https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Lal_Behari_DayLal Behari Day - Revision history2026-10-30T10:35:23ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.43.6https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lal_Behari_Day&diff=511701&oldid=prevPenneyIrby336: new a post2026-02-08T09:21:40Z<p>new a post</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{Short description|Bengali writer and journalist}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Lal Behari Day<br />
| image = Lal Behari Dey1.jpg<br />
| alt = <!-- descriptive text for use by speech synthesis (text-to-speech) software --><br />
| caption = Lal Behari Day, before 1892<br />
| birth_name = Lal Behari Dey Mondal<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1824|12|18}}<br />
| birth_place = Sonapalasi, [[Bardhaman]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[Company Raj|British India]]<br />
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1892|10|28|1824|12|18}} <br />
| death_place = [[Calcutta]], Bengal Presidency, British India<br />
| other_names = <br />
| occupation = <br />
| years_active = <br />
| known_for = <br />
| notable_works = <br />
}}<br />
[[Reverend]] '''Lal Behari Day''' (also '''Dey''', 18 December 1824 – 28 October 1894) was an Indian writer and journalist, who [[religious conversion|converted]] to Christianity, and became a Christian missionary himself.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|title=Builders of Bengal|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/amp/culture/people/builders-of-bengal-lal-behari-dey/cid/1812650}}</ref><br />
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==Biography==<br />
Lal Behari Dey was born on 18 December 1824 to a [[Bengali people|Bengali]] [[Suvarna Banik]]<ref>{{Cite book|last=Roy|first=Samaren|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p_EaPju60k0C|title=The Bengalees: Glimpses of History and Culture|date=1999|publisher=Allied Publishers|isbn=978-81-7023-981-9|pages=59|language=en}}</ref> caste family at Sonapalasi near [[Bardhaman]]. His father Radhakanta Dey Mondal was a small bill broker in Kolkata. After primary education in the village school he came to [[Kolkata|Calcutta]] with his father and was admitted to Reverend [[Alexander Duff (missionary)|Alexander Duff]]'s General Assembly Institution, where he studied from 1834 to 1844. (Duff's Institution is now the [[Scottish Church Collegiate School]]; he was one of the first five boys admitted by Duff.) Under Duff's tutelage he formally embraced [[Christianity]] on 2 July 1843. In 1842, a year before his [[baptism]] he had published a tract, ''The Falsity of the Hindu Religion'', which had won a prize for the best essay from a local Christian society.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Day, Rev. Lalbehari - Banglapedia|url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/Day,_Rev._Lalbehari|access-date=2021-11-21|website=en.banglapedia.org}}</ref><br />
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From 1855 to 1867 Lal Behari was a missionary and minister of the [[Free Church of Scotland (1843-1900)|Free Church of Scotland]].<br />
From 1867 to 1889 he worked as professor of [[English literature|English]] in Government-administered colleges at [[Baharampur|Berhampore]] and [[Hugli-Chinsura|Hooghly]]. After having served in several churches in the prime of his career, he joined the Berhampore Collegiate School as Principal in 1867. Later he became Professor of English and Mental and Moral Philosophy in Hooghly Mohsin College of the University of Calcutta and stayed with it from 1872 to 1888. Being a devout Christian but pro-[[British Raj]], he protested against any discrimination practised by the ruling class against the natives.<br />
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Lalbehari Dey was known for his profound knowledge of the English language and literature. During his work at Burdwan he saw rural life closely and this experience was drawn upon to ''Bengal Peasant Life (1874''). At this time landlord-tenant relations had greatly deteriorated, and there was peasant unrest in various parts of Bengal. ''Bengal Peasant Life'' explains the reasons for this situation. Lalbehari was against the zamindari system and he may be called the first man to investigate and report the actual problems of the depressed classes under the operation of the permanent settlement and suggest remedies towards solving the problem. His contemporaries [[Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay]], [[Peary Chand Mitra]] and [[Dinabandhu Mitra]], also wrote powerfully about peasants and depressed class's problems. Their opinions greatly influenced the report of the Rent Commission of 1880 which led to the enactment of the famous bengal tenancy act of 1885, which has been termed as the Magna Carta of peasant rights in Bengal.<br />
