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	==Location==		==Location==
	~~[[File:Western Chalukya Monuments.svg\|thumb\|left\|200px\|Core area of Western Chalukya architectural activity in modern [[Karnataka]] state, [[India]]]]~~
	Lakkundi is about 12 kilometers from the twin city of Gadag-Betageri, between [[Hampi]] and [[Goa]], connected by India's National Highway 67. A home to numerous ruins of historic Hindu and Jain temples, Lakkundi is geographically located in a region with many major temple groups from the [[Kalachuris of Kalyani\|Kalachuris]], [[Chalukyas]], [[Seuna\|Yadavas-Seunas]], [[Hoysalas]] and [[Vijayanagara]] era. For example, it is close to historic temples found in [[Dambal]], [[Kukkanur]], Gadag, Annigeri, Mulgund, Harti, Laksmesvara, Kalkeri, Savadi, Hooli, Rona, Sudi, Koppal, and [[Itagi]].<ref>{{cite book\|author1=Madhusudan A. Dhaky\|author2=Michael Meister\|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Temple Architecture, Volume 1 Part 3 South India, Text & Plates\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a1VJAQAAIAAJ \|year=1996\|publisher=American Institute of Indian Studies\|isbn=978-81-86526-00-2\|pages=3–4, Chapter 33}}</ref> The nearest Railway station is in Gadag city.		Lakkundi is about 12 kilometers from the twin city of Gadag-Betageri, between [[Hampi]] and [[Goa]], connected by India's National Highway 67. A home to numerous ruins of historic Hindu and Jain temples, Lakkundi is geographically located in a region with many major temple groups from the [[Kalachuris of Kalyani\|Kalachuris]], [[Chalukyas]], [[Seuna\|Yadavas-Seunas]], [[Hoysalas]] and [[Vijayanagara]] era. For example, it is close to historic temples found in [[Dambal]], [[Kukkanur]], Gadag, Annigeri, Mulgund, Harti, Laksmesvara, Kalkeri, Savadi, Hooli, Rona, Sudi, Koppal, and [[Itagi]].<ref>{{cite book\|author1=Madhusudan A. Dhaky\|author2=Michael Meister\|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Temple Architecture, Volume 1 Part 3 South India, Text & Plates\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a1VJAQAAIAAJ \|year=1996\|publisher=American Institute of Indian Studies\|isbn=978-81-86526-00-2\|pages=3–4, Chapter 33}}</ref> The nearest Railway station is in Gadag city.

imported>Ms Sarah Welch: /* Temples */ clarify the context, this is a relative term

2021-08-01T14:43:51Z

Temples: clarify the context, this is a relative term

New page

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Lakkundi
| other_name = Lokkigundi
| nickname =
| settlement_type = town
| image_skyline = 11th century Kasivisvesvara temple, Lakkundi, Karnataka India - 03.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Historic temples at Lakkundi
| pushpin_map = India Karnataka#India3
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Karnataka, India
| coordinates = {{coord|15|23|23|N|75|43|06|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Karnataka]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Kannada]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code = 582115
| registration_plate = KA-26
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city
| blank1_info_sec1 = Gadag
| website =
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-KA]]
| footnotes =

