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← Older revision		Revision as of 07:58, 3 December 2022
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	{{Short description\|Bangladeshi General (1918–1984)}}		{{Short description\|Bangladeshi General (1918–1984)}}
	{{EngvarB\|date=July ~~2022~~}}{{Use dmy dates\|date=July ~~2022~~}}{{Use Bangladeshi English\|date=December 2021}}		{{EngvarB\|date=July 2015}}{{Use dmy dates\|date=July 2015}}{{Use Bangladeshi English\|date=December 2021}}
	{{Infobox military person		{{Infobox military person
	\| honorific_prefix = [[General]]<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.theindependentbd.com/arcprint/details/165237/2018-09-07\|title = Osmani must be recognised properly in the greater interest of the nation}}</ref> Bangabir<br />বঙ্গবীর		\| honorific_prefix = [[General]]<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.theindependentbd.com/arcprint/details/165237/2018-09-07\|title = Osmani must be recognised properly in the greater interest of the nation}}</ref> Bangabir<br />বঙ্গবীর
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	}}		}}

	'''Muhammad Ataul Goni Osmani''' ({{lang-bn\|মুহাম্মদ আতাউল গণি ওসমানী}}; 1 September 1918 – 16 February 1984), also known as '''''Bangabir''''' (the Hero of Bengal), was a [[Bengalis\|Bengali]] military leader. Osmani's career spanned five decades, beginning with service in the [[British Indian Army]] in 1939. He fought in the [[Burma Campaign]] during [[World War II]]. After the [[partition of India]] in 1947, he joined the [[Pakistan Army]] and served in the [[East Bengal Regiment]], retiring as a [[colonel]] in 1967. Osmani joined the [[Provisional Government of Bangladesh]] in 1971 as the [[commander-in-chief]] of the nascent [[Mukti Bahini\|Bangladesh Forces]]. Regarded as the founder of the [[Bangladesh Armed Forces]], Osmani retired as a [[four-star general]] from the [[Bangladesh Army]] in 1972.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/opinion/tribute/the-man-who-inspired-us-during-war-1456906\|title=The man who inspired us during war\|date=September ~~2022~~}}</ref>		'''Muhammad Ataul Goni Osmani''' ({{lang-bn\|মুহাম্মদ আতাউল গণি ওসমানী}}; 1 September 1918 – 16 February 1984), also known as '''''Bangabir''''' (the Hero of Bengal), was a [[Bengalis\|Bengali]] military leader. Osmani's career spanned five decades, beginning with service in the [[British Indian Army]] in 1939. He fought in the [[Burma Campaign]] during [[World War II]]. After the [[partition of India]] in 1947, he joined the [[Pakistan Army]] and served in the [[East Bengal Regiment]], retiring as a [[colonel]] in 1967. Osmani joined the [[Provisional Government of Bangladesh]] in 1971 as the [[commander-in-chief]] of the nascent [[Mukti Bahini\|Bangladesh Forces]]. Regarded as the founder of the [[Bangladesh Armed Forces]], Osmani retired as a [[four-star general]] from the [[Bangladesh Army]] in 1972.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/opinion/tribute/the-man-who-inspired-us-during-war-1456906\|title=The man who inspired us during war\|date=September 2017}}</ref>

