Lakshmi Sahgal - Revision history

MarcyThompson89: cleaned up formatting as per guidelines and improved wording for consistency

2026-02-08T09:21:34Z

cleaned up formatting as per guidelines and improved wording for consistency

Bot: robot: Create/update articles. If there is a mistake please report on my talk page.

2022-11-15T02:12:16Z

robot: Create/update articles. If there is a mistake please report on my talk page.

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:42, 15 November 2022
Line 1:		Line 1:
	{{Short description\|Officer in the Indian National Army(INA) and former Presidential candidate of India}}		{{Short description\|Officer in the Indian National Army(INA) and former Presidential candidate of India}}
	{{Use Indian English\|date=September ~~2022~~}}		{{Use Indian English\|date=September 2016}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=October ~~2022~~}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=October 2019}}
	{{Infobox person		{{Infobox person
	\| name = Lakshmi Sahgal		\| name = Lakshmi Sahgal
Line 24:		Line 24:
	==Early life==		==Early life==
	[[File:LakshmiSahgal1945.png\|thumb\|"Capt. Lakshmi" from a 1945 newspaper photograph]]		[[File:LakshmiSahgal1945.png\|thumb\|"Capt. Lakshmi" from a 1945 newspaper photograph]]
	Captain Lakshmi was born to a [[Tamil language\|Tamil]] [[brahmin]] father and [[Malayali]] [[Nair]] ([[Menon (subcaste)\|Menon]]) mother<ref>{{Cite web\|date=2012-07-24\|title="She was a true Communist"\|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/web/she-was-a-true-communist/\|access-date=2022-01-12\|website=The Indian Express\|language=en}}</ref> as Lakshmi Swaminathan in [[Madras]]<ref name=Hindu_fulfilling /> on 24 October 1914 to S. Swaminathan, a lawyer who practiced criminal law at [[Madras High Court]], and A.V. Ammukutty, better known as [[Ammu Swaminathan]], a social worker and independence activist from an aristocratic [[Nair]] family known as "Vadakkath" family of [[Anakkara (Palakkad)\|Anakkara]], [[Ponnani taluk]], [[Malabar District]], [[British Raj\|British India]].<ref name=Hindu_fulfilling>{{cite news\|last=Kolappan\|first=B.\|title=A fulfilling journey that began in Madras\|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/article3675707.ece\|access-date=24 July 2012\|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]\|date=24 July 2012\|location=Chennai, India}}</ref> She is the elder sister of [[Mrinalini Sarabhai]].<ref>{{cite news \|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/mrinalini-sarabhai-ammu-swaminathan-lakshmi-sehgal-5172352/ \|title=The legacy of Mrinalini Sarabhai's family \|date=11 May 2018 \|work=[[The Indian Express]] \|access-date=22 October 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|last1=Menon \|first1=Parvathi \|title=Captain Lakshmi Sahgal (1914 - 2012) - A life of struggle \|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/captain-lakshmi-sahgal-1914-2012-a-life-of-struggle/article3672666.ece \|website=The Hindu \|access-date=23 October 2019 \|date=23 July ~~2022~~}}</ref>		Captain Lakshmi was born to a [[Tamil language\|Tamil]] [[brahmin]] father and [[Malayali]] [[Nair]] ([[Menon (subcaste)\|Menon]]) mother<ref>{{Cite web\|date=2012-07-24\|title="She was a true Communist"\|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/web/she-was-a-true-communist/\|access-date=2022-01-12\|website=The Indian Express\|language=en}}</ref> as Lakshmi Swaminathan in [[Madras]]<ref name=Hindu_fulfilling /> on 24 October 1914 to S. Swaminathan, a lawyer who practiced criminal law at [[Madras High Court]], and A.V. Ammukutty, better known as [[Ammu Swaminathan]], a social worker and independence activist from an aristocratic [[Nair]] family known as "Vadakkath" family of [[Anakkara (Palakkad)\|Anakkara]], [[Ponnani taluk]], [[Malabar District]], [[British Raj\|British India]].<ref name=Hindu_fulfilling>{{cite news\|last=Kolappan\|first=B.\|title=A fulfilling journey that began in Madras\|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/article3675707.ece\|access-date=24 July 2012\|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]\|date=24 July 2012\|location=Chennai, India}}</ref> She is the elder sister of [[Mrinalini Sarabhai]].<ref>{{cite news \|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/mrinalini-sarabhai-ammu-swaminathan-lakshmi-sehgal-5172352/ \|title=The legacy of Mrinalini Sarabhai's family \|date=11 May 2018 \|work=[[The Indian Express]] \|access-date=22 October 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|last1=Menon \|first1=Parvathi \|title=Captain Lakshmi Sahgal (1914 - 2012) - A life of struggle \|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/captain-lakshmi-sahgal-1914-2012-a-life-of-struggle/article3672666.ece \|website=The Hindu \|access-date=23 October 2019 \|date=23 July 2012}}</ref>

	Lakshmi studied in [[Queen Mary's College, Chennai\|Queen Mary's College]]<ref name=Hindu_fulfilling/><ref>{{cite journal \| url=http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl2008/stories/20030425006013300.htm \| title=The end of a women's college? \| author=Asha Krishnakumar \| journal=Frontline \| year=2003 \| volume=20 \| issue=8}}</ref> and later chose to study medicine and received an MBBS degree from [[Madras Medical College]] in 1938. A year later, she received her diploma in [[gynaecology]] and [[obstetrics]].<ref>{{cite news\|title=Capt Lakshmi Sehgal, chief of INA women's regiment, passes away at 97\|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120723/jsp/frontpage/story_15761639.jsp\|access-date=23 July 2012\|newspaper=The Telegraph\|date=23 July 2012\|location=Calcutta, India}}</ref> She worked as a doctor in the Government Kasturba Gandhi Hospital located at [[Triplicane]] Chennai.<ref name=Hindu_fulfilling/>		Lakshmi studied in [[Queen Mary's College, Chennai\|Queen Mary's College]]<ref name=Hindu_fulfilling/><ref>{{cite journal \| url=http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl2008/stories/20030425006013300.htm \| title=The end of a women's college? \| author=Asha Krishnakumar \| journal=Frontline \| year=2003 \| volume=20 \| issue=8}}</ref> and later chose to study medicine and received an MBBS degree from [[Madras Medical College]] in 1938. A year later, she received her diploma in [[gynaecology]] and [[obstetrics]].<ref>{{cite news\|title=Capt Lakshmi Sehgal, chief of INA women's regiment, passes away at 97\|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120723/jsp/frontpage/story_15761639.jsp\|access-date=23 July 2012\|newspaper=The Telegraph\|date=23 July 2012\|location=Calcutta, India}}</ref> She worked as a doctor in the Government Kasturba Gandhi Hospital located at [[Triplicane]] Chennai.<ref name=Hindu_fulfilling/>
Line 38:		Line 38:

