CleanupBot: /* 2009 swine flu pandemic */clean up, typos fixed: May 5, 2009 → May 5, 2009,

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2009 swine flu pandemic: clean up, typos fixed: May 5, 2009 → May 5, 2009,

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	==== 2009 swine flu pandemic ====		==== 2009 swine flu pandemic ====
	A lockdown was implemented in [[Mexico]] from April 30 to May 5, 2009 due to the [[2009 swine flu pandemic]].<ref>{{Cite web\|last=Carroll\|first=Rory\|last2=Tuckman\|first2=Jo\|date=2009-04-30\|title=Swine flu: Mexico's government orders businesses to close and citizens to stay indoors for five days in an effort to halt swine flu\|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/apr/30/swine-flu-mexico-government-lockdown\|url-status=live\|access-date=2021-03-21\|website=[[The Guardian]]\|language=en}}</ref>		A lockdown was implemented in [[Mexico]] from April 30 to May 5, 2009, due to the [[2009 swine flu pandemic]].<ref>{{Cite web\|last=Carroll\|first=Rory\|last2=Tuckman\|first2=Jo\|date=2009-04-30\|title=Swine flu: Mexico's government orders businesses to close and citizens to stay indoors for five days in an effort to halt swine flu\|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/apr/30/swine-flu-mexico-government-lockdown\|url-status=live\|access-date=2021-03-21\|website=[[The Guardian]]\|language=en}}</ref>

	====COVID-19 pandemic====		====COVID-19 pandemic====

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2021-08-11T20:41:26Z

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{{About|the emergency measure|the mass safety measure in a disease outbreak|Stay-at-home order|the specific case of COVID-19 precautions|COVID-19 lockdowns|the practice of isolating prisoners|Solitary confinement|other uses}}
{{short description|Emergency protocol that prevents people or information from leaving an area}}
{{EngvarB|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}

A '''lockdown''' is a restriction policy for people or community to stay where they are, usually due to specific risks to themselves or to others if they can move and interact freely. The term "stay-at-home" or "shelter-in-place" is often used for lockdowns that affect an area, rather than specific locations.

The term is used for a prison protocol that usually prevents people, information or objects from leaving an area. The protocol can usually only be initiated by someone in a position of [[authority]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Capitalist lockdown is bad. Capitalist reopening is worse {{!}} Red Flag|url=http://redflag.org.au/node/7197|access-date=2021-05-01|website=redflag.org.au|language=en}}</ref>

A lockdown can also be used to protect people inside a facility or, for example, a computing system, from a threat or other external event. In buildings doors leading outside are usually locked so that no person may enter or exit. A '''full lockdown''' usually means that people must stay where they are and may not enter or exit a building or rooms within it, needing to go to the nearest place designated safe if not already in such a place.
[[File:Zone wise lockdown in new Bhopal 2.jpg|thumb|Barricaded streets during the lockdown due to COVID-19 outbreak in [[Bhopal]], India]]

The first lockdown implemented during [[COVID-19]] as a preventive measure was in Wuhan in January 2020.<ref name=":1">Li et al (2021) COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: Pressing Realities and City Management, Frontiers in Public Health, 8, 1079, https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2020.596913/full</ref>

==Types==
Procedures for using both emergency and preventive lockdowns must be planned.<ref name=lockdowntype1>[https://www.campussafetymagazine.com/blogs/why-schools-need-2-types-of-lockdowns/ Why Schools Need 2 Types of Lockdowns], campussafetymagazine.com, June 14, 2012.</ref>

===Preventive lockdown===
{{anchor|Preventive}}
{{See also|Preventive action}}

A '''preventive lockdown''' is a preemptive action plan implemented to address an unusual scenario or a weakness in system to preempt any danger to ensure the safety and security of people, organisation and system. The focus for preventive actions is to avoid dangers and risks arising from the nonconformity to the normal circumstances, but also commonly includes improvements in efficiency.