	Osmani entered politics in independent Bangladesh, serving as a [[Member of Parliament]] and [[cabinet minister]] in the government of [[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]]. Along with [[Mainul Hosein]], he resigned from parliament in opposition to the creation of the one party state of [[Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League\|BAKSAL]]. He advised the government on restoring the chain of command in the military after the [[assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman\|15 August coup]]. He contested the [[1978 Bangladeshi presidential election]] against [[Ziaur Rahman]]. Osmani died in London in 1984 and was buried in his hometown of [[Sylhet]].		Osmani entered politics in independent Bangladesh, serving as a [[Member of Parliament]] and [[cabinet minister]] in the government of [[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]]. Along with [[Mainul Hosein]], he resigned from parliament in opposition to the creation of the one party state of [[Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League\|BAKSAL]]. He advised the government on restoring the chain of command in the military after the [[assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman\|15 August coup]]. He contested the [[1978 Bangladeshi presidential election]] against [[Ziaur Rahman]]. Osmani died in London in 1984 and was buried in his hometown of [[Sylhet]].
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	===={{anchor\|Tour of duty in East Pakistan (1950–1956)}}East Pakistan (1950–1956)====		===={{anchor\|Tour of duty in East Pakistan (1950–1956)}}East Pakistan (1950–1956)====
	Osmani became the CO of the 1st East Bengal Regiment, stationed in [[Jessore (city)\|Jessore]] as part of the 107th Brigade, on 8 November 1951. He chose Bengali songs for regimental marching and its band ("Chol Chol Chol" by Kazi Nazrul Islam, "Gram Chara oi ranga matir poth" by [[Rabindranath Tagore]] and ''Dhono Dhanne Pushpe Bhora'' by D.L. Roy), and the ''Brotochari'' (introduced by Shodoy Dutt) became the regimental dance.<ref>Raja, Dewan Mohammad Tasawwar, ''O GENERAL MY GENERAL (Life and Works of General M A G Osmany)'', p 62, {{ISBN\|978-984-8866-18-4}}</ref> Osmani ordered his NCOs to submit daily situation reports in Bangla.<ref name="General Osmany' p90">''General Osmany'', Peer, M. Ataur Rahman, p. 90</ref> This display of Bengali culture was frowned on by his Punjabi superiors,<ref>Islam, Sheikh Akthar Ul, ''Sadhinota Juddher Sipahasalar Bongobir General Osmany'' p. 20, {{ISBN\|978-984-8901-08-3}}</ref> who disliked the adoption of what they saw as [[Hindu]] culture.<ref>{{cite news \|last1=Anam \|first1=Tahmima \|title=Robindronath Tagore's legacy lies in the freedom-seeking women of his fiction\|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/features/rabindranath-tagores-legacy-lies-in-the-freedomseeking-women-of-his-fiction-2279473.html \|work=The Independent \|access-date=30 May ~~2022~~}}</ref> Osmani was commandant of the East Bengal Regimental Center in Chittagong from February 1953 to January 1955.		Osmani became the CO of the 1st East Bengal Regiment, stationed in [[Jessore (city)\|Jessore]] as part of the 107th Brigade, on 8 November 1951. He chose Bengali songs for regimental marching and its band ("Chol Chol Chol" by Kazi Nazrul Islam, "Gram Chara oi ranga matir poth" by [[Rabindranath Tagore]] and ''Dhono Dhanne Pushpe Bhora'' by D.L. Roy), and the ''Brotochari'' (introduced by Shodoy Dutt) became the regimental dance.<ref>Raja, Dewan Mohammad Tasawwar, ''O GENERAL MY GENERAL (Life and Works of General M A G Osmany)'', p 62, {{ISBN\|978-984-8866-18-4}}</ref> Osmani ordered his NCOs to submit daily situation reports in Bangla.<ref name="General Osmany' p90">''General Osmany'', Peer, M. Ataur Rahman, p. 90</ref> This display of Bengali culture was frowned on by his Punjabi superiors,<ref>Islam, Sheikh Akthar Ul, ''Sadhinota Juddher Sipahasalar Bongobir General Osmany'' p. 20, {{ISBN\|978-984-8901-08-3}}</ref> who disliked the adoption of what they saw as [[Hindu]] culture.<ref>{{cite news \|last1=Anam \|first1=Tahmima \|title=Robindronath Tagore's legacy lies in the freedom-seeking women of his fiction\|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/features/rabindranath-tagores-legacy-lies-in-the-freedomseeking-women-of-his-fiction-2279473.html \|work=The Independent \|access-date=30 May 2015}}</ref> Osmani was commandant of the East Bengal Regimental Center in Chittagong from February 1953 to January 1955.

