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{{Politics of India}}

Local government. in [[Maharashtra]] State follows the general structure of [[Local Governance in India]] and is broadly classified into two categories: Urban Local Governance and Rural Local Governance.

==Urban Local Governance==
Maharashtra is the third most urbanised state in India with 42.23% of its population living in urban areas, compared with the national average of 31.16%. The urban population grew by 23.7% in the 2001–11 period to 50.8 million and now has the highest number of people living in urban areas.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Census of India 2011 Press Release : Rural - Urban distribution of Population (Provisional)|url=http://pibmumbai.gov.in/English/PDF/E2011_PR1143.PDF|access-date=28 August 2020|website=Press Information Burea Government of India}}</ref> Maharashtra has 255 Statutory Towns and 279 Census Towns.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Handbook of Urban Statistics 2019|url=http://mohua.gov.in/pdf/5c80e2225a124Handbook%20of%20Urban%20Statistics%202019.pdf|access-date=28 August 2020|website=Ministry of Housing and Urban Administration, Government of India}}</ref>

=== Municipal Acts ===
There are three municipal acts in effect in Maharashtra;
{| class="wikitable"
|'''Name of Act'''
|'''Area of Effect'''
|-
|Maharashtra Municipal Councils, Nagar Panchayats and Industrial Townships Act, 1965<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Maharashtra Municipal Councils, Nagar Panchayats and Industrial Townships Act, 1965|url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/8812/1/municipal_councils_nagar_panchayats_and_industrial_townships_act%2C_1965_%2840_of_1965%29.pdf|access-date=28 August 2020|website=India Code}}</ref>
|All Municipal Councils, Nagar Panchayats, and Industrial Townships in Maharashtra
|-
|Maharashtra Municipal Corporations Act<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Maharashtra Municipal Corporations Act|url=https://pmc.gov.in/sites/default/files/miscellaneous/%2802%29%20The%20Mah.%20Municipal%20Corporation%20Act%20%28H-4062%29.pdf|access-date=28 August 2020|website=Pune Municipal Corporation}}</ref>
|All Municipal Corporations in Maharashtra, except Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation
|-
|Mumbai Municipal Corporation Act, 1888<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mumbai Municipal Corporation Act, 1888|url=https://mysocietyclub.com/assets/pdf/THE-MUMBAI-MUNICIPAL-CORPORATION-ACT_1888.pdf|access-date=28 August 2020|website=MySocietyClub}}</ref>
|Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation
|}

Section 3 of Maharashtra Municipal Corporations Act, and Sections 3,4, and 341A of Maharashtra Municipal Councils, Nagar Panchayats and Industrial Townships Act, 1965 create the following categories of urban areas based on their population.
{| class="wikitable"
| colspan="4" |'''Types of Urban Areas according to the Municipal Acts in Maharashtra'''
|-
| colspan="2" |'''Type'''
|'''Population Criteria'''
|'''Type of Local Body'''
|-
| colspan="2" |Larger Urban Area
|Population more than 300,000
|Municipal Corporation
|-
| rowspan="3" |Smaller Urban Area
|Type A
|Population more than 100,000
| rowspan="3" |Municipal Council
|-
|Type B
|Population of more than 40,000 but not more than 100,000
|-
|Type C
|Population of 40,000 or less but more than 25,000
|-
| colspan="2" |Transitional Area
|10,000 to 25,000
|Nagar Panchayat
|}

Further, depending on the population size, the Acts prescribes the minimum and maximum number of councillors/wards allowed within each type of local government.
{| class="wikitable"
| colspan="4" |'''Minimum and Maximum number of Councillors Allowed in Municipalities in Maharashtra'''
|-
|'''Population Range'''
|'''Minimum'''
|'''Incremental Number'''
|'''Maximum'''
|-
| colspan="4" |'''Municipal Corporations'''
|-
|Above 2.4 million
|145
|For every additional population of 100,000, one additional councillor
|221
|-
|1.2 million – 2.4 million
|115
|For every additional population of 40,000 above 1.2 million, one additional councillor
|145
|-
|600,000 – 1.2 million
|85
|For every additional population of 20,000 above 600,000, one additional councillor
|115
|-
|300,000 – 600,000
|65
|For every additional population of 15,000 above 300,000, one additional councillor
|85
|-
| colspan="4" |'''Municipal Council'''
|-
|Class 'A' Municipal Council
|38
|For every 8,000 of the population above 100,000, there shall be one additional elected Councillor
|65
|-
|Class 'B' Municipal Council
|23
|For every 5,000 of the population above 40,000 there shall be one additional elected Councillor
|37
|-
|Class 'C' Municipal Council
|17
|For every 3,000 of the population above 25,000 there shall be one additional elected Councillor
|23
|-
| colspan="4" |'''Nagar Panchayat'''
|-
|Nagar Panchayat
|126
|<nowiki>- </nowiki>
|126<ref>{{Cite web|last=Number of Nagar Panchayats in Maharashtra|title=Number of Nagar Panchayats in State of Maharashtra|url=https://mahadma.maharashtra.gov.in/AdmRegisteroffice/classwiseulblist_new/NP/NAGAR%20PANCHAYAT/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%20%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A4|url-status=live}}</ref>
|}