}}

'''Lakkundi''', also referred to as '''Lokkugundi''', was a major city prior to the 14th-century, and is now a village in [[Gadag District]] of [[Karnataka]]. By 10th-century, it was already a major economic and commerce center with mint operations for South India, one mentioned in Kannada and Sanskrit inscriptions and texts. By 12th-century, a galaxy of Hindu and Jain temples had been consecrated here, along with public infrastructure such as step wells and water reservoirs. Among the major temples are the Brahma Jinalaya (oldest), Mallikarjuna, Lakshminarayana, Manikeshwara, Naganatha, Kumbheshvara, Nanneshwara, Someshwara, Narayana, Nilakanteshwara, Kasivisesvara (most sophisticated, ornate), Virabhadhara, Virupaksha, and others. As its importance and wealth grew, Lakkundi became one of the capitals of the Hoysalas.<ref name="Tomory1982">{{cite book|author=Edith Tomory|title=A History of Fine Arts in India and the West|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7RTqAAAAMAAJ |year=1982|publisher=Orient Longman|isbn=978-0-86131-321-1|pages=119–120}}</ref><ref name=karhandbook>{{cite web |url=http://gazetteer.kar.nic.in/data/gazetteer/postind/Kar_Handbook_2005_Chapter14.Pdf |access-date=2009-03-03 |title=Chapter XIV, Karnataka, The Tourist Paradise |url-status=dead|archive-date=2009-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090304232130/http://www.gazetteer.kar.nic.in/data/gazetteer/postind/Kar_Handbook_2005_Chapter14.Pdf }}</ref><ref name="Hardy1995">{{cite book|author=Adam Hardy|title=Indian Temple Architecture: Form and Transformation : the Karṇāṭa Drāviḍa Tradition, 7th to 13th Centuries|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aU0hCAS2-08C |year=1995|publisher=Abhinav Publications|isbn=978-81-7017-312-0|pages=157–160, 335–337}}</ref>

In and after the 14th-century, it was one of the cities targeted by Islamic Sultanates as they sought loot and political dominance over the South Indian Hindu kingdoms. The British archaeologists of the 19th-century rediscovered Lakkundi and its significance, found well over 50 temple ruins spread around a small village of Lakkundi, all in filthy condition with some hosting colonies of bats. Ruins from Lakkundi now highlight the history of Indian Art in museums. The major Lakkundi temples have now been restored, with some ruins displayed in a local sculpture gallery (museum) and sheds near the temples. These are maintained by the ASI ([[Archaeological Survey of India]]). Lakkundi is one of the most important centers for the study of Kalyana Chalukya era Hindu architecture, the so-called ''Lakkundi-school'' of architects and craftsmen.<ref name="Hardy1995"/> Other than Hindu and Jain monuments, a Muslim dargah dedicated to Zindeshah Wali is also found here.<ref name=karhandbook/>

==Location==
[[File:Western Chalukya Monuments.svg|thumb|left|200px|Core area of Western Chalukya architectural activity in modern [[Karnataka]] state, [[India]]]]
Lakkundi is about 12 kilometers from the twin city of Gadag-Betageri, between [[Hampi]] and [[Goa]], connected by India's National Highway 67. A home to numerous ruins of historic Hindu and Jain temples, Lakkundi is geographically located in a region with many major temple groups from the [[Kalachuris of Kalyani|Kalachuris]], [[Chalukyas]], [[Seuna|Yadavas-Seunas]], [[Hoysalas]] and [[Vijayanagara]] era. For example, it is close to historic temples found in [[Dambal]], [[Kukkanur]], Gadag, Annigeri, Mulgund, Harti, Laksmesvara, Kalkeri, Savadi, Hooli, Rona, Sudi, Koppal, and [[Itagi]].<ref>{{cite book|author1=Madhusudan A. Dhaky|author2=Michael Meister|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Temple Architecture, Volume 1 Part 3 South India, Text & Plates|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a1VJAQAAIAAJ |year=1996|publisher=American Institute of Indian Studies|isbn=978-81-86526-00-2|pages=3–4, Chapter 33}}</ref> The nearest Railway station is in Gadag city.