	He commanded the 107th Brigade in Jessore from April to October 1953 (when he was promoted to major), rejoining 1 EBR as CO until February 1954. After Osmani completed the GHQ law course and left the EBRC, he became an additional commandant (later deputy director) of the [[East Pakistan Rifles]] under the provincial government of East Bengal in March 1955.<ref name="General Osmany' p90"/> In the EBR, he expanded the recruitment of non-Bengali minority groups and ended recruiting from West Pakistan.<ref>''General Osmany'', Peer, M. Ataur Rahman, p. 101</ref>		He commanded the 107th Brigade in Jessore from April to October 1953 (when he was promoted to major), rejoining 1 EBR as CO until February 1954. After Osmani completed the GHQ law course and left the EBRC, he became an additional commandant (later deputy director) of the [[East Pakistan Rifles]] under the provincial government of East Bengal in March 1955.<ref name="General Osmany' p90"/> In the EBR, he expanded the recruitment of non-Bengali minority groups and ended recruiting from West Pakistan.<ref>''General Osmany'', Peer, M. Ataur Rahman, p. 101</ref>
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	=== {{anchor\|Issues regarding ''Mujib Bahini''}}Mujib Bahini ===		=== {{anchor\|Issues regarding ''Mujib Bahini''}}Mujib Bahini ===
	Although Osmani was commander-in-chief of all Bangladesh forces, a number of units were beyond his control. Bengali fighters raised bands to fight the Pakistanis in several areas of Bangladesh (e.g.the [[Kader Bahini\|Kaderia Bahini]], led by [[Abdul Kader Siddique\|Tiger Siddiqi]] of Tangail is the best-known),{{citation needed\|date=October ~~2022~~}} and they operated independently. Although Osmani was unconcerned, the [[Mujib Bahini]] worried the Bangladesh government in exile. The Mujib Bahini leadership, initially allowed by Osmani to recruit students and other youths, had an organized, well-armed, trained force with a primary allegiance to Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and their commanders rather than the Bangladesh government.		Although Osmani was commander-in-chief of all Bangladesh forces, a number of units were beyond his control. Bengali fighters raised bands to fight the Pakistanis in several areas of Bangladesh (e.g.the [[Kader Bahini\|Kaderia Bahini]], led by [[Abdul Kader Siddique\|Tiger Siddiqi]] of Tangail is the best-known),{{citation needed\|date=October 2015}} and they operated independently. Although Osmani was unconcerned, the [[Mujib Bahini]] worried the Bangladesh government in exile. The Mujib Bahini leadership, initially allowed by Osmani to recruit students and other youths, had an organized, well-armed, trained force with a primary allegiance to Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and their commanders rather than the Bangladesh government.