===Municipal Corporations===
There are 27 Municipal Corporations in Maharashtra, as follows:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Rank || Name || City || District || Established || Grade || Population (2011) || PartyPower
|-
|1
| [[Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation]]
|[[Mumbai]]
|[[Mumbai City District]],<br/> [[Mumbai Suburban District]]
|1888
|A+
|11,914,398
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|-
|2
| [[Pune Municipal Corporation]]
|[[Pune]]
|[[Pune]]
|1950
|A
|3,115,431
|[[BJP]]
|-
|3
| [[Nagpur Municipal Corporation]]
|[[Nagpur]]
|[[Nagpur]]
|1951
|A
|2,405,421
|[[BJP]]
|-
|4
| [[Thane Municipal Corporation]]
|[[Thane]]
|[[Thane district|Thane]]
|1982
|B
|1,818,872
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|-
|5
| [[Pimpri-Chinchwad Municipal Corporation|Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation]]
|[[PCMC|Pune]]
|[[Pune district|Pune]]
|1982
|A
|1,729,359
|[[BJP]]
|-
|6
| [[Nashik Municipal Corporation]]
|[[Nashik]]
|[[Nashik]]
|1982
|B
|1,486,973
|[[BJP]]
|-
|7
| [[Kalyan-Dombivli Municipal Corporation]]
|[[Kalyan-Dombivli]]
|[[Thane district|Thane]]
|1982
|C
|1,246,381
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|-
|8
| [[Vasai-Virar Municipal Corporation]]
|[[Vasai-Virar]]
|[[Palghar district|Palghar]]
|2009
|C
|1,221,233
|[[Bahujan Vikas Aghadi]]
|-
|9
| [[Aurangabad Municipal Corporation]]
|[[Aurangabad, Maharashtra|Aurangabad]]
|[[Aurangabad district, Maharashtra|Aurangabad]]
|1982
|C
|1,171,330
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|-
|10
| [[Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation]]
|[[Navi Mumbai]]
|[[Thane district|Thane]]
|1992
|C
|1,119,477
|[[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]] & [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|-
|11
| [[Solapur Municipal Corporation]]
|[[Solapur]]
|[[Solapur]]
|1964
|D
|951,118
|[[BJP]]
|-
|12
| [[Mira-Bhayandar Municipal Corporation]]
|[[Mira-Bhayandar]]
|[[Thane district|Thane]]
|2002
|D
|814,655
|[[BJP]]
|-
|13
| [[Bhiwandi-Nizampur Municipal Corporation]]
|[[Bhiwandi-Nizampur]]
|[[Thane district|Thane]]
|2002
|D
|711,329
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|-
|14
| [[Amravati Municipal Corporation]]
|[[Amravati]]
|[[Amravati]]
|1983
|D
|646,801
|[[BJP]]
|-
|15
| [[Nanded-Waghala Municipal Corporation]]
|[[Nanded-Waghala]]
|[[Nanded]]
|1997
|D
|550,564
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|-
|16
| [[Kolhapur Municipal Corporation]]
|[[Kolhapur]]
|[[Kolhapur]]
|1972
|D
|549,283
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] & [[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]]
|-
|17
| [[Akola Municipal Corporation]]
|[[Akola]]
|[[Akola]]
|2001
|D
|537,489
|[[BJP]]
|-
|18
| [[Panvel Municipal Corporation]]
|[[Panvel]]
|[[Raigad district|Raigad]]
|2016
|D
|509,901
|[[BJP]]
|-
|19
| [[Ulhasnagar Municipal Corporation]]
|[[Ulhasnagar]]
|[[Thane district|Thane]]
|1998
|D
|506,937
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|-
|20
| [[Sangli-Miraj & Kupwad|Sangli-Miraj-Kupwad Municipal Corporation]]
|[[Sangli-Miraj & Kupwad]]
|[[Sangli]]
|1998
|D
|502,697
|[[BJP]]
|-
|21
| [[Malegaon Municipal Corporation]]
|[[Malegaon]]
|[[Nashik]]
|2003
|D
|471,006
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] & [[Shiv Sena]]
|-
|22
| [[Jalgaon Municipal Corporation]]
|[[Jalgaon]]
|[[Jalgaon district|Jalgaon]]
|2003
|D
|460,468
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|-
|23
| [[Latur Municipal Corporation]]
|[[Latur]]
|[[Latur]]
|2011
|D
|382,754
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|-
|24
| [[Dhule Municipal Corporation]]
|[[Dhule]]
|[[Dhule district|Dhule]]
|2003
|D
|376,093
|BJP
|-
|25
| [[Ahmednagar Municipal Corporation]]
|[[Ahmednagar]]
|[[Ahmednagar]]
|2003
|D
|350,905
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|Shivsena]]
|-
|26
| [[Chandrapur Municipal Corporation]]
|[[Chandrapur]]
|[[Chandrapur]]
|2011
|D
|321,036
|[[BJP]]
|-
|27
| [[Parbhani Municipal Corporation]]
|[[Parbhani]]
|[[Parbhani]]
|2011
|D
|307,191
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] & [[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]]
|}

