superior service in the [[Geological Survey of India]] and joined the department in December 1924 <ref name=":0" /> where Dr. Krishnan worked alongside Lewis Fermor, C. S. Fox, J. A. Dunn, [[Alexander Heron\|Alexander M. Heron]], H. C. Jones, and J. B. Auden. In 1943, he was promoted as superintending geologist and was posted as director for newly formed Indian Bureau of Mines.<ref name=":0" /> He left the post in February, 1951 to become permanent director (The first Indian to occupy it) of [[Geological Survey of India]]. After four years he was transferred to New Delhi as Mineral Adviser and Ex-Officio Joint Secretary to the Government of India (Ministry of Scientific Research) in August, 1955. In April, 1957 he was transferred to [[Indian School of Mines]] as its first director to organize the expanded courses in mining and newly started course in Applied Geophysics and Petroleum Technology.<ref name=":0" />

	He worked on stratigraphic mapping in Gangpur, Bonai, Bamra and Keonjar (parts of present Orissa State) and identified the 'Gangpur Series' published in GSI Memoir 71 (1937). He also worked on minerals of economic importance including iron, manganese ores, gypsum, mica, limestone and published his studies in the GSI Memoir 80 (1952). He also worked on the rocks of Girnar and the Osham hills of Saurashtra (now in Gujarat), lateritization of the peculiar [[metasedimentary]] rocks called [[khondalite]], the mineral resources of former Central Provinces and Berar (now forming parts of Madhya Pradesh), the geology of the Vindhyan formations of northern India, the Deccan traps, the Tertiaries of Tanjore (Tamil Nadu), and made observations on mythical rivers such as the Indobrahm and Saraswathi.		He worked on stratigraphic mapping in Gangpur, Bonai, Bamra and Keonjar (parts of present Orissa State) and identified the 'Gangpur Series' published in GSI Memoir 71 (1937). He also worked on minerals of economic importance including iron, manganese ores, gypsum, mica, limestone and published his studies in the GSI Memoir 80 (1952). He also worked on the rocks of Girnar and the Osham hills of Saurashtra (now in Gujarat), lateritization of the peculiar [[metasedimentary]] rocks called [[khondalite]], the mineral resources of former Central Provinces and Berar (now forming parts of Madhya Pradesh), the geology of the Vindhyan formations of northern India, the Deccan traps, the Tertiaries of Tanjore (Tamil Nadu), and made observations on mythical rivers such as the Indobrahm and Saraswathi.

	He taught geology at the [[Presidency College, Madras]] (1920–21), Forest College, Dehra Dun (1928–30) and the [[Presidency College, Calcutta]] (1933–35). At the suggestion of Cyril S. Fox of the [[Geological Survey of India]] (GSI) he decided to work on a book on Indian stratigraphy. This resulted in the publication of ''Geology of India and Burma'' in 1943 and the ''Introduction to Geology of India'' in 1944. The first book has gone through 6 editions and has also been translated into Russian. Krishnan served as the Director of Indian Bureau of Mines (New Delhi) from 1948 to 1951, Director of the GSI,<ref name="ie1"/> Director of [[Indian School of Mines]], Dhanbad, during 1957–58, Head of the Geology and Geophysics Department, [[Andhra University]], [[Waltair]] from 1958 to 1960, and helped found the [[National Geophysical Research Institute]], Hyderabad, of which he was the ~~Director~~ between 1961 and 1963.		He taught geology at the [[Presidency College, Madras]] (1920–21), Forest College, Dehra Dun (1928–30) and the [[Presidency College, Calcutta]] (1933–35). At the suggestion of Cyril S. Fox of the [[Geological Survey of India]] (GSI) he decided to work on a book on Indian stratigraphy. This resulted in the publication of ''Geology of India and Burma'' in 1943 and the ''Introduction to Geology of India'' in 1944. The first book has gone through 6 editions and has also been translated into Russian. Krishnan served as the Director of Indian Bureau of Mines (New Delhi) from 1948 to 1951, Director of the GSI,<ref name="ie1"/> Director of [[Indian School of Mines]], Dhanbad, during 1957–58, Head of the Geology and Geophysics Department, [[Andhra University]], [[Waltair]] from 1958 to 1960, and helped found the [[National Geophysical Research Institute]], Hyderabad, of which he was the director between 1961 and 1963.