Preventive lockdowns are preemptive lockdowns to mitigate risk. Most organisations plan for the emergency lockdowns but fail to plan for other situations that might quickly degrade to dangerous levels. These protocols must be based on the type of threat, and should be kept simple and short for quick learning and implementation, and flexible enough to handle several scenarios. This allows administrators more options to choose from which are easier to use in various scenarios. For example, in case of a loud scene by a parent or an unarmed petty thief being chased by the police through the school playground, this flexible procedure allows school administrators the flexibility to implement a more limited lockdown while teaching in school continues, thus eliminating need for complete emergency lockdown, disruption and delays in resumption of teaching, etc. The consequences of not having procedures to implement such lockdowns is that the situation might quickly escalate where there could be loss of human lives.<ref name=lockdowntype1/>

===Emergency lockdown===
{{See also|Emergency procedure}}

'''Emergency lockdowns''' are implemented when there is imminent threat to the lives or risk of injury to humans, for example, a school's emergency lockdown procedures must be kept short and simple to make them easier to use under real life crisis conditions. Simple procedures can be easily taught with periodic lockdown drills instead of lengthy training.<ref name=lockdowntype1/>

===In epidemics and pandemics===
[[File:Bryn_Benidorm.jpg|thumb|Police conversing with people during a lockdown in Benidorm, Spain]]
{{Main|Stay-at-home order}}
{{See also|Pandemic prevention#Testing and containment}}
Lockdowns can limit movements or activities in a community while allowing most organizations to function normally, or limit movements or activities such that only organizations supplying basic needs and services can function normally.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.slideshare.net/KevinHilRDineros/covid19-crisis-management-and-prevention-plan?fbclid=IwAR2a74JhmEJwZCHLqA11RMtm_MX_qM1LZvAL7CJB_tj4pITiMozguGjgIJE|title=COVID-19 Crisis Management and Prevention Plan|last1=Dineros|first1=Kevin|last2=Dipasupil|first2=Jan Paolo|date=15 March 2020|website=COVID-19 Crisis Management and Prevention Plan|access-date=March 21, 2020}}</ref>

==== 2009 swine flu pandemic ====
A lockdown was implemented in [[Mexico]] from April 30 to May 5, 2009 due to the [[2009 swine flu pandemic]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Carroll|first=Rory|last2=Tuckman|first2=Jo|date=2009-04-30|title=Swine flu: Mexico's government orders businesses to close and citizens to stay indoors for five days in an effort to halt swine flu|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/apr/30/swine-flu-mexico-government-lockdown|url-status=live|access-date=2021-03-21|website=[[The Guardian]]|language=en}}</ref>

====COVID-19 pandemic====
{{Main|COVID-19 lockdowns}}

During the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], the term lockdown was used for actions related to mass [[quarantine]]s or stay-at-home orders.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Resnick |first1=Brian |title=Italy and China used lockdowns to slow the coronavirus. Could we? |url=https://www.vox.com/science-and-health/2020/3/10/21171464/coronavirus-us-lockdown-travel-restriction-italy |access-date=25 March 2020 |work=VOX |date=10 March 2020}}</ref> The first lockdown during the pandemic was implemented in [[Wuhan lockdown|Wuhan]] on January 23, 2020.<ref name=":1" /> By early April 2020, 3.9 billion people worldwide were under some form of lockdown—more than half the [[World population|world's population]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Coronavirus: Half of humanity now on lockdown as 90 countries call for confinement |url=https://www.euronews.com/2020/04/02/coronavirus-in-europe-spain-s-death-toll-hits-10-000-after-record-950-new-deaths-in-24-hou |work=[[Euronews]] |date=3 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=A third of the global population is on coronavirus lockdown—here's our constantly updated list of countries and restrictions |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/countries-on-lockdown-coronavirus-italy-2020-3 |work=Business Insider |date=28 March 2020}}</ref> By late April, around 300 million people were under lockdown in nations of Europe, while around 200 million people were under lockdown in Latin America.<ref>{{cite news |title=What Share of the World Population Is Already on COVID-19 Lockdown? |url=https://www.statista.com/chart/21240/enforced-covid-19-lockdowns-by-people-affected-per-country/ |publisher=Statista |date=23 April 2020 }}</ref> Nearly 300 million people, or about 90 per cent of the population, were under some form of lockdown in the United States,<ref>{{cite news |title=About 90% of Americans have been ordered to stay at home. This map shows which cities and states are under lockdown |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/us-map-stay-at-home-orders-lockdowns-2020-3 |work=Business Insider |date=2 April 2020}}</ref> and 1.3 billion people have been under [[2020 coronavirus lockdown in India|lockdown in India]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Nair |first1=Supriya | name-list-style = vanc |title=For a billion Indians, lockdown has not prevented tragedy |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/commentisfree/2020/mar/29/india-lockdown-tragedy-healthcare-coronavirus-starvation-mumbai |work=The Guardian |date=29 March 2020}}</ref>