	==Later years==		==Later years==
	In 1971, Lakshmi joined the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] and represented the party in the [[Rajya Sabha]]. During the [[Bangladesh liberation war\|Bangladesh crisis]], she organised relief camps and medical aid in Calcutta for refugees who streamed into India from Bangladesh. She was one of the founding members of [[All India Democratic Women's Association]] in 1981 and led many of its activities and campaigns.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://tamilnadu.com/personalities/lakshmi-sehgal.html\|title=Lakshmi Sehgal\|publisher=Tamilnadu.com\|date=24 January 2013\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130411215433/http://tamilnadu.com/personalities/lakshmi-sehgal.html\|archive-date=11 April ~~2022~~}}</ref> She led a medical team to Bhopal after the gas tragedy in December 1984, worked towards restoring peace in Kanpur following the anti-Sikh riots of 1984 and was arrested for her participation in a campaign against the Miss World competition in Bangalore in 1996.<ref name="thehindu" /> She was still seeing patients regularly at her clinic in Kanpur in 2006, at the age of 92.<ref name="thehindu" />		In 1971, Lakshmi joined the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] and represented the party in the [[Rajya Sabha]]. During the [[Bangladesh liberation war\|Bangladesh crisis]], she organised relief camps and medical aid in Calcutta for refugees who streamed into India from Bangladesh. She was one of the founding members of [[All India Democratic Women's Association]] in 1981 and led many of its activities and campaigns.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://tamilnadu.com/personalities/lakshmi-sehgal.html\|title=Lakshmi Sehgal\|publisher=Tamilnadu.com\|date=24 January 2013\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130411215433/http://tamilnadu.com/personalities/lakshmi-sehgal.html\|archive-date=11 April 2013}}</ref> She led a medical team to Bhopal after the gas tragedy in December 1984, worked towards restoring peace in Kanpur following the anti-Sikh riots of 1984 and was arrested for her participation in a campaign against the Miss World competition in Bangalore in 1996.<ref name="thehindu" /> She was still seeing patients regularly at her clinic in Kanpur in 2006, at the age of 92.<ref name="thehindu" />

	In 2002, four leftist parties{{spaced ndash}}the [[Communist Party of India]], the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]], the [[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)\|Revolutionary Socialist Party]], and the [[All India Forward Bloc]]{{spaced ndash}}nominated Sahgal as a candidate in the presidential elections. She was the sole opponent of [[A.P.J. Abdul Kalam]], who emerged victorious.<ref>{{cite news\|title=Freedom fighter Captain Lakshmi Sehgal dead\|url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/node/142996\|access-date=23 July 2012\|newspaper=Deccan Chronicle\|date=23 July 2012\|archive-date=24 September 2015\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924204429/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/node/142996\|url-status=dead}}</ref>		In 2002, four leftist parties{{spaced ndash}}the [[Communist Party of India]], the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]], the [[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)\|Revolutionary Socialist Party]], and the [[All India Forward Bloc]]{{spaced ndash}}nominated Sahgal as a candidate in the presidential elections. She was the sole opponent of [[A.P.J. Abdul Kalam]], who emerged victorious.<ref>{{cite news\|title=Freedom fighter Captain Lakshmi Sehgal dead\|url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/node/142996\|access-date=23 July 2012\|newspaper=Deccan Chronicle\|date=23 July 2012\|archive-date=24 September 2015\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924204429/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/node/142996\|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Line 49:		Line 49:
	==Death==		==Death==
	On 19 July 2012, Sahgal had a cardiac arrest and died on 23 July 2012 at 11:20 A.M. at the age of 97 at Kanpur.<ref>{{cite news\| url= http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Captain-Lakshmi-Sahgal-passes-away/articleshow/15103237.cms \| title=Captain Lakshmi Sahgal passes away		On 19 July 2012, Sahgal had a cardiac arrest and died on 23 July 2012 at 11:20 A.M. at the age of 97 at Kanpur.<ref>{{cite news\| url= http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Captain-Lakshmi-Sahgal-passes-away/articleshow/15103237.cms \| title=Captain Lakshmi Sahgal passes away
	\| date= 23 July 2012 \| work=The Times Of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|author=PTI \|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/exemplary-life-capt-lakshmi-sehgal-met-patients-till-the-end/article3673445.ece \|title=Exemplary life: Capt Lakshmi Sehgal met patients till the end \|work=The Hindu \|date=23 July 2012 \|access-date=31 March ~~2022~~}}</ref> Her body was donated to [[Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi Memorial Medical College]] for medical research.<ref>{{cite news\|author=TAPAS CHAKRABORTY \|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120724/jsp/northeast/story_15763592.jsp \|title=Lakshmi Sehgal no more \|publisher=Telegraphindia.com \|date=24 July 2012 \|access-date=31 March ~~2022~~}}</ref>		\| date= 23 July 2012 \| work=The Times Of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|author=PTI \|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/exemplary-life-capt-lakshmi-sehgal-met-patients-till-the-end/article3673445.ece \|title=Exemplary life: Capt Lakshmi Sehgal met patients till the end \|work=The Hindu \|date=23 July 2012 \|access-date=31 March 2014}}</ref> Her body was donated to [[Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi Memorial Medical College]] for medical research.<ref>{{cite news\|author=TAPAS CHAKRABORTY \|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120724/jsp/northeast/story_15763592.jsp \|title=Lakshmi Sehgal no more \|publisher=Telegraphindia.com \|date=24 July 2012 \|access-date=31 March 2014}}</ref>

	==Awards==		==Awards==

Bot: robot: Create/upgrade articles. If there is a mistake please report on my talk page.

2022-11-15T02:12:16Z

robot: Create/upgrade articles. If there is a mistake please report on my talk page.

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:42, 15 November 2022
Line 1:		Line 1:
	{{Short description\|~~officer~~ in the Indian National Army(INA) and former Presidential candidate of India}}		{{Short description\|Officer in the Indian National Army(INA) and former Presidential candidate of India}}
	{{Use Indian English\|date=September ~~2016~~}}		{{Use Indian English\|date=September 2022}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=October ~~2019~~}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=October 2022}}
	{{Infobox person		{{Infobox person
	\| name = Lakshmi Sahgal		\| name = Lakshmi Sahgal

	\| image = Lakshmi Sahgal.jpg		\| image = Lakshmi Sahgal.jpg
	\| caption = Sahgal at the 18th congress of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] in Delhi, 2005		\| caption = Sahgal at the 18th congress of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] in Delhi, 2005
Line 19:		Line 20:
	}}		}}

	'''Lakshmi Sahgal''' ({{audio\|Laxmi Sahgal.ogg\|pronunciation}}) (born '''Lakshmi Swaminathan'''; 24 October 1914 – 23 July 2012) was a revolutionary of the Indian independence movement, an officer of the [[Indian National Army]], and the Minister of Women's Affairs in the [[Azad Hind Government\|Azad Hind government]]. Lakshmi is commonly referred to in India as '''Captain Lakshmi''', a reference to her rank when taken prisoner in Burma during the Second World War.		'''Lakshmi Sahgal''' ({{audio\|Laxmi Sahgal.ogg\|pronunciation}}) (born '''Lakshmi Swaminathan'''; 24 October 1914 – 23 July 2012) was a revolutionary of the [[Indian independence movement]], an officer of the [[Indian National Army]], and the Minister of Women's Affairs in the [[Azad Hind Government\|Azad Hind government]]. Lakshmi is commonly referred to in India as '''Captain Lakshmi''', a reference to her rank when taken prisoner in Burma during the Second World War.