== History ==
{{main article|Western Chalukya architecture |Western Chalukya temples}}
Lakkundi is phonetically shortened name of the historic city of ''Lokkigundi'', a name found in inscriptions in the village and those quite far in southern Karnataka and Maharashtra.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/pdf/gazeetter_reprint/History-I/chapter_9.pdf|title= CHAPTER 9. THE CALUKYAS AND THE KALACURYAS OF KALYANI. HISTORY–ANCIENT PERIOD, Chalukya|access-date=2009-03-10}}</ref> The earliest surviving inscription was discovered by British archaeologists on a stone slab near Kanner Bhanvi – a step well in Lakkundi. The inscribed stone slab was being used by local ''dhobis'' (laundry washerman) to wash clothes at the step well.<ref name="Burgess1885"/> The inscription on it dates to 790 CE. This inscription confirms that Lakkundi was already in existence and significant enough for an inscription by the 8th-century. James Fergusson – the 19th-century Scottish historian known for his archaeological and architectural studies in India, reported over 30 more inscriptions from Lakkundi, in Kannada and Sanskrit, most of which range between the 11th and 12th century. Some of these were foundation stone inscriptions of Jain and Hindu temples, others gifts to different temples, to ''Maha-agrahara'', to monasteries such as ''Hiree Matha'' (now lost), to donate step wells for the public and pilgrims, and other purposes. Though damaged, many of them include the ''Saka'' year of the inscription. The profusion of these inscriptions attests to the importance of Lakkundi as a historic city to both Hindu and Jain traditions.<ref name="Burgess1885">{{cite book|author=James Burgess|title=Lists of the Antiquarian Remains in the Bombay Presidency |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xScXAAAAYAAJ |year=1885|publisher=Government Central Press|pages=37–39}}</ref>

[[File:11th century Hindu temple stambha, Kasivisvesvara, Lakkundi, Karnataka.jpg|thumb|A decorated pillar at the Kasivisvesvara temple, Lakkundi]]
Many more inscriptions on stone and copper plates mentioning Lokkugundi have been discovered far from Lakkundi. However, in this part of ancient and medieval Karnataka, Lokkugundi is among the most mentioned cities. By 1884, some thirty five Hindu and Jain inscriptions dated to between the 9th and 13th-century CE had been found that mention Lokkugundi.<ref name="Campbell1884">{{cite book|author=J.M. Campbell|title=Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Dháwár |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wxlBAQAAMAAJ |year=1884|publisher=Government Central Press|pages=389–390}}</ref> Though Lakkundi was an established town in the second half of the 1st millennium, its growth and wealth came after 973 CE when Taila II, a Chalukya of Vatapi descendant and chieftain appointed in 965 CE, organized a successful revolt against Karkka II of the Rashtrakuta dynasty. In regional texts, the reign that followed is called ''Cālukya'' (Later Chalukyas, Kalyani Chalukyas, or Chalukyas of Kalyana) to distinguish them from the ''Calukya'' (Early Chalukyas). Lakkundi flowered and grew with the Shiva-tradition Hindu monarch Satyasraya Irivabedanga – the successor and son of Taila II who came to power in 997 or 998 CE. This is attested by both Jain and Hindu inscriptions of early 11th-century, particularly of a woman named Attimabbe who gets permission from Satyasraya to build her Jaina temple, which she did and which is now the oldest surviving Brahma Jinalaya temple in Lakkundi.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Madhusudan A. Dhaky|author2=Michael Meister|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Temple Architecture, Volume 1 Part 3 South India, Text & Plates|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a1VJAQAAIAAJ |year=1996|publisher=American Institute of Indian Studies|isbn=978-81-86526-00-2|pages=3–7}}</ref><ref>G. S. Dikshit (1947), ''Satyasraya Chalukya'', Proceedings of the Indian History Congress, Vol. 10, pp. 241-244, {{JSTOR|44137139}}</ref>

Lakkundi grew to be a major city, prosperous and one with a mint. Lakkundi and several historic towns to its north – such as Rona, Sudi, Kradugu now known as Gadag, Hooli and others – attracted a burst of religious, cultural and literary flowering from the 11th to 13th century, with ever more sophisticated temple architectures, Vidyadana (charity supported schools) and public works such as step wells. These are largely in the context of Shaivism and Jainism, though a few major temples of Vaishnavism here are also from this period.<ref name="AlberyHartmann2021">{{cite book|author=Nupur Dasgupta|editor1=Henry Albery|editor2=Jens-Uwe Hartmann|editor3=Himanshu Prabha Ray|title=Power, Presence and Space: South Asian Rituals in Archaeological Context|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KWHwDwAAQBAJ |year=2021|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-00-016880-8|pages=260–272}}</ref>