The lockdown in the Philippines started on 14 March 2020 and is one of the longest and strictest lockdowns with varying levels of [[COVID-19 community quarantines in the Philippines|community quarantine]] being imposed on all major islands and cities.<ref>{{Cite web|title=COVID-19 in Philippines: Police deployed to implement fresh lockdowns {{!}} DW {{!}} 20.07.2020|url=https://www.dw.com/en/covid-19-in-philippines-police-deployed-to-implement-fresh-lockdowns/a-54243337|access-date=2020-08-05|agency=[[Deutsche Welle]]|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=The Philippines' fierce lockdown drags on, despite uncertain benefits|work=The Economist|url=https://www.economist.com/asia/2020/07/11/the-philippines-fierce-lockdown-drags-on-despite-uncertain-benefits|access-date=2020-08-05|issn=0013-0613}}</ref> Similarly the lockdown in South Africa started on 27 March 2020<ref>{{Cite web|title=South Africa Begins Nationwide Coronavirus Lockdown {{!}} Voice of America - English|url=https://www.voanews.com/science-health/coronavirus-outbreak/south-africa-begins-nationwide-coronavirus-lockdown|access-date=2020-06-24|website=www.voanews.com|language=en}}</ref> and progressed through various levels. It is also one of the strictest lockdowns in the world with cigarettes and alcohol banned throughout.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Flanagan|first=Jane|title=Coronavirus in South Africa: tobacco smugglers benefit from world's strictest lockdown|language=en|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/south-africa-tobacco-smugglers-are-biggest-winners-in-world-s-strictest-coronavirus-lockdown-g0gjjbkh3|access-date=2020-06-24|issn=0140-0460}}</ref>

==Typical scenarios==
===Schools===
Lockdown procedures vary by site and country. Generally, a lockdown means that interior and exterior doors are locked, and all students and staff must remain in their location from the time the lockdown is announced. In some locations, windows are covered, and students stand at the back of the classroom or away from windows.

Since the [[Columbine High School massacre|Columbine shooting in 1999]], lockdown procedures in schools have been changing. Some schools direct teachers to continue with standard procedures while remaining quiet, while some recommend an active approach against threats.<ref>{{cite web|title=School Safety Questioned After Shooting|url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/school-safety-experts-disagree-lockdown-procedures-newtown-shooting/story?id=17978485|website=ABC News|language=en|date=16 December 2012}}</ref>

===Prisons===
In prisons, the term ''lockdown'' can be defined as a course of action to control the movement of inmates. Confining all prisoners, except workers, to their cells until the end of the day is an example of a "lockdown period" in a corrections schedule.{{citation needed|date=March 2019}} However a "full lockdown" is used when all prisoners are locked in their cells to prevent [[prison riots]] or unrest from spreading or during an emergency.<ref>Spiegel, Sarah. "[https://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1199&context=californialawreview Prison Race Rights: An Easy Case for Segregation]." Calif. L. Rev. 95 (2007): 2261.</ref>

===Hospitals===
In US guidelines, occasions for preventing entry into a hospital may include: [[power failure]], [[earthquake]], [[flooding]], [[fire]], [[bomb threat]], [[hostage crisis]] and [[active shooter]].<ref name="cal">[http://www.calhospitalprepare.org/sites/main/files/file-attachments/lockdown_policy_4.doc Lockdown Policy] from California Hospital Association. Retrieved December 2012</ref><ref name="Iroquois">[http://www.iroquois.org/userfiles/HP%20Lockdown%20policy.doc Lockdown Policy] at Iroquois Healthcare Alliance. Retrieved December 2012</ref> Occasions for preventing both entry and exit from a hospital may include: external contamination, [[civil disturbance]] and [[child abduction|abduction of an infant or child]].<ref name=cal/><ref name=Iroquois/>