	==Early life==		==Early life==
	Captain Lakshmi was born in a [[Tamil language\|Tamil]] [[brahmin]] ~~family~~<ref>{{Cite web\|date=2012-07-24\|title="She was a true Communist"\|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/web/she-was-a-true-communist/\|access-date=2022-01-12\|website=The Indian Express\|language=en}}</ref> as Lakshmi Swaminathan in [[Madras]]<ref name=Hindu_fulfilling /> on 24 October 1914 to S. Swaminathan, a lawyer who practiced criminal law at [[Madras High Court]], and A.V. Ammukutty, better known as [[Ammu Swaminathan]], a social worker and independence activist from an aristocratic Nair family known as "Vadakkath" family of [[Anakkara (Palakkad)\|Anakkara]], [[Ponnani taluk]], [[Malabar District]], [[British Raj\|British India]].<ref name=Hindu_fulfilling>{{cite news\|last=Kolappan\|first=B.\|title=A fulfilling journey that began in Madras\|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/article3675707.ece\|access-date=24 July 2012\|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]\|date=24 July 2012\|location=Chennai, India}}</ref> She is the elder sister of [[Mrinalini Sarabhai]].<ref>{{cite news \|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/mrinalini-sarabhai-ammu-swaminathan-lakshmi-sehgal-5172352/ \|title=The legacy of Mrinalini ~~Sarabhai’s~~ family \|date=11 May 2018 \|work=[[The Indian Express]] \|access-date=22 October 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|last1=Menon \|first1=Parvathi \|title=Captain Lakshmi Sahgal (1914 - 2012) - A life of struggle \|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/captain-lakshmi-sahgal-1914-2012-a-life-of-struggle/article3672666.ece \|website=The Hindu \|access-date=23 October 2019 \|date=23 July ~~2012~~}}</ref>		[[File:LakshmiSahgal1945.png\|thumb\|"Capt. Lakshmi" from a 1945 newspaper photograph]]
			Captain Lakshmi was born to a [[Tamil language\|Tamil]] [[brahmin]] father and [[Malayali]] [[Nair]] ([[Menon (subcaste)\|Menon]]) mother<ref>{{Cite web\|date=2012-07-24\|title="She was a true Communist"\|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/web/she-was-a-true-communist/\|access-date=2022-01-12\|website=The Indian Express\|language=en}}</ref> as Lakshmi Swaminathan in [[Madras]]<ref name=Hindu_fulfilling /> on 24 October 1914 to S. Swaminathan, a lawyer who practiced criminal law at [[Madras High Court]], and A.V. Ammukutty, better known as [[Ammu Swaminathan]], a social worker and independence activist from an aristocratic [[Nair]] family known as "Vadakkath" family of [[Anakkara (Palakkad)\|Anakkara]], [[Ponnani taluk]], [[Malabar District]], [[British Raj\|British India]].<ref name=Hindu_fulfilling>{{cite news\|last=Kolappan\|first=B.\|title=A fulfilling journey that began in Madras\|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/article3675707.ece\|access-date=24 July 2012\|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]\|date=24 July 2012\|location=Chennai, India}}</ref> She is the elder sister of [[Mrinalini Sarabhai]].<ref>{{cite news \|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/mrinalini-sarabhai-ammu-swaminathan-lakshmi-sehgal-5172352/ \|title=The legacy of Mrinalini Sarabhai's family \|date=11 May 2018 \|work=[[The Indian Express]] \|access-date=22 October 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|last1=Menon \|first1=Parvathi \|title=Captain Lakshmi Sahgal (1914 - 2012) - A life of struggle \|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/captain-lakshmi-sahgal-1914-2012-a-life-of-struggle/article3672666.ece \|website=The Hindu \|access-date=23 October 2019 \|date=23 July 2022}}</ref>

	Lakshmi studied in [[Queen Mary's College, Chennai\|Queen Mary's College]]<ref name=Hindu_fulfilling/><ref>{{cite journal \| url=http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl2008/stories/20030425006013300.htm \| title=The end of a women's college? \| author=Asha Krishnakumar \| journal=Frontline \| year=2003 \| volume=20 \| issue=08}}</ref> and later chose to study medicine and received an MBBS degree from [[Madras Medical College]] in 1938. A year later, she received her diploma in [[gynaecology]] and [[obstetrics]].<ref>{{cite news\|title=Capt Lakshmi Sehgal, chief of INA ~~women’s~~ regiment, passes away at 97\|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120723/jsp/frontpage/story_15761639.jsp~~#.UA0yM2HKnMA~~\|access-date=23 July 2012\|newspaper=The Telegraph\|date=23 July 2012\|location=Calcutta, India}}</ref> She worked as a doctor in the Government Kasturba Gandhi Hospital located at [[Triplicane]] Chennai.<ref name=Hindu_fulfilling/>		Lakshmi studied in [[Queen Mary's College, Chennai\|Queen Mary's College]]<ref name=Hindu_fulfilling/><ref>{{cite journal \| url=http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl2008/stories/20030425006013300.htm \| title=The end of a women's college? \| author=Asha Krishnakumar \| journal=Frontline \| year=2003 \| volume=20 \| issue=8}}</ref> and later chose to study medicine and received an MBBS degree from [[Madras Medical College]] in 1938. A year later, she received her diploma in [[gynaecology]] and [[obstetrics]].<ref>{{cite news\|title=Capt Lakshmi Sehgal, chief of INA women's regiment, passes away at 97\|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120723/jsp/frontpage/story_15761639.jsp\|access-date=23 July 2012\|newspaper=The Telegraph\|date=23 July 2012\|location=Calcutta, India}}</ref> She worked as a doctor in the Government Kasturba Gandhi Hospital located at [[Triplicane]] Chennai.<ref name=Hindu_fulfilling/>

	In 1940, she left for [[Singapore]] after the failure of her marriage to pilot P.K.N. Rao.<ref name=Hindu_fulfilling/> During her stay at Singapore, she met some members of [[Subhas Chandra Bose]]'s [[Indian National Army]].<ref name=Hindu_fulfilling/>		In 1940, she left for [[Singapore]] after the failure of her marriage to pilot P.K.N. Rao.<ref name=Hindu_fulfilling/> During her stay at Singapore, she met some members of [[Subhas Chandra Bose]]'s [[Indian National Army]].<ref name=Hindu_fulfilling/>
Line 33:		Line 35:
	It was against this backdrop that Subhas Chandra Bose arrived in Singapore on 2 July 1943. Lakshmi had heard that Bose was keen to draft women into the organisation and requested a meeting with him from which she emerged with a mandate to set up a women's regiment, to be called the [[Rani of Jhansi regiment]]. Women responded enthusiastically to join the all-women brigade and Dr. Lakshmi Swaminathan became Captain Lakshmi, a name and identity that would stay with her for life.<ref name="thehindu" />		It was against this backdrop that Subhas Chandra Bose arrived in Singapore on 2 July 1943. Lakshmi had heard that Bose was keen to draft women into the organisation and requested a meeting with him from which she emerged with a mandate to set up a women's regiment, to be called the [[Rani of Jhansi regiment]]. Women responded enthusiastically to join the all-women brigade and Dr. Lakshmi Swaminathan became Captain Lakshmi, a name and identity that would stay with her for life.<ref name="thehindu" />

	The INA marched to Burma with the [[Imperial Japanese Army\|Japanese army]] in December 1944, but by March 1945, with the tide of war turning against them, the INA leadership decided to beat a retreat before they could enter [[Imphal]]. Captain Lakshmi was arrested by the British ~~army~~ in May 1945, remaining in [[Burma]] until March 1946, when she was sent to India – at a time when the [[INA trials]] in Delhi heightened popular discontent with and hastened the end of colonial rule.<ref name="thehindu" />		The INA marched to Burma with the [[Imperial Japanese Army\|Japanese army]] in December 1944, but by March 1945, with the tide of war turning against them, the INA leadership decided to beat a retreat before they could enter [[Imphal]]. Captain Lakshmi was arrested by the British in May 1945, remaining in [[Myanmar\|Burma]] until March 1946, when she was sent to India – at a time when the [[INA trials]] in Delhi heightened popular discontent with and hastened the end of colonial rule.<ref name="thehindu" />