Smaller Lakkundi monuments can be traced to the [[Kalachuris of Kalyani|Kalachuris]], the short rule here of the [[Seuna]]s and the longer rule of the [[Hoysalas]]. In 1192 CE, after many of the remarkable temples of Lakkundi were already standing, a Sanskrit inscription of Hoysala king Ballala II re-affirms the continued importance of Lakkundi and it becoming his capital.<ref>{{cite book|author=Nupur Dasgupta|editor1=Henry Albery|editor2=Jens-Uwe Hartmann|editor3=Himanshu Prabha Ray|title=Power, Presence and Space: South Asian Rituals in Archaeological Context|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KWHwDwAAQBAJ |year=2021|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-00-016880-8|pages=279–280}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Edith Tomory|title=A History of Fine Arts in India and the West|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7RTqAAAAMAAJ|year=1982|publisher=Orient Longman|isbn=978-0-86131-321-1|page=120}}</ref> After the 13th-century, there is an abrupt end to all evidence of new public works, temples, inscriptions and other indirect signs of economic prosperity in Lakkundi.

=== Temples ===
Lakkundi has about 50 temples and temple ruins of different sizes and sophistication, all dated to pre-14th century. They are of Shaivism, Jainism and Vaishnavism, though most temples include diverse iconography such as Surya and of Vedic deities such as Brahma. For example, the oldest Jaina temple – Brahma Jinalaya – includes Hindu statues and artworks such as that of 4-headed Brahma, Saraswati and Lakshmi, along with Mahavira, Parsvanatha and other Tirthankaras. The major surviving temples in Lakkundi include:<ref name="Burgess1885"/>