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Rev. Lalbehari also wrote two novels, ''Chandramukhi'', ''A Tale of Bengali Life'' (1859) and ''Govinda Samanta'', which portray the suffering of peasants under the zamindari system. In 1874 his ''Govinda Samanta'' won the prize of [[Rupee|Rs]] 500 offered by Baboo Joy Kissen Mookerjea of [[Uttarpara]], one of the most enlightened [[zamindar]]s in Bengal, for the best novel, written either in Bengali or in English, illustrating the "Social and Domestic Life of the Rural Population and Working Classes of Bengal". [[Charles Darwin]] wrote a letter on 18 April 1881 to the publishers saying,<br />
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:"I see that the Reverend Lal Behari Day is Editor of the Bengal Magazine and I shall be glad if you would tell him with my compliments how much pleasure and instruction I derived from reading a few years ago, this novel, Govinda Samanta."<br />
[[File:What princess ever puts only one ruby in her hair.jpg|thumb|Illustration to ''Folk-Tales of Bengal'' by [[Warwick Goble]]]]<br />
Lalbehari Dey was perhaps the first collector of Bengali fairy tales and compiled [[Folk-Tales of Bengal]] (1875). This scholarly work is a path-breaking effort in cataloguing the cultural heritage of rural Bengal. This compilation not only preserved folk tales that might otherwise have been lost, but also paved the way for the modern study of [[Folk literature]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Fairy Tales - Banglapedia|url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Fairy_Tales|access-date=2021-11-21|website=en.banglapedia.org}}</ref><br />
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Lalbehari was also strong advocate of Bengali medium and vernacular education. He made it a policy to publish features on the importance of education in the vernaculars in ''Arunodaya'' (1875), a fortnightly journal published and edited by him. These views were given due attention by [[William Wilson Hunter|Hunter Commission]] (1882), education commission for popularizing education among depressed classes.<br />
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He was also the editor of three English magazines, ''Indian Reformer'' (1861), ''Friday Review'' (1866) and ''Bengal Magazine'' (1872). Apart from writing in these magazines, Lal Behari also contributed articles to ''[[Calcutta Review]]'' and ''Hindu Patriot''. He was a member of many associations like the Bethune Society and the Bengal Social Science Association.<br />
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He was made a Fellow of the [[University of Calcutta]] from 1877.<br />
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Lal Behari Day died on 28 October 1894 <ref>MacPherson 1900, p. 139.</ref> {{Clarify|date=November 2021}}, at Calcutta.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><br />
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==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
* MacPherson, G. (1900). Life of Lal Behari Day: Convert, Pastor, Professor, and Author (Edinburgh: T & T Clark)<br />
* {{Cite web|url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Fairy_Tales|title=Fairy Tales |publisher=[[Banglapedia]] (en.banglapedia.org) |access-date=2016-03-25}}<br />
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==External links==<br />
{{Portal |Children's literature }}<br />
* [http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Day,_Rev._Lalbehari "Day, Rev. Lalbehari (1824–1894)"] at ''Banglapedia''<br />
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061210050258/http://www.multifaithnet.org/images/content/seminarpapers/FromKrishnaPaltoLalBehari.htm "From Krishna Pal to Lal Behari Dey: Indian Builders of the Church in India or Native Agency in Bengal 1800–1880"] by Dr E.M. Jackson, University of Derby, at MultiFaithNet.org (archived 2006-12-10)<br />
* {{Gutenberg author | id=39493| name=Lal Behari Day}}<br />
* {{Librivox author |id=9487}}<br />
* {{LCAuth|n80025702|Lal Behari Day|10|ue}}<br />
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{{Authority control}}<br />
{{Bengal Renaissance}}<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Dey, Lal Behari}}<br />
[[Category:Scottish Church Collegiate School alumni]]<br />
[[Category:Scottish Church College alumni]]<br />
[[Category:Bengali-language writers]]<br />
[[Category:Bengali writers]]<br />
[[Category:Converts to Protestantism from Hinduism]]<br />
[[Category:Bengali Christians]]<br />
[[Category:Indian Christian theologians]]<br />
[[Category:19th-century Indian journalists]]<br />
[[Category:1824 births]]<br />
[[Category:1892 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:19th-century ministers of the Free Church of Scotland]]<br />
[[Category:19th-century Presbyterian ministers]]<br />
[[Category:19th-century Indian Christian clergy]]<br />
[[Category:Presbyterian missionaries in India]]<br />
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of Calcutta]]<br />
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]<br />
[[Category:Fellows of the University of Calcutta]]<br />
[[Category:Indian Presbyterian missionaries]]<br />
[[Category:People from Purba Bardhaman district]]<br />
[[Category:Journalists from West Bengal]]<br />
[[Category:Indian Christian writers]]<br />
[[Category:Collectors of fairy tales]]</div>PenneyIrby336