Ledo Road - Revision history

https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Ledo_Road Ledo Road - Revision history 2026-08-22T05:13:50Z Revision history for this page on the wiki MediaWiki 1.43.6 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ledo_Road&diff=376746&oldid=prev Bot: robot: Create/update articles. If there is a mistake please report on my talk page. 2022-12-25T09:18:27Z

<p>robot: Create/update articles. If there is a mistake please report on my <a href="/wiki/User_talk:Bot" title="User talk:Bot">talk page</a>.</p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 14:48, 25 December 2022</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l69">Line 69:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 69:</td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>When flying over the Hukawng Valley during the monsoon, [[Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma|Mountbatten]] asked his staff the name of the river below them. An American officer replied, "That's not a river, it's the Ledo Road."<ref>Moser, [https://books.google.com/books?id=JCV6AAAAIAAJ&q=That's+not+a+river,+it's+the+Ledo+Road&pgis=1 p. 139] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220212031301/https://books.google.com/books?id=JCV6AAAAIAAJ&q=That%27s+not+a+river%2C+it%27s+the+Ledo+Road&pgis=1 |date=12 February 2022 }}</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>When flying over the Hukawng Valley during the monsoon, [[Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma|Mountbatten]] asked his staff the name of the river below them. An American officer replied, "That's not a river, it's the Ledo Road."<ref>Moser, [https://books.google.com/books?id=JCV6AAAAIAAJ&q=That's+not+a+river,+it's+the+Ledo+Road&pgis=1 p. 139] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220212031301/https://books.google.com/books?id=JCV6AAAAIAAJ&q=That%27s+not+a+river%2C+it%27s+the+Ledo+Road&pgis=1 |date=12 February 2022 }}</ref></div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Stillwell road coal museum image.jpg|thumb|Image of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Stillwell </del>Road displayed in Coal Heritage Park & Museum, [[Margherita, Assam]].]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Stillwell road coal museum image.jpg|thumb|Image of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Stilwell </ins>Road displayed in Coal Heritage Park & Museum, [[Margherita, Assam]].]]</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== American Army units assigned to the Ledo Road ==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== American Army units assigned to the Ledo Road ==</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l94">Line 94:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 94:</td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Post World War II==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Post World War II==</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{unreferenced section|date=March <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">2022</del>}}</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{unreferenced section|date=March <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">2016</ins>}}</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>After Burma was liberated, the road gradually fell into disrepair. In 1955 the Oxford-Cambridge Overland Expedition drove from London to Singapore and back. They followed the road from Ledo to Myitkyina and beyond (but not to China). The book ''[[First Overland]]'' written about this expedition by Tim Slessor (1957) reported that bridges were down in the section between [[Pangsau Pass]] and Shingbwiyang. In February 1958 the Expedition of Eric Edis and his team also used the road from Ledo to Myitkyina en route to Rangoon, Singapore and Australia. Ten months later they returned in the opposite direction. In his book about this expedition ''The Impossible Takes a Little Longer'', Edis (2008) reports that they have removed a yellow sign with India/Burma on it from the Indian/Burmese border and that they have donated it to the Imperial War Museum in London. For many years, travel into the region was also restricted by the [[Government of India]]. Because of continuous clashes between insurgents (who were seeking shelter in Burma) and the [[Indian Armed Forces]], India imposed harsh restrictions between 1962 and the mid-1990s on travel into Burma.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>After Burma was liberated, the road gradually fell into disrepair. In 1955 the Oxford-Cambridge Overland Expedition drove from London to Singapore and back. They followed the road from Ledo to Myitkyina and beyond (but not to China). The book ''[[First Overland]]'' written about this expedition by Tim Slessor (1957) reported that bridges were down in the section between [[Pangsau Pass]] and Shingbwiyang. In February 1958 the Expedition of Eric Edis and his team also used the road from Ledo to Myitkyina en route to Rangoon, Singapore and Australia. Ten months later they returned in the opposite direction. In his book about this expedition ''The Impossible Takes a Little Longer'', Edis (2008) reports that they have removed a yellow sign with India/Burma on it from the Indian/Burmese border and that they have donated it to the Imperial War Museum in London. For many years, travel into the region was also restricted by the [[Government of India]]. Because of continuous clashes between insurgents (who were seeking shelter in Burma) and the [[Indian Armed Forces]], India imposed harsh restrictions between 1962 and the mid-1990s on travel into Burma.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l105">Line 105:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 105:</td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>As of 2022, the road from Ledo to Nampong in India was a paved road, with the road going further to Pangsau Pass on India-Myanmar having restricted civilian access. From Pangsau to [[Tanai]] was a mud track, from Tanai to Myitkyina was a wide compacted-earth road maintained by a commercial plantation company, road section from Myitkyina to China border was reconstructed by a Chinese company, from China border to Kunmin is a 6 lane highway.<ref>[https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2012/11/29/india-puts-brakes-on-road-to-china India puts brakes on road to China] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128210419/https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2012/11/29/india-puts-brakes-on-road-to-china/ |date=28 November 2020 }}, Aljazeera, 29 November 2012.</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>As of 2022, the road from Ledo to Nampong in India was a paved road, with the road going further to Pangsau Pass on India-Myanmar having restricted civilian access. From Pangsau to [[Tanai]] was a mud track, from Tanai to Myitkyina was a wide compacted-earth road maintained by a commercial plantation company, road section from Myitkyina to China border was reconstructed by a Chinese company, from China border to Kunmin is a 6 lane highway.