	==Later years==		==Later years==
	In 1971, Lakshmi joined the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] and represented the party in the [[Rajya Sabha]]. During the [[Bangladesh liberation war\|Bangladesh crisis]], she organised relief camps and medical aid in Calcutta for refugees who streamed into India from Bangladesh. She was one of the founding members of [[All India Democratic Women's Association]] in 1981 and led many of its activities and campaigns.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://tamilnadu.com/personalities/lakshmi-sehgal.html\|title=Lakshmi Sehgal\|publisher=Tamilnadu.com\|date=24 January 2013\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130411215433/http://tamilnadu.com/personalities/lakshmi-sehgal.html\|archive-date=11 April ~~2013~~}}</ref> She led a medical team to Bhopal after the gas tragedy in December 1984, worked towards restoring peace in Kanpur following the anti-Sikh riots of 1984 and was arrested for her participation in a campaign against the Miss World competition in Bangalore in 1996.<ref name="thehindu" /> She was still seeing patients regularly at her clinic in Kanpur in 2006, at the age of 92.<ref name="thehindu" />		In 1971, Lakshmi joined the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] and represented the party in the [[Rajya Sabha]]. During the [[Bangladesh liberation war\|Bangladesh crisis]], she organised relief camps and medical aid in Calcutta for refugees who streamed into India from Bangladesh. She was one of the founding members of [[All India Democratic Women's Association]] in 1981 and led many of its activities and campaigns.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://tamilnadu.com/personalities/lakshmi-sehgal.html\|title=Lakshmi Sehgal\|publisher=Tamilnadu.com\|date=24 January 2013\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130411215433/http://tamilnadu.com/personalities/lakshmi-sehgal.html\|archive-date=11 April 2022}}</ref> She led a medical team to Bhopal after the gas tragedy in December 1984, worked towards restoring peace in Kanpur following the anti-Sikh riots of 1984 and was arrested for her participation in a campaign against the Miss World competition in Bangalore in 1996.<ref name="thehindu" /> She was still seeing patients regularly at her clinic in Kanpur in 2006, at the age of 92.<ref name="thehindu" />

	In 2002, four leftist parties{{spaced ndash}}the [[Communist Party of India]], the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]], the [[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)\|Revolutionary Socialist Party]], and the [[All India Forward Bloc]]{{spaced ndash}}nominated Sahgal as a candidate in the presidential elections. She was the sole opponent of [[A.P.J. Abdul Kalam]], who emerged victorious.<ref>{{cite news\|title=Freedom fighter Captain Lakshmi Sehgal dead\|url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/node/142996\|access-date=23 July 2012\|newspaper=Deccan Chronicle\|date=23 July 2012}}</ref>		In 2002, four leftist parties{{spaced ndash}}the [[Communist Party of India]], the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]], the [[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)\|Revolutionary Socialist Party]], and the [[All India Forward Bloc]]{{spaced ndash}}nominated Sahgal as a candidate in the presidential elections. She was the sole opponent of [[A.P.J. Abdul Kalam]], who emerged victorious.<ref>{{cite news\|title=Freedom fighter Captain Lakshmi Sehgal dead\|url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/node/142996\|access-date=23 July 2012\|newspaper=Deccan Chronicle\|date=23 July 2012\|archive-date=24 September 2015\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924204429/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/node/142996\|url-status=dead}}</ref>

	==Personal life==		==Personal life==
	Lakshmi married [[Prem Sehgal\|Prem Kumar Sahgal]] in March 1947 in [[Lahore]]. After their marriage, they settled in [[Kanpur]], where she continued with her medical practice and aided the refugees who were arriving in large numbers following the [[Partition of India]]. They had two daughters: [[Subhashini Ali]] and Anisa Puri.		Lakshmi married [[Prem Sehgal\|Prem Kumar Sahgal]] in March 1947 in [[Lahore]]. After their marriage, they settled in [[Kanpur]], where she continued with her medical practice and aided the refugees who were arriving in large numbers following the [[Partition of India]]. They had two daughters: [[Subhashini Ali]] and Anisa Puri.

	Subhashini is a prominent ~~Communist~~ politician and labour activist. According to Ali, Lakshmi was an [[atheist]]. The filmmaker [[Shaad Ali]] is her grandson.<ref>{{cite news\|title=Freedom fighter Captain Lakshmi Sehgal passes away\|url=http://www.indiatimes.com/national/freedom-fighter-captain-lakshmi-sehgal-passes-away-33204.html \| work=The Times Of India}}</ref>		Subhashini is a prominent communist politician and labour activist. According to Ali, Lakshmi was an [[atheist]]. The filmmaker [[Shaad Ali]] is her grandson.<ref>{{cite news\|title=Freedom fighter Captain Lakshmi Sehgal passes away\|url=http://www.indiatimes.com/national/freedom-fighter-captain-lakshmi-sehgal-passes-away-33204.html \| work=The Times Of India}}</ref>

	==Death==		==Death==
	On 19 July 2012, Sahgal ~~suffered~~ a cardiac arrest and died on 23 July 2012 at 11:20 A.M. at the age of 97 at Kanpur.<ref>{{cite news\| url= http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Captain-Lakshmi-Sahgal-passes-away/articleshow/15103237.cms \| title=Captain Lakshmi Sahgal passes away		On 19 July 2012, Sahgal had a cardiac arrest and died on 23 July 2012 at 11:20 A.M. at the age of 97 at Kanpur.<ref>{{cite news\| url= http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Captain-Lakshmi-Sahgal-passes-away/articleshow/15103237.cms \| title=Captain Lakshmi Sahgal passes away
	\| date= 23 July 2012 \| work=The Times Of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|author=PTI \|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/exemplary-life-capt-lakshmi-sehgal-met-patients-till-the-end/article3673445.ece \|title=Exemplary life: Capt Lakshmi Sehgal met patients till the end \|~~publisher~~=The Hindu \|date=23 July 2012 \|access-date=31 March ~~2014~~}}</ref> Her body was donated to [[Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi Memorial Medical College]] for medical research.<ref>{{cite news\|author=TAPAS CHAKRABORTY \|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120724/jsp/northeast/story_15763592.jsp~~#.UA4bF80bsQ0~~ \|title=Lakshmi Sehgal no more \|publisher=Telegraphindia.com \|date=24 July 2012 \|access-date=31 March ~~2014~~}}</ref>		\| date= 23 July 2012 \| work=The Times Of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|author=PTI \|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/exemplary-life-capt-lakshmi-sehgal-met-patients-till-the-end/article3673445.ece \|title=Exemplary life: Capt Lakshmi Sehgal met patients till the end \|work=The Hindu \|date=23 July 2012 \|access-date=31 March 2022}}</ref> Her body was donated to [[Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi Memorial Medical College]] for medical research.<ref>{{cite news\|author=TAPAS CHAKRABORTY \|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120724/jsp/northeast/story_15763592.jsp \|title=Lakshmi Sehgal no more \|publisher=Telegraphindia.com \|date=24 July 2012 \|access-date=31 March 2022}}</ref>

	==Awards==		==Awards==
	In 1998, Sahgal was awarded the [Padma Vibhushan] by Indian president [[K. R. Narayanan]].<ref>{{cite news \|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/lakshmi-sahgal-19142012/article3657355.ece#im-image-0 \|title=Lakshmi Sahgal (1914-2012) \|date=23 July 2012 \|work=The Hindu }}</ref> In 2010, she was bestowed with [[honorary doctorate]] by [[University of Calicut]].<ref>{{Cite web \|date=2010-12-02 \|title=Mammootty Conferred D.Litt by Calicut University \|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newswire/story/mammootty-conferred-dlitt-by-calicut-university/703504 \|access-date=2020-11-05 \|website=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)\|Outlook India]]}}</ref>		In 1998, Sahgal was awarded the [[Padma Vibhushan]] by Indian president [[K. R. Narayanan]].<ref>{{cite news \|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/lakshmi-sahgal-19142012/article3657355.ece#im-image-0 \|title=Lakshmi Sahgal (1914-2012) \|date=23 July 2012 \|work=The Hindu }}</ref> In 2010, she was bestowed with [[honorary doctorate]] by [[University of Calicut]].<ref>{{Cite web \|date=2010-12-02 \|title=Mammootty Conferred D.Litt by Calicut University \|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newswire/story/mammootty-conferred-dlitt-by-calicut-university/703504 \|access-date=2020-11-05 \|website=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)\|Outlook India]]}}</ref>

