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+Category:13th-century Hindu temples; ±Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1250→Category:Religious buildings and structures completed in 1250 using HotCat

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{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2019}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple
| name = Lakshminarayana Temple
| image = File:Lakshminarayana Temple, Hosaholalu 01.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Lakshminarayana Temple at Hosaholalu
| map_type =
| map_caption = Location in Karnataka
| coordinates = {{coord|12|38|32.9|N|76|28|43.1|E|region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| other_names =
| proper_name =

| country = [[India]]
| state = [[Karnataka]]
| district = [[Mandya district|Mandya]]
| locale = Hosaholalu
| elevation_m =
| deity = [[Lakshmi Narayan]]
| festivals=
| architecture = [[Hoysala architecture|Hoysala]]
| temple_quantity = 1
| monument_quantity=
| inscriptions =
| year_completed = 13th Century
| creator = [[Vira Someshwara]]
| website =
}}
[[File:Lakshminarayana Temple (1250 AD) at Hohaholalu in Mandya district.JPG|right|thumb|Lakshminarayana temple (1250 C.E.), a Hoysala architectural showpiece, stands on a [[Jagati (temple)|jagati]] ("platform") at Hosaholalu, [[Mandya District]], [[Karnataka]]]]
[[File:Lakshminarayana Temple, profile showing relief work at Hosaholalu.jpg|right|thumb|''[[Vimana (tower)|Vimana]]'' (cella) with tower and exquisite relief at Lakshminarayana temple in Hosaholalu]]
The '''Lakshminarayana Temple''' is located in Hosaholalu, a small town in the [[Mandya district]] of [[Karnataka]] state, [[India]]. It was built by King [[Vira Someshwara]] of the [[Hoysala Empire]] in 1250 C.E. The dating of the temple is based on the style of the sculptures and architecture that compares closely with the contemporary [[Hoysala architecture|Hoysala monuments]] at [[Lakshminarasimha Temple, Javagal|Javagal]], [[Lakshmi Narasimha Temple, Nuggehalli|Nuggehalli]] and [[Chennakesava Temple, Somanathapura|Somanathapura]]. The town of Hosaholalu is about {{convert|60|km|mi|0}} from [[Hassan, India|Hassan]] and {{convert|45|km|mi|0}} from the heritage city of [[Mysore]], the cultural capital of Karnataka state.<ref name="hosa">Foekema (1996), p71</ref>

==Temple plan==
The temple is a splendid example of a ''trikuta'' [[Vimana (shrine)|vimana]] (three shrined) temple though only the central shrine exhibits a tower (superstructure or ''[[Shikhara]]'') on top.<ref name="kuta">Quote:"Depending on the number of towers, the temples are classified as ekakuta (one shrine and tower), dvikuta (two), trikuta (three), chatushkuta (four) and panchakuta (five). Most Hoysala temples are ekakuta, dvikuta or trikuta", Foekema (1996), p25</ref> The lateral shrines are square in construction with five projections and no special features. The central shrine is well decorated and its tower has a ''sukanasi'' (called "nose") which is actually a lower tower over the [[Vestibule (architecture)|vestibule]] that connects the shrine (cella containing the image of the deity) to the hall (''mantapa''). The ''sukanasi'' looks like an extension of the main tower over the central shrine.<ref name="vest">Foekema (1996), p22</ref> The material used for the temple construction is chloritic schist, more commonly known as [[Soapstone]].<ref name="soap">Kamath (2001), p136</ref> The temple is built on a ''[[Jagati (temple)|jagati]]'' (platform), a Hoysala innovation that elevates the temple by about a metre.<ref name="platform">Quote:"The Jagati serves the purpose of a ''pradakshinapatha'' (circumambulation) as the shrine has no such arrangement", Kamath (2001), p135</ref><ref name="platform1">Quote:"This is a Hosala innovation", {{cite web|title=History of Karnataka-Architecture |url=http://www.ourkarnataka.com/states/history/historyofkarnataka32.htm |author=Arthikaje, Mangalore |publisher=© 1998-00 OurKarnataka.Com,Inc |access-date=2007-06-16 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061104123316/http://www.ourkarnataka.com/states/history/historyofkarnataka32.htm |archive-date=2006-11-04 }}</ref>

