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[[File:Meenakaari art from Iran.jpg|thumb|An example of Meenakari from Iran.]]

''' Minakari''' or '''Meenakari''' ({{lang-fa| میناکاری}}) is the process of painting and colouring the surfaces of [[metal]]s and [[ceramic]] [[tiles]] through [[enameling]] originating in [[Safavid Iran]]. It is practiced as an [[art]] form and commercially produced mainly in [[Iran]], [[India]], [[Afghanistan]], [[Pakistan]]. Minakari art usually involves intricate designs (mainly using geometric shapes and designs) and is applied as a decorative feature to serving dishes, containers, vases, frames, display ornaments and jewelry.<ref> it is very popularly found in [[iran]] .{{Citation|last=Mirrazavi|first=Firouzeh|title=The Art of Minakari|url=http://www.iranreview.org/content/Documents/The_Art_of_Minakari_2.htm|publisher=Iran Review (accessed=March 17, 2020)}}</ref>

==Etymology==

The word Mīnākārī is a compound word composed of the words mina and kari. Mīnā is a feminine variation of the word mīnū which means paradise or heaven. Kārī means to do or place something onto something else. Together the word Mīnākārī means to place paradise onto an object.

==History==

[[File:MeenaKaari2.jpg|thumb|Meenakaari art from Iran]][[File:MeenaKaari1.jpg|thumb|Meenakaari art from Iran]]The art of enameling metal for ornamental reasons has been traced back to the Parthian and Sassanid period of [[Iranian history]].<ref>{{Citation|last=Bānk-i Millī-i Īrān|title=A Survey of Persian handicraft: a pictorial introduction to the contemporary folk arts and art crafts of modern Iran|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hrYOAQAAMAAJ|publisher=Survey of Persian Art. Digitised 18 Aug 2010, University of Michigan|date=1977}}, pp.162-164</ref> However the meticulous ornamental work seen today can be traced back to [[Safavid Iran]] around the 15th century. The Moghuls introduced it into India and perfected the technique making the design applied on objects more intricate. The craft reached its peak in Iran during the eighteenth and nineteenth century.<ref>{{Citation|last=Borjian|first=Habib|title=Isfahan xiii. CRAFTS|url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/isfahan-xiii-crafts|publisher=Encyclopaedia Iranica|date=2007}}, Vol. XIV, Fasc. 1, pp.48-55</ref> In the twentieth century Iranian artisans specializing in meenakari were invited to other regions to assist with training local craftsmen.<ref>{{Citation|title=The Constituent Assembly (Legislature) of Pakistan Debate: Official Report, Volume 1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2hCQBuEd4x4C&q=minakari+iran|publisher=Manager of Publications, University of Minnesota|date=1952}}, p.395</ref> In India Rajasthan and Gujarat are most famous for their Mīnākārī artifacts and jewelry.

==Process==

The process usually includes the fusing of coloured powder glass onto a substrate (metal, glass or ceramics) through intense heat (usually between 750 and 850 degrees Celsius or 1382 and 1562 degrees Fahrenheit). The powder melts and cures to a smooth, durable glassy coating on metal, glass or ceramics.<ref>{{Citation|last=Mirrazavi|first=Firouzeh|title=The Art of Minakari|url=http://www.iranreview.org/content/Documents/The_Art_of_Minakari_2.htm|publisher=Iran Review (accessed=March 17, 2020)}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Minakari (The Smaltatura)|url=https://en.irancultura.it/mine/|publisher=CULTURAL INSTITUTE OF THE REP. ISL. OF THE IRAN IN ROME (accessed=March 17, 2020)}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Arts of Iran]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Ceramic art]]
[[Category:Iranian art]]
[[Category:Vitreous enamel]]

Mīnākārī - Revision history

Ajay Kumar: Created a new article