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			{{Short description\|Eighth and last of the Vedic solar deities known as Adityas in Hinduism}}
	{{Refimprove\|date=April 2015}}		{{Refimprove\|date=April 2015}}
			[[File:Martanda (An aspect of the Sun-God or Surya), Gahadavala, Rajasthan, 12th century CE.jpg\|thumb\|Martanda (an aspect of the Sun-God or [[Surya]]), [[Gahadavala dynasty]], Rajasthan, 12th century CE]]
	'''Martanda''' ({{lang-sa\|मार्तंड\|Mārtanda}}) in [[Hinduism]] is the eighth and last of the Vedic solar deities called [[Adityas]]. He is known as an Aditya by virtue of being born to [[Aditi]].<ref name="Nehra">{{cite book\|author=Air Marshal RK Nehra\|title=Hinduism & Its Military Ethos\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nD5dpTyYdYoC&pg=PT159\|publisher=Lancer Publishers LLC\|isbn=978-1-935501-47-3\|pages=159–}}</ref>		'''Martanda''' ({{lang-sa\|मार्तंड\|Mārtanda}}) in [[Hinduism]] is the eighth and last of the Vedic solar deities called [[Adityas]]. He is known as an Aditya by virtue of being born to [[Aditi]].<ref name="Nehra">{{cite book\|author=Air Marshal RK Nehra\|title=Hinduism & Its Military Ethos\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nD5dpTyYdYoC&pg=PT159\|publisher=Lancer Publishers LLC\|isbn=978-1-935501-47-3\|pages=159–}}</ref>

->245CMR: Rm infobox of Surya

2021-07-18T17:44:51Z

Rm infobox of Surya

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{{Refimprove|date=April 2015}}
'''Martanda''' ({{lang-sa|मार्तंड|Mārtanda}}) in [[Hinduism]] is the eighth and last of the Vedic solar deities called [[Adityas]]. He is known as an Aditya by virtue of being born to [[Aditi]].<ref name="Nehra">{{cite book|author=Air Marshal RK Nehra|title=Hinduism & Its Military Ethos|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nD5dpTyYdYoC&pg=PT159|publisher=Lancer Publishers LLC|isbn=978-1-935501-47-3|pages=159–}}</ref>

==Etymology==
Mârtânda is etymologically derived from ''mârta'', meaning “dead or undeveloped” (a word connected with ''mrita'', the past participle of ''mri'', "to die") and ''ânda'', "an egg or a bird". The name denotes a dead sun, or a sun that has sunk below the horizon.<ref>Arctic Home in the Vedas, B G Tilak</ref>

==Mentions==
[[File:Martand Sun Temple Central shrine (6133772365).jpg|thumb|[[Martand Sun Temple|Martand Sun temple]], built in 8th-century CE in [[Anantnag]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] is dedicated to Mārtanda.]]
Book 10, Hymn 72 of the [[Rigveda]] has the following verse:

::''Eight are the Sons of Aditi who from her body sprang to life.''
::''With seven she went to meet the Gods she cast Martanda far away.''
::''So with her Seven Sons Aditi went forth to meet the earlier age. She brought
::''Martanda thitherward to spring to life and die again.''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.m.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Rig_Veda/Mandala_10/Hymn_72|title=The Rig Veda/Mandala 10/Hymn 72 - Wikisource, the free online library|website=en.m.wikisource.org|access-date=2020-03-19}}</ref>

Aditi at first had only seven sons but later gave birth to an eighth son named Mārtanda. Although many hymns in the Rigveda mention him along with the other Adityas as a form of [[Surya]], as evident from the verse above, Aditi shunned him.

[[File:Sun temple martand indogreek.jpg|thumb|[[Surya]] [[Martand Sun Temple|temple]] at [[Martand]], photographed by [[John Burke (photographer)|John Burke]], 1868.]]

The ''Taittirîya Aranyaka'' reads:

::''Tat parâ Mârtândam â abharat''
::(She set aside Mârtânda for birth and death)

The Aranyaka then proceeds to give the names of the eight sons as [[Mitra]], [[Varuna]], [[Dhatri|Dhâtṛi]], [[Aryaman]], Amsha, [[Bhaga]], [[Indra]] and [[Vivasvat]]. But no further explanation is added, nor is it told which of these eight sons represented Mârtânda.<ref>The Taittirîya Aranyaka, I, 13, 2-3</ref>

In the post-Vedic period, when the number of Adityas increased to twelve, the name ''Vivasvat'' was added to the canon. Vivasvat and Martanda are often used interchangeably.

[[Martand Sun Temple|Martand Sun temple]] in [[Anantnag]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] is dedicated to Mārtanda. Today the temple is in ruins and Martanda is no longer venerated there. However a temple complex nearby named Martand Tirth serves as a modern replacement.

==See also==
* [[List of Hindu deities]]
* [[Martand Sun Temple]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Martanda}}
[[Category:Hindu gods]]
[[Category:Adityas]]

Mārtanda - Revision history

ImportMaster: robot: Create/update articles in Category:Hindu gods.

->245CMR: Rm infobox of Surya