	No one doubted the skill of the Mujib Bahini or their commitment to Bangladesh. Trained by Sujan Singh Uban, an Indian Army insurgency expert, they operated under the direction of the [[Research and Analysis Wing\|R&AW]] and outside the Bangladesh [[command hierarchy\|chain of command]]. Mujib Bahini members were better trained<ref name="Shafiullah, Maj p161-162"/> and armed than their Mukti Bahini counterparts.<ref>Islam, Maj. Rafiqul, ''A Tale of Millions'', p278</ref> The Bangladeshi government and military leadership were concerned because most Mujib Bahini recruits were former Mukti Bahini members.<ref>Islam, Maj. Rafiqul, ''A Tale of Millions'', p276</ref><ref>Shafiullah, Maj. Gen. K.M, ''Bangladesh at War'', p161-163</ref> Mujib Bahini activities often hindered Mukti Bahini operations, creating misunderstanding and distrust. Clashes occurred between the groups, and the Indian Army and other organizations supporting the Bengali resistance were dissatisfied with Mujib Bahini activity.<ref>Islam, Major Rafiqul, ''A Tale of Millions'' p279</ref>		No one doubted the skill of the Mujib Bahini or their commitment to Bangladesh. Trained by Sujan Singh Uban, an Indian Army insurgency expert, they operated under the direction of the [[Research and Analysis Wing\|R&AW]] and outside the Bangladesh [[command hierarchy\|chain of command]]. Mujib Bahini members were better trained<ref name="Shafiullah, Maj p161-162"/> and armed than their Mukti Bahini counterparts.<ref>Islam, Maj. Rafiqul, ''A Tale of Millions'', p278</ref> The Bangladeshi government and military leadership were concerned because most Mujib Bahini recruits were former Mukti Bahini members.<ref>Islam, Maj. Rafiqul, ''A Tale of Millions'', p276</ref><ref>Shafiullah, Maj. Gen. K.M, ''Bangladesh at War'', p161-163</ref> Mujib Bahini activities often hindered Mukti Bahini operations, creating misunderstanding and distrust. Clashes occurred between the groups, and the Indian Army and other organizations supporting the Bengali resistance were dissatisfied with Mujib Bahini activity.<ref>Islam, Major Rafiqul, ''A Tale of Millions'' p279</ref>
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	==Death==		==Death==
	[[File:Epitaph of M.A.G Osmani.JPG\|thumb\|alt=Monument to Osmani\|Epitaph of Osmani at the [[Shah Jalal Dargah]]]]		[[File:Epitaph of M.A.G Osmani.JPG\|thumb\|alt=Monument to Osmani\|Epitaph of Osmani at the [[Shah Jalal Dargah]]]]
	In 1983, at age 65, Osmani was diagnosed with cancer at the [[Combined Military Hospital]] (CMH) in Dhaka and was flown to London for treatment at [[St Bartholomew's Hospital]] at government expense. Most of his time in the UK was spent at the home of his nephew and niece, Mashahid Ali and Sabequa Chowdhury.{{citation needed\|date=September ~~2022~~}} He died on 16 February 1984.<ref>{{cite book \|last=Khan \|first=Muazzam Hussain \|year=2012 \|chapter=Osmany, General Mohammad Ataul Ghani \|chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Osmany,_General_Mohammad_Ataul_Ghani \|editor1-last=Islam \|editor1-first=Sirajul \|editor1-link=Sirajul Islam \|editor2-last=Jamal \|editor2-first=Ahmed A. \|title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh \|edition=Second \|publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]}}</ref> Osmani's body was flown to Bangladesh, and he was buried with full military honours adjacent to his mother's grave in Darga, Sylhet.{{citation needed\|date=September ~~2022~~}}		In 1983, at age 65, Osmani was diagnosed with cancer at the [[Combined Military Hospital]] (CMH) in Dhaka and was flown to London for treatment at [[St Bartholomew's Hospital]] at government expense. Most of his time in the UK was spent at the home of his nephew and niece, Mashahid Ali and Sabequa Chowdhury.{{citation needed\|date=September 2017}} He died on 16 February 1984.<ref>{{cite book \|last=Khan \|first=Muazzam Hussain \|year=2012 \|chapter=Osmany, General Mohammad Ataul Ghani \|chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Osmany,_General_Mohammad_Ataul_Ghani \|editor1-last=Islam \|editor1-first=Sirajul \|editor1-link=Sirajul Islam \|editor2-last=Jamal \|editor2-first=Ahmed A. \|title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh \|edition=Second \|publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]}}</ref> Osmani's body was flown to Bangladesh, and he was buried with full military honours adjacent to his mother's grave in Darga, Sylhet.{{citation needed\|date=September 2017}}

	==Legacy==		==Legacy==
	[[File:Osmani International Airport.jpg\|thumb\|right\|alt=Front of Osmani International Airport terminal\|The airport in Osmani's hometown, Sylhet, has been named in his honour.]]		[[File:Osmani International Airport.jpg\|thumb\|right\|alt=Front of Osmani International Airport terminal\|The airport in Osmani's hometown, Sylhet, has been named in his honour.]]

	Osmani, nicknamed ''bongobir'' (Hero of Bengal), had a major role in organising the Bangladesh armed forces. The international airport in his hometown, Sylhet, was named ''Osmani Antorjatik Biman Bondor'' ([[Osmani International Airport]]) for him. [[Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College\|MAG Osmani Medical College]] and the city's state-run hospital also commemorate him. ''Osmani Memorial Auditorium'' in [[Dhaka]], Osmani Primary School is in the [[London Borough of Tower Hamlets]].<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://osmani.towerhamlets.sch.uk/\|title=Osmani Primary School\|access-date=19 October ~~2022~~}}</ref> The [[Osmani Museum]] is in Sylhet.		Osmani, nicknamed ''bongobir'' (Hero of Bengal), had a major role in organising the Bangladesh armed forces. The international airport in his hometown, Sylhet, was named ''Osmani Antorjatik Biman Bondor'' ([[Osmani International Airport]]) for him. [[Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College\|MAG Osmani Medical College]] and the city's state-run hospital also commemorate him. ''Osmani Memorial Auditorium'' in [[Dhaka]], Osmani Primary School is in the [[London Borough of Tower Hamlets]].<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://osmani.towerhamlets.sch.uk/\|title=Osmani Primary School\|access-date=19 October 2015}}</ref> The [[Osmani Museum]] is in Sylhet.

	==See also==		==See also==

M. A. G. Osmani - Revision history

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