According to art critic Gerard Foekema, the temple as a whole exhibits the "new style" and belongs to the 2nd phase of Hoysala building activity (13th century), with two sets of eaves, and six moldings at the base of the outer wall.<ref name="eave">Quote:"A eave is a projecting roof overhanging a wall", Foekema (1996), p93</ref> The first eave is located where the superstructure meets the temple outer wall and the second eave runs around the temple and about a metre below the first eave. In between the two eaves are decorative miniature towers on pilasters (called [[Aedicule]]), with sculptured wall images of Hindu deities and their attendants below the second eave. Being a [[Vaishnava]] temple (a Hindu sect), most of the images represent some form of Hindu god [[Vishnu]], his consort and his attendants. There are a hundred and twenty such images. In all there are twenty four sculptures of Vishnu standing upright holding in his four arms the four attributes, a [[conch]], a [[wheel]], a [[Lotus (plant)|lotus]] and a [[Kaumodaki|mace]] in all possible permutations.<ref name="corner">Foekema (1966), p72</ref> Below the panel of deities is the base of the wall consisting of six decorative rectangular [[Molding (decorative)|molding]]s of equal width which run all around the temple.<ref name="mold">Quote:"Generally, Hoysala temples built in the 13th century have 6 mouldings ("new style") while those built a century earlier have 5 mouldings ("old style")" Foekema (1996), p28</ref>

The six horizontal mouldings are intricately sculptured and are called [[frieze]]s.<ref name="fre">Quote:"A rectangular band of stone decorated with sculpture", Foekema (1996), p93</ref> Seen from top to bottom; the first frieze depicts birds (''hansa''), the second depicts aquatic monsters (''[[Makara (Hindu mythology)|makara]]''), the third frieze has depictions of [[Hindu]] epics and other mythological and [[puranic]] stories narrated in the clockwise direction (direction of devotee circumambulation), the fourth frieze has leafy scrolls, the fifth and sixth friezes have a procession of horses and elephants respectively.<ref name="frie">Foekema (1966), p29</ref> In the frieze that depicts the epics, the [[Ramayana]] starts from the western corner of the southern shrine and the [[Mahabharata]] starts from the northern side of the central shrine vividly illustrating the demise of many heroes of the famous war between [[Pandava]]s and [[Kaurava]]s.<ref name="corner">Foekema (1966), p72</ref>

The interior of the temple consists of a closed hall (''mantapa'') of modest size with four polished lathe turned pillars supporting the roof.<ref name="pil">Quote:"This is a common feature of Western Chalukya-Hoysala temples", Kamath (2001), p117</ref> The four central pillars divide the hall into nine equal "bays" (compartments) and nine decorated ceilings.<ref name="ba">Quote:"A bay is a square or rectangular compartment in the hall", Foekema (1966), p93</ref> The sanctum of the three shrines contain the images of [[Gopala|Venugopala]], [[Narayana]] in the middle and [[Narasimha|Lakshminarasimha]]; all forms ([[Avatar]]) of Vishnu.<ref name="corner"/>