	==See also==		==See also==
Line 70:		Line 72:
	* [http://www.frontlineonnet.com/fl2511/stories/20080606251101100.htm The Pioneers: The Pioneers: Dr. Lakshmi Sehgal]		* [http://www.frontlineonnet.com/fl2511/stories/20080606251101100.htm The Pioneers: The Pioneers: Dr. Lakshmi Sehgal]
	* [http://www.indianexpress.com/news/despite-differences-india-is-one-captain-laxmi-sehgal/389553/0 Indian Express Interview: Despite differences, India is one: Captain Laxmi Sehgal]		* [http://www.indianexpress.com/news/despite-differences-india-is-one-captain-laxmi-sehgal/389553/0 Indian Express Interview: Despite differences, India is one: Captain Laxmi Sehgal]
	* [http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/freedom-fighter-captain-lakshmi-sahgal-dies-246468 Freedom fighter Captain Lakshmi Sahgal dies], NDTV		* [http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/freedom-fighter-captain-lakshmi-sahgal-dies-246468 Freedom fighter Captain Lakshmi Sahgal dies] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226035528/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/freedom-fighter-captain-lakshmi-sahgal-dies-493851 \|date=26 December 2018 }}, NDTV
	* [http://www.economist.com/node/21559891 Captain Lakshmi], ''The Economist'', 4 August 2012		* [http://www.economist.com/node/21559891 Captain Lakshmi], ''The Economist'', 4 August 2012
	{{Azad Hind Fauj}}		{{Azad Hind Fauj}}

>Oculi: /* Early life */ rm from :Category:CS1 errors: invisible characters

2022-01-12T20:00:18Z

Early life: rm from Category:CS1 errors: invisible characters

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:30, 13 January 2022
Line 5:		Line 5:
	\| name = Lakshmi Sahgal		\| name = Lakshmi Sahgal
	\| image = Lakshmi Sahgal.jpg		\| image = Lakshmi Sahgal.jpg
	\| caption = ~~Captain Lakshmi~~		\| caption = Sahgal at the 18th congress of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] in Delhi, 2005
	\| birth_name = Lakshmi Swaminathan		\| birth_name = Lakshmi Swaminathan
	\| birth_date = {{~~birth~~ date\|df=yes\|1914\|10\|24}}		\| birth_date = {{Birth date\|df=yes\|1914\|10\|24}}
	\| birth_place = [[Anakkara (Palakkad)\|Anakkara]], [[Madras Presidency]], [[British Raj\|British India]]		\| birth_place = [[Anakkara (Palakkad)\|Anakkara]], [[Madras Presidency]], [[British Raj\|British India]]<br/>(present-day [[Palakkad district\|Palakkad]], [[Kerala]], India)
	\| death_date = {{~~death~~ date and age\|df=yes\|2012\|7\|23\|1914\|10\|24}}		\| death_date = {{Death date and age\|df=yes\|2012\|07\|23\|1914\|10\|24}}
	\| death_place = [[Kanpur]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]		\| death_place = [[Kanpur]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], India
	\| other_names =		\| other_names =
	\| spouse = P. K. N. Rao ~~( -~~ 1940~~)<br />~~[[Prem Sehgal\|Prem Kumar Sahgal]] ~~(1947–1992) ({{small~~\|~~his death~~}})		\| spouse = {{Unbulleted_list\|{{Marriage\|P. K. N. Rao\|\|1940}}\|{{Marriage\|[[Prem Sehgal\|Prem Kumar Sahgal]]\|1947\|1992\|end=died}}}}
	\| nationality = [[~~India~~]]n		\| nationality = [[Indian people\|Indian]]
	\| children = [[Subhashini Ali]]~~, Anisa Puri~~		\| children = 2 (incl. [[Subhashini Ali]])
	\| alma_mater = [[Queen Mary's College, Chennai~~\|Queen Mary's College~~]], [[Madras Medical College]]		\| alma_mater = {{Unbulleted_list\|[[Queen Mary's College, Chennai]]\|[[Madras Medical College]]}}
	\| known_for = [[Revolutionist]], [[~~freedom~~ fighter\|~~independence~~ activist]], [[Marxist]]		\| known_for = {{Bulleted_list\|[[Revolutionist]]\|[[Freedom fighter\|Independence activist]]\|[[Marxist]]}}
	}}		}}

Line 22:		Line 22:

	==Early life==		==Early life==
	Captain Lakshmi was born as Lakshmi Swaminathan in [[Madras]]<ref name=Hindu_fulfilling /> on 24 October 1914 to S. Swaminathan, a lawyer who practiced criminal law at [[Madras High Court]], and A.V. Ammukutty, better known as [[Ammu Swaminathan]], a social worker and independence activist from an aristocratic Nair family known as "Vadakkath" family of [[Anakkara (Palakkad)\|Anakkara]], [[Ponnani taluk]], [[Malabar District]], [[British Raj\|British India]].<ref name=Hindu_fulfilling>{{cite news\|last=Kolappan\|first=B.\|title=A fulfilling journey that began in Madras\|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/article3675707.ece\|access-date=24 July 2012\|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]\|date=24 July 2012\|location=Chennai, India}}</ref> She is the elder sister of [[Mrinalini Sarabhai]].<ref>{{cite news \|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/mrinalini-sarabhai-ammu-swaminathan-lakshmi-sehgal-5172352/ \|title=The legacy of Mrinalini Sarabhai’s family \|date=11 May 2018 \|work=[[The Indian Express]] \|access-date=22 October 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|last1=Menon \|first1=Parvathi \|title=Captain Lakshmi Sahgal (1914 - 2012) - A life of struggle \|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/captain-lakshmi-sahgal-1914-2012-a-life-of-struggle/article3672666.ece \|website=The Hindu \|access-date=23 October 2019 \|date=23 July 2012}}</ref>		Captain Lakshmi was born in a [[Tamil language\|Tamil]] [[brahmin]] family<ref>{{Cite web\|date=2012-07-24\|title="She was a true Communist"\|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/web/she-was-a-true-communist/\|access-date=2022-01-12\|website=The Indian Express\|language=en}}</ref> as Lakshmi Swaminathan in [[Madras]]<ref name=Hindu_fulfilling /> on 24 October 1914 to S. Swaminathan, a lawyer who practiced criminal law at [[Madras High Court]], and A.V. Ammukutty, better known as [[Ammu Swaminathan]], a social worker and independence activist from an aristocratic Nair family known as "Vadakkath" family of [[Anakkara (Palakkad)\|Anakkara]], [[Ponnani taluk]], [[Malabar District]], [[British Raj\|British India]].<ref name=Hindu_fulfilling>{{cite news\|last=Kolappan\|first=B.\|title=A fulfilling journey that began in Madras\|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/article3675707.ece\|access-date=24 July 2012\|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]\|date=24 July 2012\|location=Chennai, India}}</ref> She is the elder sister of [[Mrinalini Sarabhai]].<ref>{{cite news \|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/mrinalini-sarabhai-ammu-swaminathan-lakshmi-sehgal-5172352/ \|title=The legacy of Mrinalini Sarabhai’s family \|date=11 May 2018 \|work=[[The Indian Express]] \|access-date=22 October 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|last1=Menon \|first1=Parvathi \|title=Captain Lakshmi Sahgal (1914 - 2012) - A life of struggle \|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/captain-lakshmi-sahgal-1914-2012-a-life-of-struggle/article3672666.ece \|website=The Hindu \|access-date=23 October 2019 \|date=23 July 2012}}</ref>

