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Moving Category:British people of colonial India to Category:British people in colonial India per Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2021 August 18#British people of colonial India

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[[The Honourable|The Hon.]] '''Lionel Cripps''', [[Order of St Michael and St George|CMG]] (11 October 1863 – 3 February 1950), was the first Speaker of the [[Southern Rhodesian Legislative Assembly]].

Born in [[Shimla|Simla]], [[India]], and educated in [[England]], he was the son of a General in the Bengal Staff Corps.<ref>"Mr. Lionel Cripps A Rhodesian Pioneer", p. 8, ''The Times'', 4 February 1950</ref> Cripps moved to [[South Africa]] in 1879, where he took up farming. In 1890, Cripps served as a trooper in A Troop of the [[Pioneer Column]] that occupied [[Mashonaland]] before prospecting in the [[Mazowe|Mazoe]] district and eventually settling near [[Mutare|Umtali]] to farm [[tobacco]]. In doing so, he became the first farmer in Rhodesia to raise tobacco as a commercial crop.<ref>Rubert, S. (1998) ''A Most Promising Weed: A History of Tobacco Farming & Labor in Colonial Zimbabwe, 1890-1945'', p. 2, Ohio University Press, Ohio. {{ISBN|0-89680-203-5}}</ref> There he represented farmers in the region as head of a "vigilance committee", raising their grievances with [[Cecil Rhodes]] and demanding political rights within Rhodesia.<ref name=Selby>Selby, A. (2006) ''Commercial Farmers And The State: Interest Group Politics And Land Reform In Zimbabwe'', Doctoral Thesis, [[University of Oxford]], Oxford.</ref>

On 6 April 1893, he married Mary Lovemore in [[Cape Town]]. Together, they had four sons (Lionel, Hereward, Harold, and Derick) and one daughter, Angela.

In 1903, Cripps helped established and led the influential [[Commercial Farmers' Union|Rhodesian Agricultural Union]] (RAU), a body representing settler farmers.<ref name=Selby/> He attempted to parlay his stature in the community into a political career, unsuccessfully contesting Eastern Constituency in the [[1911 Southern Rhodesian Legislative Council election]] before his election to the [[Southern Rhodesian Legislative Council]] in [[1914 Southern Rhodesian Legislative Council election|1914]]. Re-elected in [[1920 Southern Rhodesian Legislative Council election|1920]],<ref>Willson, F. (1963) ''Source Book of Parliamentary Elections and Referenda in Southern Rhodesia 1898-1962'', Department of Government, University College of Rhodesia and Nyasaland, Salisbury</ref> Cripps was elected the inaugural speaker of the Legislative Assembly in 1923.<ref>Kent Rasmussen, R. & Rubert, S. (1990) ''Historical Dictionary of Zimbabwe'', Second Edition, The Scarecrow Press Inc., New Jersey. {{ISBN|0-8108-3471-5}}.</ref>

Upon his retirement from politics in 1935, Cripps helped establish the National Archives and served as a member of the Historical Monuments Commission and developed a passion for [[Rock art]], making copies of all known rock art in Rhodesia.<ref>Cooke, p. 263.</ref> Many of his reproductions of rock paintings and drawings are archived at the [[University of Zimbabwe]]'s Archaeological Unit and an academic study of his work, entitled ''Immortalising the Past - Reproductions of Zimbabwean Rock Art by Lionel Cripps'', was released in 2007.<ref>Tera, R. "Zimbabwe: Book Breaks New Ground", ''The Herald'' (Harare) 18 July 2007.</ref>

Cripps died in [[Umtali]], [[Southern Rhodesia]].

==Sources==
* Cooke, CK (1965) "Evidence of Human Migrations from the Rock Art of Southern Rhodesia", ''Africa: Journal of the International African Institute'', Vol. 35, No. 3.

== References ==
<references/>{{Zimbabwe-Speakers of Parliament}}{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cripps, Lionel}}
[[Category:1863 births]]
[[Category:1950 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Shimla]]
[[Category:British people in colonial India]]
[[Category:White Rhodesian people]]
[[Category:Rhodesian farmers]]
[[Category:Rhodesian politicians]]
[[Category:Members of the Pioneer Column]]
[[Category:People educated at Reading School]]
[[Category:South African farmers]]
[[Category:White South African people]]

Lionel Cripps - Revision history

>Siegfried Nugent at 09:36, 9 September 2021

imported>JJMC89 bot III: Moving :Category:British people of colonial India to :Category:British people in colonial India per Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2021 August 18#British people of colonial India