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{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}
{{short description|River in northwest India}}

{{Infobox river
| name = Luni River
| name_native = Lavanavari, Lavanavati
| name_native_lang =
| name_other = Sagarmati
| name_etymology =
| nickname =

| image =
| image_size =
| image_caption =
| image_alt =

| map = Sarasvati river.jpg
| map_size = 232px
| map_caption = Course of River Luni or Lavanaravi river, south of the estimated route of the ancient Sarasvati river
| map_alt =
| pushpin_map = India
| pushpin_map_size =
| pushpin_map_caption= Location of the mouth of the river in India
| pushpin_map_alt =

| subdivision_type1 = Country
| subdivision_name1 = [[India]]
| subdivision_type2 = State
| subdivision_name2 = [[Rajasthan]]
| subdivision_type3 =
| subdivision_name3 =
| subdivision_type4 =
| subdivision_name4 =
| subdivision_type5 =
| subdivision_name5 =

| length = {{cvt|495|km}}
| width_min =
| width_avg =
| width_max =
| depth_min =
| depth_avg =
| depth_max =
| discharge1_location=
| discharge1_min =
| discharge1_avg =
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| source1 =
| source1_location = [[Pushkar]] Valley near [[Ajmer]]
| source1_coordinates= 
| source1_elevation = {{cvt|550|m}}
| mouth =
| mouth_location = [[Gujarat]]
| mouth_coordinates = {{coord|24|39|N|71|11|E|display=it|region:IN_type:river_source:GNS-enwiki}}
| mouth_elevation =
| progression =
| river_system =
| basin_size = {{cvt|37363|km2}}
| basin_landmarks =
| basin_population =
| tributaries_left = [[Jawai River]], [[Sukri River]], [[Guhiya River]], [[Bandi River]]
| tributaries_right = [[Jojari River]]
| waterbodies =
| waterfalls =
| bridges =
| ports =
| custom_label =
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}}
The '''Luni''' is the largest river in the [[Thar Desert]] of northwest [[India]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Carling|first1=Paul A.|last2=Leclair|first2=Suzanne F.|date=2018-07-16|title=Alluvial stratification styles in a large, flash-flood influenced dryland river: The Luni River, Thar Desert, north-west India|journal=Sedimentology|volume=66|issue=1|pages=102–128|doi=10.1111/sed.12487|issn=0037-0746|doi-access=free}}</ref> It originates in the [[Pushkar]] valley of the [[Aravalli Range]], near [[Ajmer]], passes through the southeastern portion of the Thar Desert, and ends in the marshy lands of [[Rann of Kutch]] in [[Gujarat]], after travelling a distance of {{convert|495|km|mi}}. It is first known as '''Sagarmati''', then after passing [[Govindgarh, Rajasthan|Govindgarh]], it meets its tributary Saraswati, which originates from [[Pushkar Lake]], and from then on it is called Luni.<ref name=lun>{{cite book|url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V16_217.gif|title=Luni River, The Imperial Gazetteer of India|year=1909|volume=16|pages=211–212}}, see also [[The Imperial Gazetteer of India]]</ref>

In 1892, Maharaja Jaswant Singh of [[Jodhpur]] constructed Jaswant Sagar in Pichiyak village between [[Bilara]] and Bhavi of [[Jodhpur district]]. It is one of the largest artificial lakes in India, and irrigates more than {{convert|12000|acre|km2}}.<ref name=lun/>

==Etymology==
The Luni is also known as the Lavanavari or Lavanavati, which means '''"salt river"''' in [[Sanskrit]], due high salinity of its water.<ref name=lun/>

==Overview==
The Luni River basin is 37,363 km², which includes all or part of the [[Ajmer district|Ajmer]], [[Barmer district|Barmer]], [[Jalore district|Jalore]], [[Jodhpur district|Jodhpur]], [[Nagaur district|Nagaur]], [[Pali district|Pali]], and [[Sirohi district|Sirohi]] districts of Rajasthan and the [[Banaskantha district|Banaskantha]] and [[Patan district|Patan]] districts of northern [[Gujarat]]. Its major tributaries are the [[Sukri]], Mithri River, [[Bandi River|Bandi]], [[Khari River|Khari]], [[Jawai River|Jawai]], [[Guhiya River|Guhiya]] and Sagi from the left, and the Jojari from the right.<ref name=":0" />

The Luni River begins near Ajmer in the Pushkar valley of the western [[Aravalli Range]] at an elevation of about 550m. At this point, the river is also known as the Sagarmati. The river then flows in the southwest direction through the hills and plains of the Marwar region in Rajasthan. The river flows south-west and enters the Thar Desert before dissipating into the [[Rann of Kutch]], traversing a total of 495 km. In spite of the high [[salinity]], it is a major river in the region and serves as a primary source of irrigation. The Luni is not saline until it reaches [[Balotra]], where high salt content in the soil impacts the river.<ref name=":0" />

The Luni may have been the southern portion of the historic [[Ghaggar-Hakra]] river channel.<ref name=":0" />

==Tributaries==
The Jawai, Sukri, Guhiya, Bandi and Jojari rivers are the main tributaries of Luni river. The Jojari is the only tributary that merges to the right-bank of the river while other 10 tributaries reach its left bank. All the tributaries except Jojari originates from the Aravalli hill.<ref name="indiatoday.in">{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/luni-mysterious-indian-river-in-west-rajasthan-facts-html-1380307-2018-11-01|title=Luni, the Indian river with saline water that doesn't drain into any sea or ocean: Facts you need to know|access-date=7 March 2020|work=India Today}}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080326193503/http://www.rajirrigation.gov.in/3bluni.htm Luni Basin (Department of Irrigation, Government of Rajasthan)]</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080419033829/http://www.rajirrigation.gov.in/3rivers5.htm Luni tributaries (Department of Irrigation, Government of Rajasthan)]</ref>

==Dams and irrigation==
The dams in Luni river are:<ref name="indiatoday.in"/>
*Dantiwada dam
*Sipu dam
*Jaswant Sagar Dam - built in 1892 by Maharaja Jaswant Singh.It is one of the largest artificial lakes in India.

The two major irrigation projects on Luni river are Sardar Samand and Jawai dam.<ref name="indiatoday.in"/>

==Flash Floods==
Flash floods have occurred in the Luni river as the river flows on a shallow bed and the riverbank soil is easily flattened by the rain water.<ref name="indiatoday.in"/>

The worst flood was happened in 2006, when the desert region received heavy rain. The water levels rose to 15–25 feet submerging the surrounding region. The 2006 flash floods in caused water levels to rise to as high as 15–25 feet submerging many parts along the river in the [[Barmer district]]. A large number of people and animals died in the flood.<ref name="indiatoday.in"/>

In 2010, another flood occurred but there were less casualties.<ref name="indiatoday.in"/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Hydrography of Rajasthan}}
{{Waters of South Asia}}

[[Category:Rivers of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Barmer district]]
[[Category:Aravalli Range]]
[[Category:Rivers of India]]

Luni River - Revision history

Hafilhafi: Content refined for better accuracy

imported>RajasthanBot at 05:31, 2 July 2021