	Lakshmi studied in [[Queen Mary's College, Chennai\|Queen Mary's College]]<ref name=Hindu_fulfilling/><ref>{{cite journal \| url=http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl2008/stories/20030425006013300.htm \| title=The end of a women's college? \| author=Asha Krishnakumar \| journal=Frontline \| year=2003 \| volume=20 \| issue=08}}</ref> and later chose to study medicine and received an MBBS degree from [[Madras Medical College]] in 1938. A year later, she received her diploma in [[gynaecology]] and [[obstetrics]].<ref>{{cite news\|title=Capt Lakshmi Sehgal, chief of INA women’s regiment, passes away at 97\|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120723/jsp/frontpage/story_15761639.jsp#.UA0yM2HKnMA\|access-date=23 July 2012\|newspaper=The Telegraph\|date=23 July 2012\|location=Calcutta, India}}</ref> She worked as a doctor in the Government Kasturba Gandhi Hospital located at [[Triplicane]] Chennai.<ref name=Hindu_fulfilling/>		Lakshmi studied in [[Queen Mary's College, Chennai\|Queen Mary's College]]<ref name=Hindu_fulfilling/><ref>{{cite journal \| url=http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl2008/stories/20030425006013300.htm \| title=The end of a women's college? \| author=Asha Krishnakumar \| journal=Frontline \| year=2003 \| volume=20 \| issue=08}}</ref> and later chose to study medicine and received an MBBS degree from [[Madras Medical College]] in 1938. A year later, she received her diploma in [[gynaecology]] and [[obstetrics]].<ref>{{cite news\|title=Capt Lakshmi Sehgal, chief of INA women’s regiment, passes away at 97\|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120723/jsp/frontpage/story_15761639.jsp#.UA0yM2HKnMA\|access-date=23 July 2012\|newspaper=The Telegraph\|date=23 July 2012\|location=Calcutta, India}}</ref> She worked as a doctor in the Government Kasturba Gandhi Hospital located at [[Triplicane]] Chennai.<ref name=Hindu_fulfilling/>
Line 31:		Line 31:
	In 1942, during the [[Fall of Singapore\|surrender of Singapore]] by the British to the Japanese, Lakshmi aided wounded [[prisoners of war]], many of whom were interested in forming an Indian independence army. Singapore at this time had several nationalist Indians working there including [[K. P. Kesava Menon]], S. C. Guha and N. Raghavan, who formed a Council of Action. Their [[Indian National Army]], or ''Azad Hind Fauj'', however, received no firm commitments or approval from the occupying Japanese forces regarding their participation in the war.<ref name="thehindu">{{cite news\|last=Menon\|first=Parvathi\|title=Captain Lakshmi Sahgal (1914 - 2012) - A life of struggle\|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article3672666.ece?homepage=true\|access-date=23 July 2012\|newspaper=The Hindu\|date=23 July 2012\|location=Chennai, India}}</ref>		In 1942, during the [[Fall of Singapore\|surrender of Singapore]] by the British to the Japanese, Lakshmi aided wounded [[prisoners of war]], many of whom were interested in forming an Indian independence army. Singapore at this time had several nationalist Indians working there including [[K. P. Kesava Menon]], S. C. Guha and N. Raghavan, who formed a Council of Action. Their [[Indian National Army]], or ''Azad Hind Fauj'', however, received no firm commitments or approval from the occupying Japanese forces regarding their participation in the war.<ref name="thehindu">{{cite news\|last=Menon\|first=Parvathi\|title=Captain Lakshmi Sahgal (1914 - 2012) - A life of struggle\|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article3672666.ece?homepage=true\|access-date=23 July 2012\|newspaper=The Hindu\|date=23 July 2012\|location=Chennai, India}}</ref>

	It was against this backdrop that Subhas Chandra Bose arrived in Singapore on 2 July 1943. Lakshmi had heard that Bose was keen to draft women into the organisation and requested a meeting with him from which she emerged with a mandate to set up a ~~women’s~~ regiment, to be called the [[Rani of Jhansi regiment]]. Women responded enthusiastically to join the all-women brigade and Dr. Lakshmi Swaminathan became Captain Lakshmi, a name and identity that would stay with her for life.<ref name="thehindu" />		It was against this backdrop that Subhas Chandra Bose arrived in Singapore on 2 July 1943. Lakshmi had heard that Bose was keen to draft women into the organisation and requested a meeting with him from which she emerged with a mandate to set up a women's regiment, to be called the [[Rani of Jhansi regiment]]. Women responded enthusiastically to join the all-women brigade and Dr. Lakshmi Swaminathan became Captain Lakshmi, a name and identity that would stay with her for life.<ref name="thehindu" />

	The INA marched to Burma with the [[Imperial Japanese Army\|Japanese army]] in December 1944, but by March 1945, with the tide of war turning against them, the INA leadership decided to beat a retreat before they could enter [[Imphal]]. Captain Lakshmi was arrested by the British army in May 1945, remaining in [[Burma]] until March 1946, when she was sent to India – at a time when the [[INA trials]] in Delhi heightened popular discontent with and hastened the end of colonial rule.<ref name="thehindu" />		The INA marched to Burma with the [[Imperial Japanese Army\|Japanese army]] in December 1944, but by March 1945, with the tide of war turning against them, the INA leadership decided to beat a retreat before they could enter [[Imphal]]. Captain Lakshmi was arrested by the British army in May 1945, remaining in [[Burma]] until March 1946, when she was sent to India – at a time when the [[INA trials]] in Delhi heightened popular discontent with and hastened the end of colonial rule.<ref name="thehindu" />

	==Later years==		==Later years==
	In 1971, Lakshmi joined the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] and represented the party in the [[Rajya Sabha]]. During the [[Bangladesh liberation war\|Bangladesh crisis]], she organised relief camps and medical aid in Calcutta for refugees who streamed into India from Bangladesh. She was one of the founding members of [[All India Democratic Women's Association]] in 1981 and led many of its activities and campaigns.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://tamilnadu.com/personalities/lakshmi-sehgal.html\|title=Lakshmi Sehgal\|publisher=Tamilnadu.com\|date=24 January 2013\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://archive.is/20130411215433/http://tamilnadu.com/personalities/lakshmi-sehgal.html\|archive-date=11 April 2013}}</ref> She led a medical team to Bhopal after the gas tragedy in December 1984, worked towards restoring peace in Kanpur following the anti-Sikh riots of 1984 and was arrested for her participation in a campaign against the Miss World competition in Bangalore in 1996.<ref name="thehindu" /> She was still seeing patients regularly at her clinic in Kanpur in 2006, at the age of 92.<ref name="thehindu" />		In 1971, Lakshmi joined the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] and represented the party in the [[Rajya Sabha]]. During the [[Bangladesh liberation war\|Bangladesh crisis]], she organised relief camps and medical aid in Calcutta for refugees who streamed into India from Bangladesh. She was one of the founding members of [[All India Democratic Women's Association]] in 1981 and led many of its activities and campaigns.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://tamilnadu.com/personalities/lakshmi-sehgal.html\|title=Lakshmi Sehgal\|publisher=Tamilnadu.com\|date=24 January 2013\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130411215433/http://tamilnadu.com/personalities/lakshmi-sehgal.html\|archive-date=11 April 2013}}</ref> She led a medical team to Bhopal after the gas tragedy in December 1984, worked towards restoring peace in Kanpur following the anti-Sikh riots of 1984 and was arrested for her participation in a campaign against the Miss World competition in Bangalore in 1996.<ref name="thehindu" /> She was still seeing patients regularly at her clinic in Kanpur in 2006, at the age of 92.<ref name="thehindu" />