<ref>[https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2012/11/29/india-puts-brakes-on-road-to-china India puts brakes on road to China] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128210419/https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2012/11/29/india-puts-brakes-on-road-to-china/ |date=28 November 2020 }}, Aljazeera, 29 November 2012.</ref></div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Since the beginning of 21st century, the Burmese government focused on the reconstruction of the Ledo Road as an alternative to the existing [[Lashio]]-[[Kunming]] [[Burma Road]]. The Chinese government completed construction of the [[Myitkyina]]-[[Kambaiti]] section in 2007. Rangoon-based [[Yuzana Company]] constructed the section between [[Myitkyina]] and [[Tanai]] (Danai) which was already operational in 2011 as the company owns thousands of acres of land there for its multiple crop plantation including sugarcane and cassava.<ref name="danai1">[https://www.bnionline.net/en/kachin-news-group/item/10024-yuzana-company-kills-buffaloes-with-chemicals-in-hukawng-valley.html Yuzana Company kills buffaloes with chemicals in Hukawng Valley] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210331203817/https://www.bnionline.net/en/kachin-news-group/item/10024-yuzana-company-kills-buffaloes-with-chemicals-in-hukawng-valley.html |date=31 March 2021 }}, BNI, 18 January 2011.</ref> India's Government, however, fears that the road may be useful to militants in [[North East India]] who have hideouts in Myanmar.<ref name="kachinnews-2008-10-01">Staff. [http://www.kachinnews.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=351:residents-homes-on-ledo-road-to-move-back-20-feet&catid=1:latest-news&Itemid=50 Resident's homes on Ledo Road to move back 20 feet] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110413202212/http://www.kachinnews.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=351:residents-homes-on-ledo-road-to-move-back-20-feet&catid=1:latest-news&Itemid=50 |date=13 April 2011 }}, [http://www.kachinnews.com Kachin News Group (KNG)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120308175755/http://www.kachinnews.com/ |date=8 March 2012 }}, 7 August 2008 </ref><ref>Human Rights Documentation Unit, [http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs5/HRDU2007.pdf Burma Human Rights Yearbook 2007] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081002222253/http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs5/HRDU2007.pdf |date=2 October 2008 }}, [[National Coalition Government of the Union of Burma]], September 2008. p. 214</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/stilwell-road-indochina-road-to-peace/163192-3.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110701115151/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/stilwell-road-indochina-road-to-peace/163192-3.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=1 July 2011|title=News18.com: CNN-News18 Breaking News India, Latest News Headlines, Live News Updates|website=News18|access-date=26 May <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">2022</del>}}</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Since the beginning of 21st century, the Burmese government focused on the reconstruction of the Ledo Road as an alternative to the existing [[Lashio]]-[[Kunming]] [[Burma Road]]. The Chinese government completed construction of the [[Myitkyina]]-[[Kambaiti]] section in 2007. Rangoon-based [[Yuzana Company]] constructed the section between [[Myitkyina]] and [[Tanai]] (Danai) which was already operational in 2011 as the company owns thousands of acres of land there for its multiple crop plantation including sugarcane and cassava.<ref name="danai1">[https://www.bnionline.net/en/kachin-news-group/item/10024-yuzana-company-kills-buffaloes-with-chemicals-in-hukawng-valley.html Yuzana Company kills buffaloes with chemicals in Hukawng Valley] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210331203817/https://www.bnionline.net/en/kachin-news-group/item/10024-yuzana-company-kills-buffaloes-with-chemicals-in-hukawng-valley.html |date=31 March 2021 }}, BNI, 18 January 2011.</ref> India's Government, however, fears that the road may be useful to militants in [[North East India]] who have hideouts in Myanmar.<ref name="kachinnews-2008-10-01">Staff. [http://www.kachinnews.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=351:residents-homes-on-ledo-road-to-move-back-20-feet&catid=1:latest-news&Itemid=50 Resident's homes on Ledo Road to move back 20 feet] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110413202212/http://www.kachinnews.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=351:residents-homes-on-ledo-road-to-move-back-20-feet&catid=1:latest-news&Itemid=50 |date=13 April 2011 }}, [http://www.kachinnews.com Kachin News Group (KNG)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120308175755/http://www.kachinnews.com/ |date=8 March 2012 }}, 7 August 2008 </ref><ref>Human Rights Documentation Unit, [http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs5/HRDU2007.pdf Burma Human Rights Yearbook 2007] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081002222253/http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs5/HRDU2007.pdf |date=2 October 2008 }}, [[National Coalition Government of the Union of Burma]], September 2008. p. 214</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/stilwell-road-indochina-road-to-peace/163192-3.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110701115151/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/stilwell-road-indochina-road-to-peace/163192-3.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=1 July 2011|title=News18.com: CNN-News18 Breaking News India, Latest News Headlines, Live News Updates|website=News18|access-date=26 May <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">2019</ins>}}</ref></div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In 2010 the BBC described the road: "Much of the road has been swallowed up by jungle. It is barely passable on foot and is considered too dangerous to use by many because of the presence of Burmese and Indian ethnic insurgents in the area....At present the road from Myitkyina to the Chinese border – along with the brief Indian section – is usable."<ref name="BBCStillwellReopen" /></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In 2010 the BBC described the road: "Much of the road has been swallowed up by jungle. It is barely passable on foot and is considered too dangerous to use by many because of the presence of Burmese and Indian ethnic insurgents in the area....At present the road from Myitkyina to the Chinese border – along with the brief Indian section – is usable."<ref name="BBCStillwellReopen" /></div></td></tr> </table>

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