	He received the [[Padma Bhushan]] in January 1970 from President [[S. Radhakrishnan]].		He received the [[Padma Bhushan]] in January 1970 from President [[S. Radhakrishnan]]. In 2025, a 3.5 billion-year-old crater in Mars has been named after him. <ref>https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/names-proposed-by-kerala-based-researchers-approved-for-martian-landforms/article70324823.ece</ref>

	==References==		==References==
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	==External links==		==External links==
	* [https://archive.org/details/GeologyIndia Geology of India and Burma 1949 (second edition)]		* [https://archive.org/details/GeologyIndia Geology of India and Burma 1949 (second edition)]
	*[https://books.google.com/books?id=xkVZ7wh3DIIC~~&pg=PA768&lpg=PA768~~&dq=m+s+krishnan+geologist&~~source~~=~~bl&ots=3tuBs-vY-b&sig=dH5gk5KHCOSps6fKMPTfxAkCWtM&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi7uqfXroXdAhXBfysKHdN-Bd84KBDoATAAegQIARAB#v=onepage&q=m%20s%20krishnan%20geologist&f=false~~ The Shaping of Indian Science: 1948-1981, pp 768-769]		*[https://books.google.com/books?id=xkVZ7wh3DIIC&dq=m+s+krishnan+geologist&pg=PA768 The Shaping of Indian Science: 1948-1981, pp 768-769]

	==Further reading==		==Further reading==
	* Sankaran, A. V. M. S. Krishnan: Geologist ''par excellence''. Current Science 75(10):1084		* Sankaran, A. V. M. S. Krishnan: Geologist ''par excellence''. Current Science 75(10):1084
	* Geological Survey of India: 'M.S.Krishnan, Pen Portrait', GSI News, Vol.4, No.6,June 1972, p. 5-10		* Geological Survey of India: 'M.S.Krishnan, Pen Portrait', GSI News, Vol.4, No.6, June 1972, p. 5-10
	* Discovery of [[National Fossil Wood Park, Sathanur\|Sathanur Tree fossil]] by M.S.Krishnan		* Discovery of [[National Fossil Wood Park, Sathanur\|Sathanur Tree fossil]] by M.S.Krishnan

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	[[Category:1970 deaths]]		[[Category:1970 deaths]]
	[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in science & engineering]]		[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in science & engineering]]
	[[Category:University of Calcutta ~~faculty~~]]		[[Category:Academic staff of the University of Calcutta]]
	[[Category:Andhra University ~~faculty~~]]		[[Category:Academic staff of Andhra University]]
	[[Category:20th-century Indian geologists]]		[[Category:20th-century Indian geologists]]
	[[Category:Scientists from Tamil Nadu]]		[[Category:Scientists from Tamil Nadu]]

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	\|occupation = Geologist		\|occupation = Geologist
	}}		}}
	'''Maharajapuram Seetharaman Krishnan''' (24 August 1898 – 24 April 1970) was an ~~[[India]]n~~ [[Geologist]]. He was the first Indian to serve as the Director of the [[Geological Survey of India]].<ref name="ie1">{{cite news\|title=Dr. M. S. Krishnan takes over as Director\|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=qANFAAAAIBAJ&sjid=Z7cMAAAAIBAJ&pg=4631%2C34523\|access-date=28 April 2017\|work=The Indian Express\|date=1 February 1951}}</ref>		'''Maharajapuram Seetharaman Krishnan''' (24 August 1898 – 24 April 1970) was an Indian [[Geologist]]. He was the first Indian to serve as the Director of the [[Geological Survey of India]].<ref name="ie1">{{cite news\|title=Dr. M. S. Krishnan takes over as Director\|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=qANFAAAAIBAJ&sjid=Z7cMAAAAIBAJ&pg=4631%2C34523\|access-date=28 April 2017\|work=The Indian Express\|date=1 February 1951}}</ref>

	==Early years==		==Early years==

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{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{More citations needed|article|date=January 2008}}
{{infobox person
|name = M. S. Krishnan
|image=Dr. M S Krishnan.jpg
|caption=Portrait of M. S. Krishnan
|birth_name = Maharajapuram Seetharaman Krishnan
|birth_date = 24 August 1898
|birth_place = [[Tanjore]], [[Madras presidency]], [[British India]]
|death_date = {{death date and age|1970|4|24|1898|8|24|df=yes}}
|occupation = Geologist
}}
'''Maharajapuram Seetharaman Krishnan''' (24 August 1898 – 24 April 1970) was an [[India]]n [[Geologist]]. He was the first Indian to serve as the Director of the [[Geological Survey of India]].<ref name="ie1">{{cite news|title=Dr. M. S. Krishnan takes over as Director|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=qANFAAAAIBAJ&sjid=Z7cMAAAAIBAJ&pg=4631%2C34523|access-date=28 April 2017|work=The Indian Express|date=1 February 1951}}</ref>

==Early years==
Krishnan was born on 24 August 1898 in [[Tanjore]], [[Madras Presidency]]. After school education in Tanjore, he continued his studies in St.Joseph's College, Tiruchirappalli. He graduated with B.A. Honours in [[geology]] from the [[Presidency College, Chennai|Presidency College]], [[Madras]], in 1919, undertook post-graduate training and research with ARCS (Associate-ship of Royal College of Science)<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=The Shaping of Indian Science: 1948-1981|last=Indian Science Congress Association|first=Volume II - Presidential Address|publisher=Universities Press|year=2003|isbn=81 7371 433 9|location=Hyderabad|pages=769}}</ref> Scholarship at [[Imperial College London]] in 1921 and received his Diploma of Imperial College (DIC) in 1923 and in 1924, he was awarded the [[Doctor of Philosophy|PhD]]<ref name="ie1"/> degree from London University.