	In 2002, four leftist parties{{spaced ndash}}the [[Communist Party of India]], the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]], the [[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)\|Revolutionary Socialist Party]], and the [[All India Forward Bloc]]{{spaced ndash}}nominated Sahgal as a candidate in the presidential elections. She was the sole opponent of [[A.P.J. Abdul Kalam]], who emerged victorious.<ref>{{cite news\|title=Freedom fighter Captain Lakshmi Sehgal dead\|url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/node/142996\|access-date=23 July 2012\|newspaper=Deccan Chronicle\|date=23 July 2012}}</ref>		In 2002, four leftist parties{{spaced ndash}}the [[Communist Party of India]], the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]], the [[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)\|Revolutionary Socialist Party]], and the [[All India Forward Bloc]]{{spaced ndash}}nominated Sahgal as a candidate in the presidential elections. She was the sole opponent of [[A.P.J. Abdul Kalam]], who emerged victorious.<ref>{{cite news\|title=Freedom fighter Captain Lakshmi Sehgal dead\|url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/node/142996\|access-date=23 July 2012\|newspaper=Deccan Chronicle\|date=23 July 2012}}</ref>
Line 50:		Line 50:

	==Awards==		==Awards==
	In 1998, Sahgal was awarded the [[Padma Vibhushan]] by Indian president [[K. R. Narayanan]].<ref>{{cite news \|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/lakshmi-sahgal-19142012/article3657355.ece#im-image-0 \|title=Lakshmi Sahgal (1914-2012) \|date=23 July 2012 \|work=The Hindu }}</ref> In 2010, she was bestowed with [[honorary doctorate]] by [[University of Calicut]].<ref>{{Cite web \|date=2010-12-02 \|title=Mammootty Conferred D.Litt by Calicut University \|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newswire/story/mammootty-conferred-dlitt-by-calicut-university/703504 \|access-date=2020-11-05 \|website=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)\|Outlook India]]}}</ref>		In 1998, Sahgal was awarded the [Padma Vibhushan] by Indian president [[K. R. Narayanan]].<ref>{{cite news \|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/lakshmi-sahgal-19142012/article3657355.ece#im-image-0 \|title=Lakshmi Sahgal (1914-2012) \|date=23 July 2012 \|work=The Hindu }}</ref> In 2010, she was bestowed with [[honorary doctorate]] by [[University of Calicut]].<ref>{{Cite web \|date=2010-12-02 \|title=Mammootty Conferred D.Litt by Calicut University \|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newswire/story/mammootty-conferred-dlitt-by-calicut-university/703504 \|access-date=2020-11-05 \|website=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)\|Outlook India]]}}</ref>

	==See also==		==See also==

2405:201:6007:4A42:74DE:5A6A:E27A:5520 at 14:50, 28 August 2021

2021-08-28T14:50:58Z

New page

{{Short description|officer in the Indian National Army(INA) and former Presidential candidate of India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Lakshmi Sahgal
| image = Lakshmi Sahgal.jpg
| caption = Captain Lakshmi
| birth_name = Lakshmi Swaminathan
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1914|10|24}}
| birth_place = [[Anakkara (Palakkad)|Anakkara]], [[Madras Presidency]], [[British Raj|British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2012|7|23|1914|10|24}}
| death_place = [[Kanpur]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]
| other_names =
| spouse = P. K. N. Rao ( - 1940)<br />[[Prem Sehgal|Prem Kumar Sahgal]] (1947–1992) ({{small|his death}})
| nationality = [[India]]n
| children = [[Subhashini Ali]], Anisa Puri
| alma_mater = [[Queen Mary's College, Chennai|Queen Mary's College]], [[Madras Medical College]]
| known_for = [[Revolutionist]], [[freedom fighter|independence activist]], [[Marxist]]
}}

'''Lakshmi Sahgal''' ({{audio|Laxmi Sahgal.ogg|pronunciation}}) (born '''Lakshmi Swaminathan'''; 24 October 1914 – 23 July 2012) was a revolutionary of the Indian independence movement, an officer of the [[Indian National Army]], and the Minister of Women's Affairs in the [[Azad Hind Government|Azad Hind government]]. Lakshmi is commonly referred to in India as '''Captain Lakshmi''', a reference to her rank when taken prisoner in Burma during the Second World War.

==Early life==
Captain Lakshmi was born as Lakshmi Swaminathan in [[Madras]]<ref name=Hindu_fulfilling /> on 24 October 1914 to S. Swaminathan, a lawyer who practiced criminal law at [[Madras High Court]], and A.V. Ammukutty, better known as [[Ammu Swaminathan]], a social worker and independence activist from an aristocratic Nair family known as "Vadakkath" family of [[Anakkara (Palakkad)|Anakkara]], [[Ponnani taluk]], [[Malabar District]], [[British Raj|British India]].<ref name=Hindu_fulfilling>{{cite news|last=Kolappan|first=B.|title=A fulfilling journey that began in Madras|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/article3675707.ece|access-date=24 July 2012|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=24 July 2012|location=Chennai, India}}</ref> She is the elder sister of [[Mrinalini Sarabhai]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/mrinalini-sarabhai-ammu-swaminathan-lakshmi-sehgal-5172352/ |title=The legacy of Mrinalini Sarabhai’s family |date=11 May 2018 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |access-date=22 October 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Menon |first1=Parvathi |title=Captain Lakshmi Sahgal (1914 - 2012) - A life of struggle |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/captain-lakshmi-sahgal-1914-2012-a-life-of-struggle/article3672666.ece |website=The Hindu |access-date=23 October 2019 |date=23 July 2012}}</ref>

Lakshmi studied in [[Queen Mary's College, Chennai|Queen Mary's College]]<ref name=Hindu_fulfilling/><ref>{{cite journal | url=http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl2008/stories/20030425006013300.htm | title=The end of a women's college? | author=Asha Krishnakumar | journal=Frontline | year=2003 | volume=20 | issue=08}}</ref> and later chose to study medicine and received an MBBS degree from [[Madras Medical College]] in 1938. A year later, she received her diploma in [[gynaecology]] and [[obstetrics]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Capt Lakshmi Sehgal, chief of INA women’s regiment, passes away at 97|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120723/jsp/frontpage/story_15761639.jsp#.UA0yM2HKnMA|access-date=23 July 2012|newspaper=The Telegraph|date=23 July 2012|location=Calcutta, India}}</ref> She worked as a doctor in the Government Kasturba Gandhi Hospital located at [[Triplicane]] Chennai.<ref name=Hindu_fulfilling/>

In 1940, she left for [[Singapore]] after the failure of her marriage to pilot P.K.N. Rao.<ref name=Hindu_fulfilling/> During her stay at Singapore, she met some members of [[Subhas Chandra Bose]]'s [[Indian National Army]].<ref name=Hindu_fulfilling/>

===The Azad Hind Fauj===
In 1942, during the [[Fall of Singapore|surrender of Singapore]] by the British to the Japanese, Lakshmi aided wounded [[prisoners of war]], many of whom were interested in forming an Indian independence army. Singapore at this time had several nationalist Indians working there including [[K. P. Kesava Menon]], S. C. Guha and N. Raghavan, who formed a Council of Action. Their [[Indian National Army]], or ''Azad Hind Fauj'', however, received no firm commitments or approval from the occupying Japanese forces regarding their participation in the war.<ref name="thehindu">{{cite news|last=Menon|first=Parvathi|title=Captain Lakshmi Sahgal (1914 - 2012) - A life of struggle|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article3672666.ece?homepage=true|access-date=23 July 2012|newspaper=The Hindu|date=23 July 2012|location=Chennai, India}}</ref>