===Municipal councils===
There are 226 municipalities in Maharashtra. Some Municipal Councils are:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Name || City || District || Established || Grade || Population (2011) || Party in Power
|-
|Sailu Municipal Council
|[[Sailu]]
|[[Parbhani district|Parbhani]]
|1951
|B
|46,915
|
|-
|Gondia Municipal Council
|[[Gondia]]
|[[Gondia District]]
|
|A
|
|[[Bhartiya Janta Party|BJP]]
|-
|[[Tirora]] Municipal Council
|[[Tirora]]
|[[Gondia District]]
|1957
|C
|27,515
|[[Bhartiya Janta Party|BJP]] & [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|-
|Katol [[Municipal Council]]
|[[Katol]]
|[[Nagpur District]]
|
|A
|
|[[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]]
|-
| Kopergaon Municipal Council
|[[Kopargaon|Kopergaon]]
|[[Ahmednagar District]]
|
|B
|
|[[Bhartiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|-
| Chikhi Municipal Council
|[[Chikhli, Maharashtra|Chikhli]]
|[[Buldhana District]]
|
|B
|
|[[Bhartiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|-
| Rahata Municipal Council
|[[Rahata]]
|[[Ahmednagar District]]
|1987
|B
|
|[[Bhartiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|-
|[[Karjat Municipal Council]]
|[[Karjat]]
|[[Raigad district]]
|1992
| C
|29,663
|[[Shivsena]]
|}

=== Ward Committees ===
Section 66A of Maharashtra Municipal Councils, Nagar Panchayats and Industrial Townships Act, 1965 mandates the setting up of wards committees in municipal areas with a population more than 300,000.<ref name=":0" /> Thus, Nagar Panchayats, and Type B and C Municipal Councils are automatically relieved of setting up Wards Committees, as well as Type A Municipal Councils with population less than 300,000. More than one ward may constitute one Wards Committee and it is left to the discretion of the municipal body to decide upon the number of such wards.

Section 29A of the Maharashtra Municipal Corporations Act mandates the setting up of wards committees in areas with Municipal Corporations.<ref name=":1" /> It gives more details about the number of wards committees to be formed according to population size:
{| class="wikitable"
| colspan="4" |'''Number of Wards Committees allowed according to Maharashtra Municipal Corporations Act'''
|-
|Population
|Minimum Number of Ward Committees
|Additional Wards Committees for Additional Population
|Maximum Number of Ward Committees
|-
|Above 2.4 million
|13
|600,000
|25
|-
|1.2 million – 2.4 million
|9
|300,000
|13
|-
|450,000 – 1.2 million
|4
|150,000
|9
|-
|300,000 – 450,000
|3
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
|4
|}
While bigger cities like Mumbai and Pune have formed Wards Committees which are active, smaller cities are yet to have active wards committees.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ward Committees|url=https://portal.mcgm.gov.in/irj/portal/anonymous/qlwardcom?guest_user=english|access-date=28 August 2020|website=Municipal Corproation of Greater Mumbai}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=13 June 2017|title=BJP to head 11 of 15 ward committees in PMC|work=The Indian Express|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/bjp-to-head-11-of-15-ward-committees-in-pmc-4701268/|access-date=28 August 2020}}</ref>

==Rural Local Governance==
Rural governance in India is based on the [[Panchayati Raj]] system. It is a three tier system, with the [[District Councils of India|Zilla Parishad]] at the district level, Taluka panchayat at the [[Taluka]] or sub-district level and Grampanchayat (Village Council) at the lowest level. It is governed under the ''Maharashtra Zilla Parishads and Panchayat Samitis Acts 1961'' of Maharashtra State. That act was amended with Act XXI to bring it in line with 73rd amendment to the Indian constitution in 1994.<ref>{{cite web|title=Maharashtra Zilla Paris hads and Panchayat Samitis Act 1961|url=http://www.panchayat.gov.in/documents/10198/350801/Maharashtra%20Panchayat%20Act%201961.pdf|publisher=Govt of India, Ministry of Panchayat Raj|access-date=9 December 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Patil |first1=R B |last2=Mathew |first2=George (Editor) |last3=Baviskar |first3=B S (Editor) |title=Inclusion and Exclusion in Local Governance: Field Studies from Rural India |date=2009 |publisher=sage Publications India |location=New Delhi |isbn=978-81-7829-860-3 |pages=317–318 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EmWaEVcTvJ0C&q=reserved+panchayat+maharashtra&pg=PA19}}</ref>

===Zilla parishad===
[[District Councils of India|Zilla Parishad]] (commonly known as ZP) is a local government body at the district level in India. It looks after the administration of the rural area of the district and its office is located at the district headquarters.