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Sri Lakshminarayana Temple , Hosaholalu - West side view.jpg|Lakshminarayana temple at Hosaholalu
File:Sri Lakshminarayana Temple, Hosaholalu - North View.jpg|Lakshminarayana temple at Hosaholalu, North Side View - detailed and ornate relief work on ''vimana'' exterior
File:Lakshminarayana Temple, view of shrine, at Hosaholalu.jpg|Another view of shrine and relief, Lakshminarayana temple at Hosaholalu
File:Lakshminarayana Temple at Hosaholalu, close up of shrine vimana.jpg|Another view of the Shrine and superstructure over it, Lakshminarayana temple at Hosaholalu
File:Lakshminarayan Temple, Hosaholalu.jpg|Rear view of Lakshminarayana temple at Hosaholalu
File:Shrine (Vimana) at Lakshminarayana Templeat Hosaholalu.jpg|close up of shrine and superstructure (''vimana''), Lakshminarayana temple at Hosaholalu
File:Stellate shrine outer wall with relief in Lakshminarayana temple at Hosaholalu.jpg|Star pointed ''vimana'' (cella), Lakshminarayana temple at Hosaholalu
File:Wall frieze and moulding relief in Lakshminarayana temple at Hosaholalu.jpg|Close up of bas-relief, Lakshminarayana temple at Hosaholalu
File:Ornate relief between eves and frieze of moldings at the base in Lakshminarayana Temple at Hosaholalu.jpg|Wall relief at Lakshminarayana Temple, Hosaholalu
File:Lakshminarayana Temple at Hosaholalu, wall panel relief.JPG|Wall panel relief, Lakshminarayana temple at Hosaholalu
File:Hindu deities in panel relief in Lakshminarayana Temple at Hosaholalu.jpg|Wall relief at Lakshminarayana Temple, Hosaholalu
File:Swirls and Flourishes in frieze Lakshminarayana Temple at Hosaholalu.jpg|Swirls and flourishes on molding frieze at Lakshminarayana Temple, Hosaholalu - a common feature in Hoysala architecture
File:Lakshminayarana Temple , Hosaholalu, South West View.jpg|Lakshminarayana temple at Hosaholalu . North side view
File:Richly Decorated Carving of Sri Krishna - Sri Lakshminarayana Temple,Hosaholalu.jpg|Richly decorated carving of the god Krishna on the exterior wall of the temple
File:Richly Decorated Carving of Goddess Durga - Sri Lakshminarayana Temple,Hosaholalu.jpg|Richly decorated carving of the goddess Durga on exterior wall of shrine
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[Hosaholalu]]

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
{{commons category}}
* Gerard Foekema, A Complete Guide To Hoysala Temples, 1996, Abhinav, {{ISBN|81-7017-345-0}}
* Suryanath U. Kamat, A Concise history of Karnataka from pre-historic times to the present, Jupiter books, MCC, Bangalore, 2001 (Reprinted 2002) OCLC: 7796041
* {{cite web
|author=Sesunathan, I
|title=Sculptural tales from a bygone era
|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/Archives/feb242004/spt7.asp
|publisher=Spectrum
|work=Deccan Herald
|access-date=2007-06-16
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929121855/http://www.deccanherald.com/Archives/feb242004/spt7.asp
|archive-date=2007-09-29
|url-status=dead
}}
* {{cite web|author=Arthikaje |title=The Hoysalas-Religion, Literature, Art and Architecture |url=http://www.ourkarnataka.com/states/history/historyofkarnataka31.htm |publisher=www.ourKarnataka.com |work=History of Karnataka |access-date=2007-06-16 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061104123304/http://www.ourkarnataka.com/states/history/historyofkarnataka31.htm |archive-date=2006-11-04 }}
*{{cite web|author=Kamiya Takeo|title=Architecture of Indian Subcontinent|url=http://www.indoarch.org/place.php?placelink=R%3D5%2BS%3D18%2BP%3D0%2BM%3D0|publisher=Architecture Autonomous|work=Indian Architecture|access-date=2006-11-13}}

{{Hindu temples in Karnataka}}

[[Category:Hindu temples in Mandya district]]
[[Category:Religious buildings and structures completed in 1250]]
[[Category:Devi temples in Karnataka]]
[[Category:13th-century Hindu temples]]

Lakshminarayana Temple, Hosaholalu - Revision history

imported>Bruce1ee: fixed lint errors – file options

>Hugo999: +Category:13th-century Hindu temples; ±Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1250→Category:Religious buildings and structures completed in 1250 using HotCat