It was against this backdrop that Subhas Chandra Bose arrived in Singapore on 2 July 1943. Lakshmi had heard that Bose was keen to draft women into the organisation and requested a meeting with him from which she emerged with a mandate to set up a women’s regiment, to be called the [[Rani of Jhansi regiment]]. Women responded enthusiastically to join the all-women brigade and Dr. Lakshmi Swaminathan became Captain Lakshmi, a name and identity that would stay with her for life.<ref name="thehindu" />

The INA marched to Burma with the [[Imperial Japanese Army|Japanese army]] in December 1944, but by March 1945, with the tide of war turning against them, the INA leadership decided to beat a retreat before they could enter [[Imphal]]. Captain Lakshmi was arrested by the British army in May 1945, remaining in [[Burma]] until March 1946, when she was sent to India – at a time when the [[INA trials]] in Delhi heightened popular discontent with and hastened the end of colonial rule.<ref name="thehindu" />

==Later years==
In 1971, Lakshmi joined the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] and represented the party in the [[Rajya Sabha]]. During the [[Bangladesh liberation war|Bangladesh crisis]], she organised relief camps and medical aid in Calcutta for refugees who streamed into India from Bangladesh. She was one of the founding members of [[All India Democratic Women's Association]] in 1981 and led many of its activities and campaigns.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tamilnadu.com/personalities/lakshmi-sehgal.html|title=Lakshmi Sehgal|publisher=Tamilnadu.com|date=24 January 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.is/20130411215433/http://tamilnadu.com/personalities/lakshmi-sehgal.html|archive-date=11 April 2013}}</ref> She led a medical team to Bhopal after the gas tragedy in December 1984, worked towards restoring peace in Kanpur following the anti-Sikh riots of 1984 and was arrested for her participation in a campaign against the Miss World competition in Bangalore in 1996.<ref name="thehindu" /> She was still seeing patients regularly at her clinic in Kanpur in 2006, at the age of 92.<ref name="thehindu" />

In 2002, four leftist parties{{spaced ndash}}the [[Communist Party of India]], the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]], the [[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|Revolutionary Socialist Party]], and the [[All India Forward Bloc]]{{spaced ndash}}nominated Sahgal as a candidate in the presidential elections. She was the sole opponent of [[A.P.J. Abdul Kalam]], who emerged victorious.<ref>{{cite news|title=Freedom fighter Captain Lakshmi Sehgal dead|url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/node/142996|access-date=23 July 2012|newspaper=Deccan Chronicle|date=23 July 2012}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Lakshmi married [[Prem Sehgal|Prem Kumar Sahgal]] in March 1947 in [[Lahore]]. After their marriage, they settled in [[Kanpur]], where she continued with her medical practice and aided the refugees who were arriving in large numbers following the [[Partition of India]]. They had two daughters: [[Subhashini Ali]] and Anisa Puri.

Subhashini is a prominent Communist politician and labour activist. According to Ali, Lakshmi was an [[atheist]]. The filmmaker [[Shaad Ali]] is her grandson.<ref>{{cite news|title=Freedom fighter Captain Lakshmi Sehgal passes away|url=http://www.indiatimes.com/national/freedom-fighter-captain-lakshmi-sehgal-passes-away-33204.html | work=The Times Of India}}</ref>

==Death==
On 19 July 2012, Sahgal suffered a cardiac arrest and died on 23 July 2012 at 11:20 A.M. at the age of 97 at Kanpur.<ref>{{cite news| url= http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Captain-Lakshmi-Sahgal-passes-away/articleshow/15103237.cms | title=Captain Lakshmi Sahgal passes away
| date= 23 July 2012 | work=The Times Of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=PTI |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/exemplary-life-capt-lakshmi-sehgal-met-patients-till-the-end/article3673445.ece |title=Exemplary life: Capt Lakshmi Sehgal met patients till the end |publisher=The Hindu |date=23 July 2012 |access-date=31 March 2014}}</ref> Her body was donated to [[Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi Memorial Medical College]] for medical research.<ref>{{cite news|author=TAPAS CHAKRABORTY |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120724/jsp/northeast/story_15763592.jsp#.UA4bF80bsQ0 |title=Lakshmi Sehgal no more |publisher=Telegraphindia.com |date=24 July 2012 |access-date=31 March 2014}}</ref>

==Awards==
In 1998, Sahgal was awarded the [[Padma Vibhushan]] by Indian president [[K. R. Narayanan]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/lakshmi-sahgal-19142012/article3657355.ece#im-image-0 |title=Lakshmi Sahgal (1914-2012) |date=23 July 2012 |work=The Hindu }}</ref> In 2010, she was bestowed with [[honorary doctorate]] by [[University of Calicut]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-12-02 |title=Mammootty Conferred D.Litt by Calicut University |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newswire/story/mammootty-conferred-dlitt-by-calicut-university/703504 |access-date=2020-11-05 |website=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook India]]}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Indian National Army]]
* [[Janaky Athi Nahappan]]
* [[Rasammah Bhupalan]]
* [[Ethnic communities in Kanpur]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
*Subhashini Ali [http://www.india-seminar.com/2004/540/540%20subhashini%20ali.htm Lakshmi Sahgal: A life in service]
*Indra Guptha ''India's 50 Most Illustrious Women'' {{ISBN|81-88086-19-3}}
*[[Peter W. Fay|Peter Fay]] ''The Forgotten Army: India's Armed Struggle for Independence, 1942-1945''

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* [http://www.suryakumari.com/articles/lakshmi.html Lakshmi Sehgal: A life of struggle and sacrifice - by Sambhavika Sharma]
* [http://www.rediff.com/news/2002/jul/04inter.htm Rediff interview 2002]
* [http://www.frontlineonnet.com/fl2511/stories/20080606251101100.htm The Pioneers: The Pioneers: Dr. Lakshmi Sehgal]
* [http://www.indianexpress.com/news/despite-differences-india-is-one-captain-laxmi-sehgal/389553/0 Indian Express Interview: Despite differences, India is one: Captain Laxmi Sehgal]
* [http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/freedom-fighter-captain-lakshmi-sahgal-dies-246468 Freedom fighter Captain Lakshmi Sahgal dies], NDTV
* [http://www.economist.com/node/21559891 Captain Lakshmi], ''The Economist'', 4 August 2012
{{Azad Hind Fauj}}
{{Subhas Chandra Bose}}
{{Padma Vibhushan Awards}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sahgal, Lakshmi}}
[[Category:1914 births]]
[[Category:2012 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian atheists]]
[[Category:Indian revolutionaries]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Vibhushan in public affairs]]
[[Category:Azad Hind]]
[[Category:Indian National Army personnel]]
[[Category:People from Kanpur]]
[[Category:Indian independence movement]]
[[Category:Indian independence activists from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Indian communists]]
[[Category:Indian rebels]]
[[Category:Subhas Chandra Bose]]
[[Category:Madras Medical College alumni]]
[[Category:Candidates for President of India]]
[[Category:Indian gynaecologists]]
[[Category:Indian women gynaecologists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women scientists]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women scientists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian medical doctors]]
[[Category:Indian women of World War II]]
[[Category:Women scientists from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian medical doctors]]
[[Category:Medical doctors from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Women scientists from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Medical doctors from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:20th-century women physicians]]
[[Category:21st-century women physicians]]
[[Category:Female revolutionaries]]