===Lean manufacturing process===
In [[manufacturing]], the term ''lockdown event'' refers to a [[continuous improvement]] initiative in which manufacturing in a specific area (typically a cell or specific piece of machinery) is halted in order to contain, and determine, what are the issues that are preventing the manufacture of goods from meeting [[quality (business)|quality]] specifications. During the ''lockdown event'' a multi-disciplinary team reviews the specific area's manufacturing processes, tooling and machine condition, to find the root cause(s) of the problem(s). Once changes to the process, or machine repairs that may include adjustments or replacement are effected, a sample run is initiated and evaluated. If the results of the [[Verification and validation|validation]] are within the required specifications, the area lockdown is lifted and production is resumed. Follow-up sampling is conducted subsequently to ensure continuity of the lockdown results.

==Historical events==
{{recentism|date=March 2020}}
In the wake of the [[September 11 attacks]] (2001), a three-day lockdown of American [[civilian]] [[airspace]] was initiated.

At the [[University of British Columbia]] (UBC) on January 30, 2008, an unknown threat was made, and the [[Royal Canadian Mounted Police]] (RCMP) issued a lockdown order on one of the buildings on campus for six hours, cordoning off the area. A campus alert was sent via email to everyone affiliated with UBC, while those in the building remained locked in it.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.straight.com/article-131020/cause-for-ubc-lockdown-still-uncertain-but-initial-posting-may-reveal-some-clues|title=Cause for UBC Lockdown still uncertain but initial posting may reveal some clues|date=Jan 31, 2008|website=The Georgia Straight|access-date=Oct 15, 2020}}</ref><ref>[https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/police-increase-presence-at-ubc-following-lockdown-1.741366 "Police increase presence at UBC following lockdown"]</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20080131.wubclockdown0131/BNStory/National/home|title=Threat prompts lockdown at UBC|access-date=Oct 15, 2020}}</ref>

On April 10, 2008, two Canadian [[secondary school]]s were locked down due to suspected firearm threats. [[George S. Henry Academy]] was locked down in [[Toronto]], [[Ontario]] at approximately 2:00 p.m.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.insidetoronto.ca/News/NorthYork/article/45610|title=NORTH YORK: Two charged after George S. Henry Academy lockdown|access-date=Oct 15, 2020}}</ref> The [[Emergency Task Force (TPS)]] were contacted and the lockdown lasted for more than two hours. [[New Westminster Secondary School]] was locked down in [[New Westminster]], [[British Columbia]] at approximately 1:40 p.m.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.canada.com/theprovince/news/story.html?id=31b5f3d2-7491-4e18-8766-0c4f974ee44d&k=18879|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090217010311/http://www2.canada.com/theprovince/news/story.html?id=31b5f3d2-7491-4e18-8766-0c4f974ee44d&k=18879|url-status=dead|title=Teen arrested in connection with school lockdown|archive-date=Feb 17, 2009|access-date=Oct 15, 2020}}</ref> The [[Emergency Response Team]] (ERT) was called, and the school was under lockdown until 4:30 p.m. Due to the size of the school some students were not able to leave until 7:00 p.m.

On April 19, 2013, the entire city of [[Boston]], US was locked down and all public transportation stopped during the manhunt for terrorists Dzhokhar and Tamerlan Tsarnaev, the perpetrators of the [[Boston Marathon bombing]], while the town of [[Watertown, Massachusetts|Watertown]] was under heavily armed police and SWAT surveillance, and systematic house-to-house searches were carried out.<ref>[http://www.theatlanticwire.com/national/2013/04/boston-lockdown-residents-are-asked-shelter-place-while-cops-sweep-watertown/64383/ This Is What It Looks Like When the Police Shut Down a City], ''The Atlantic Wire'', 19 Apr 2013. Retrieved Jun 2013.</ref><ref>[http://nation.time.com/2013/04/19/a-town-under-seige-watertown-residents-describe-life-under-lockdown/ A Town Under Siege: Watertown Residents Describe Life Under Lockdown], ''Time'', 19 Apr 2013. Retrieved Jun 2013.</ref><ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/apr/19/boston-lockdown-police-hunt-bombing-suspect Boston faces lockdown as police hunt for marathon bombing suspect], [[The Guardian]], 19 April 2013. Retrieved 19 April 2013.</ref>