==Career==
For two years after receiving his honours degree, Dr. Krishnan was employed as Demonstrator in Geology at [[Presidency College, Chennai|Presidency College, Madras]]. He was appointed as Assistant Superintendent ([[Geologist]]) in the superior service in the [[Geological Survey of India]] and joined the department in December 1924 <ref name=":0" /> where Dr. Krishnan worked alongside Lewis Fermor, C. S. Fox, J. A. Dunn, [[Alexander Heron|Alexander M. Heron]], H. C. Jones, and J. B. Auden. In 1943, he was promoted as Superintending Geologist and was posted as Director for newly formed Indian Bureau of Mines.<ref name=":0" /> He left the post in February, 1951 to become permanent Director (The first Indian to occupy it) of [[Geological Survey of India]]. After four years he was transferred to New Delhi as Mineral Adviser and Ex-Officio Joint Secretary to the Government of India (Ministry of Scientific Research) in August, 1955. In April, 1957 he was transferred to [[Indian School of Mines]] as its first Director to organize the expanded courses in mining and newly started course in Applied Geophysics and Petroleum Technology.<ref name=":0" />

He worked on stratigraphic mapping in Gangpur, Bonai, Bamra and Keonjar (parts of present Orissa State) and identified the 'Gangpur Series' published in GSI Memoir 71 (1937). He also worked on minerals of economic importance including iron, manganese ores, gypsum, mica, limestone and published his studies in the GSI Memoir 80 (1952). He also worked on the rocks of Girnar and the Osham hills of Saurashtra (now in Gujarat), lateritization of the peculiar [[metasedimentary]] rocks called [[khondalite]], the mineral resources of former Central Provinces and Berar (now forming parts of Madhya Pradesh), the geology of the Vindhyan formations of northern India, the Deccan traps, the Tertiaries of Tanjore (Tamil Nadu), and made observations on mythical rivers such as the Indobrahm and Saraswathi.

He taught geology at the [[Presidency College, Madras]] (1920–21), Forest College, Dehra Dun (1928–30) and the [[Presidency College, Calcutta]] (1933–35). At the suggestion of Cyril S. Fox of the [[Geological Survey of India]] (GSI) he decided to work on a book on Indian stratigraphy. This resulted in the publication of ''Geology of India and Burma'' in 1943 and the ''Introduction to Geology of India'' in 1944. The first book has gone through 6 editions and has also been translated into Russian. Krishnan served as the Director of Indian Bureau of Mines (New Delhi) from 1948 to 1951, Director of the GSI,<ref name="ie1"/> Director of [[Indian School of Mines]], Dhanbad, during 1957–58, Head of the Geology and Geophysics Department, [[Andhra University]], [[Waltair]] from 1958 to 1960, and helped found the [[National Geophysical Research Institute]], Hyderabad, of which he was the Director between 1961 and 1963.

He received the [[Padma Bhushan]] in January 1970 from President [[S. Radhakrishnan]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://archive.org/details/GeologyIndia Geology of India and Burma 1949 (second edition)]
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=xkVZ7wh3DIIC&pg=PA768&lpg=PA768&dq=m+s+krishnan+geologist&source=bl&ots=3tuBs-vY-b&sig=dH5gk5KHCOSps6fKMPTfxAkCWtM&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi7uqfXroXdAhXBfysKHdN-Bd84KBDoATAAegQIARAB#v=onepage&q=m%20s%20krishnan%20geologist&f=false The Shaping of Indian Science: 1948-1981, pp 768-769]

==Further reading==
* Sankaran, A. V. M. S. Krishnan: Geologist ''par excellence''. Current Science 75(10):1084
* Geological Survey of India: 'M.S.Krishnan, Pen Portrait', GSI News, Vol.4, No.6,June 1972, p. 5-10
* Discovery of [[National Fossil Wood Park, Sathanur|Sathanur Tree fossil]] by M.S.Krishnan

{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 1970–79}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Krishnan, M S}}
[[Category:1898 births]]
[[Category:1970 deaths]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in science & engineering]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta faculty]]
[[Category:Andhra University faculty]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian geologists]]
[[Category:Scientists from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:People from Thanjavur]]
[[Category:Indian institute directors]]
[[Category:Presidency College, Chennai alumni]]