There are 34 Zilla Parishads in Maharashtra which are as follows.
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
# Thane Zilla Parishad
# Palghar Zilla Parishad
# [[Raigad Zilla Parishad Alibag ]]
# Ratnagiri Zilla Parishad
# Sindhudurg Zilla Parishad
# Nashik Zilla Parishad
# Dhule Zilla Parishad
# Nandurbar Zilla Parishad
# [[Jalgaon Zilla Parishad]]
# Ahmednagar Zilla Parishad
# Pune Zilla Parishad
# Satara Zilla Parishad
# Sangli Zilla Parishad
# Solapur. Zilla Parishad
# Kolhapur Zilla Parishad
# Aurangabad Zilla Parishad
# Jalna Zilla Parishad
# Parbhani Zilla Parishad
# Hingoli Zilla Parishad
# Beed Zilla Parishad
# [[Nanded Zilla Parishad]]
# Osmanabad Zilla Parishad
# Latur Zilla Parishad
# Amravati Zilla Parishad
# Akola Zilla Parishad
# Washim Zilla Parishad
# Buldhana Zilla Parishad
# Yavatmal Zilla Parishad
# Nagpur Zilla Parishad
# Wardha Zilla Parishad
# [[Bhandara Zilla Parishad]]
# Gondiya Zilla Parishad
# Chandrapur Zilla Parishad
# Gadchiroli Zilla Parishad

{{div col end}}

===Panchayat samiti===
[[Panchayat samiti]] is a local government body at the [[Taluka]] (sub-district)( level in India. It works for the villages that together are called a Block. The Panchayat Samiti is the link between the Gram Panchayat and Zilla Parishad.

There are 351 panchayat samitis or block panchayats in Maharashtra.

===Gram panchayat===
[[File:Grampanchayat Office Chinawal.jpg|thumb|right|175px|Gram panchayat office at [[Chinawal]] village in Maharashtra]]
[[Gram panchayat]]s are local self-government bodies at the village level. They are a cornerstone of the [[panchayati raj]] system. A gram panchayat can be set up in villages with a population of more than five hundred. There is a common gram panchayat for two or more villages if the population of these villages is less than five hundred, whereupon it is called a group-gram panchayat. The panchayat members are elected by the voters in the village but seats are reserved for different categories. 33% of the seats are reserved for women. The scheduled castes (SC), scheduled tribes(ST), and other backward classes (OBC) get seats allocated in proportion to their population in the village. The office holder positions (sarpanch and the deputy sarpanch positions) are rotated between different demographics such as women, SC, ST. , general category etc. <ref>{{cite book |last1=Patil |first1=R B |last2=Mathew |first2=George (Editor) |last3=Baviskar |first3=B S (Editor) |title=Inclusion and Exclusion in Local Governance: Field Studies from Rural India |date=2009 |publisher=sage Publications India |location=New Delhi |isbn=978-81-7829-860-3 |page=40 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EmWaEVcTvJ0C&q=reserved+panchayat+maharashtra&pg=PA19}}</ref>

There are 28,813 gram panchayats in Maharashtra.<ref>[http://panchayat.gov.in/adminreps/consolidatedreport.asp - Panchayat raj Portal] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070224160335/http://panchayat.gov.in/adminreps/consolidatedreport.asp |date=2007-02-24 }}</ref>

==Elections==
After every five years, [[Maharashtra State Election Commission]] conducts elections in all local bodies.<ref name="SEC Milestones">{{cite web|title=SEC Milestones|url=http://www.mahasec.com/eng/html/about_us.asp|access-date=16 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120802032310/http://www.mahasec.com/eng/html/about_us.asp|archive-date=2 August 2012}}</ref>

==See also==

*[[Local Governance in Kerala]]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20100822161543/http://decwatch.org/ Decentralisation and Local Governace in Kerala]

==References==
<references/>Economic Survey of Maharashtra 2014-15

[[Category:Local government in Maharashtra| ]]

Local government in Maharashtra - Revision history

SusannahParish: quick fix

->Citation bot: Alter: last3, pages, url. URLs might have been anonymized. Formatted dashes. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by Grimes2 | Category:CS1 maint: extra punctuation | #UCB_Category 202/271