In Belgium, its capital [[2015 Brussels lockdown|Brussels was locked down in 2015]] for days while security services sought suspects involved with the [[November 2015 Paris attacks]]. Later in 2015, a terror threat caused the [[2015 Los Angeles Unified School District closure]].

In August 2019, the Indian government imposed a [[2019–20 Jammu and Kashmir lockdown|lockdown on Jammu and Kashmir]] after the revocation of the special status of the state,<ref>{{cite news |title=Restrictions eased as Kashmir enters Day 22 of lockdown |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india-restrictions-eased-srinagar-jammu-kashmir-enters-day-22-of-lockdown-article-370-544906 |work=India TV news |date=26 August 2019}}</ref> by [[Communications blackout|communications]] and [[media blackout]], claiming that the lockdown was to curb terrorism.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/backpage/news/india-pm-defends-kashmir-decision-1784113|title=India PM defends Kashmir decision|date=9 August 2019}}</ref>

According to [[Merriam-Webster]], the first known use of lockdown occurred in 1973, referring to the confinement of prisoners.<ref>[https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/lockdown Merriam-Webster definition of lockdown]</ref>

Tracking usage changes through events reported up to 1999 in [[The New York Times]]:<ref>[https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/browser The New York Times ''TimesMachine'']</ref>

:Feb 12, 1974, Violent Inmates Are Isolated at San Quentin contains the first reference to ''lockdown''.

:Jul 29, 1998, Children in Tow, Tourists Stream to Capitol to Mourn Its Guardians, By Lizette Alvarez: "Friday's act by a gunman prompted few calls for a lockdown of the Capitol."

:Oct 25, 1998, Report Card in Yonkers On New Schools Chief, By Elsa Brenner: "Dr. Hornsby declared a lockdown in the city's high schools, informing 6,000 students that they could no longer ventue off campus for pizzas and Chinese food."

:Nov 8, 1998, No More Rotten Odors, Sewage Protesters Say, By David Koeppel: "At Seaford Harbor School, Principal Barbara Bauer, who attended the rally, acknowledged that the smells had resulted in one 'lockdown' in the past year. On Oct. 26, parents say, a lockdown was declared at another school, Mandalay elementary."

:Feb 10, 1999, As Senate Goes Into Lockdown, Quiet Fills Capitol, By Frances X. Clines: "the Senate went into lockdown with President Clinton's fate in its hands."

:Jun 6, 1999, In Brief: School Hot Line: "there has also been 'a massive security lockdown' at all Yonkers schools. ...All but one entrance door in each school is locked, and safety officers are stationed at each. Everyone entering school buildings is being scanned for weapons."

:Aug 13, 1999, Schools in New York Area Reassess Safety for Students, By Randal C. Archibold: "The shootings at Columbine High School in Littleton, Colo., have led school officials in the New York City metropolitan area to reassess security and in some cases to make changes to minimize threats. At one extreme is West Hartford, Conn., where administrators devised what they termed a 'lockdown' drill in which students and teachers, practicing in case there should be a shooting, lock all doors and stay put until they are told that the police have arrived."

==See also==
* {{annotated link|Amber alert}}
* {{annotated link|Code Adam}}
* {{annotated link|Curfew}}
* {{annotated link|Martial law}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*{{Wiktionary-inline}}

[[Category:Criminology]]
[[Category:Penal imprisonment]]
[[Category:Emergency management]]

Lockdown - Revision history

CleanupBot: /* 2009 swine flu pandemic */clean up, typos fixed: May 5, 2009 → May 5, 2009,

Flying Bee: Created page with "{{About|the emergency measure|the mass safety measure in a disease outbreak|Stay-at-home order|the specific case of COVID-19 precautions|COVID-19 lockdowns|the practice of iso..."