{| class="wikitable"
|+Lakkundi temples
!Temple
!Year/Century
!Image
!Notes
|-
|[[Brahma Jinalaya]]
|1007 CE<ref>{{cite book|author1=Madhusudan A. Dhaky|author2=Michael Meister|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Temple Architecture, Volume 1 Part 3 South India, Text & Plates|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a1VJAQAAIAAJ |year=1996|publisher=American Institute of Indian Studies|isbn=978-81-86526-00-2|pages=89–91}}</ref>
|[[File:11th century Brahma Jinalaya temple, Lakkundi, Karnataka India - 01.jpg|100px]]
|the largest Jain temple in Lakkundi, the oldest of the large temples (1007 CE)
|-
|[[Naganatha Temple, Lakkundi]]
|early 11th century<ref>{{cite book|author1=Madhusudan A. Dhaky|author2=Michael Meister|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Temple Architecture, Volume 1 Part 3 South India, Text & Plates|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a1VJAQAAIAAJ |year=1996|publisher=American Institute of Indian Studies|isbn=978-81-86526-00-2|pages=83–84, 87}}</ref>
|[[File:12th century Naganatha temple, Lakkundi, Karnataka India - 01.jpg|100px]]
|another Jain temple, to Parsvanatha and Naga (serpent deity)
|-
|[[Kasivisvesvara Temple, Lakkundi]]
|1030 CE<ref name=dhaky95/>
|[[File:11th century Kasivisvesvara temple, Lakkundi, Karnataka India - 06.jpg|100px]]
|also known as Kavatalesvara temple in historic texts, it is a Hindu twin temple – one for Shiva and the other for Surya, highly ornate and most sophisticated among the Lakkundi temples; according to Burgess, it has "one of the finest surviving illustration of Hindu decorative artwork in India". One of the best illustrations of Kalyana-Chalukya style of Hindu architecture.<ref name=dhaky95>{{cite book|author1=Madhusudan A. Dhaky|author2=Michael Meister|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Temple Architecture, Volume 1 Part 3 South India, Text & Plates|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a1VJAQAAIAAJ |year=1996|publisher=American Institute of Indian Studies|isbn=978-81-86526-00-2|pages=95–100}}</ref>
|-
|[[Malikarjuna Temple, Lakkundi]]
|11th century<ref>{{cite book|author1=Madhusudan A. Dhaky|author2=Michael Meister|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Temple Architecture, Volume 1 Part 3 South India, Text & Plates|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a1VJAQAAIAAJ |year=1996|publisher=American Institute of Indian Studies|isbn=978-81-86526-00-2|pages=83–84, 87}}</ref>
|
|a Hindu temple
|-
|[[Halagund Basavanna Temple, Lakkundi]]
|
|
|a Shaiva Lingayat temple
|-
|[[Virupaksha Temple, Lakkundi]]
|1010 CE<ref>{{cite book|author1=Madhusudan A. Dhaky|author2=Michael Meister|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Temple Architecture, Volume 1 Part 3 South India, Text & Plates|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a1VJAQAAIAAJ |year=1996|publisher=American Institute of Indian Studies|isbn=978-81-86526-00-2|pages=88–89}}</ref>
|[[File:11th 12th century Virupaksha temple, Lakkundi, Karnataka India - 01.jpg|100px]]
|active and most attended village temple, has Rashtrakuta-style Hindu architecture
|-
|[[Lakshminarayana Temple, Lakkundi]]
|11th century<ref>{{cite book|author1=Madhusudan A. Dhaky|author2=Michael Meister|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Temple Architecture, Volume 1 Part 3 South India, Text & Plates|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a1VJAQAAIAAJ |year=1996|publisher=American Institute of Indian Studies|isbn=978-81-86526-00-2|pages=83–84, 87}}</ref>
|
|a Vishnu temple
|-
|[[Manikesvar Temple, Lakkundi]]
|1160 CE<ref>{{cite book|author1=Madhusudan A. Dhaky|author2=Michael Meister|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Temple Architecture, Volume 1 Part 3 South India, Text & Plates|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a1VJAQAAIAAJ |year=1996|publisher=American Institute of Indian Studies|isbn=978-81-86526-00-2|page=102}}</ref>
|[[File:11th 12th century Manikeshwara temple, Lakkundi, Karnataka India - 01.jpg|100px]]
|a trikuta temple with one of many historic step wells in Lakkundi
|-
|[[Virabhadra Temple, Lakkundi]]
|11th century<ref>{{cite book|author1=Madhusudan A. Dhaky|author2=Michael Meister|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Temple Architecture, Volume 1 Part 3 South India, Text & Plates|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a1VJAQAAIAAJ |year=1996|publisher=American Institute of Indian Studies|isbn=978-81-86526-00-2|pages=83–84, 87}}</ref>
|
|a Hindu temple
|-
|[[Nanesvara Temple, Lakkundi]]
|1020–30 CE<ref>{{cite book|author1=Madhusudan A. Dhaky|author2=Michael Meister|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Temple Architecture, Volume 1 Part 3 South India, Text & Plates|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a1VJAQAAIAAJ |year=1996|publisher=American Institute of Indian Studies|isbn=978-81-86526-00-2|pages=92–94}}</ref>
|[[File:11th century Nannesvara temple, Lakkundi, Karnataka India - 01.jpg|100px]]
|a Hindu temple with innovations in mandapa and pillar architecture, one of the earliest examples of fully-developed Kalyana Chalukya style
|-
|[[Somesvara Temple, Lakkundi]]
|11th-century<ref>{{cite book|author1=Madhusudan A. Dhaky|author2=Michael Meister|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Temple Architecture, Volume 1 Part 3 South India, Text & Plates|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a1VJAQAAIAAJ |year=1996|publisher=American Institute of Indian Studies|isbn=978-81-86526-00-2|pages=87–88}}</ref>
|
|a Shiva temple closer to the historic fort walls, parts of the temple have influences from the Sudi–Aihole school of Hindu architecture
|-
|[[Nilakanthesvara Temple, Lakkundi]]
|11th century<ref>{{cite book|author1=Madhusudan A. Dhaky|author2=Michael Meister|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Temple Architecture, Volume 1 Part 3 South India, Text & Plates|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a1VJAQAAIAAJ |year=1996|publisher=American Institute of Indian Studies|isbn=978-81-86526-00-2|pages=83–84, 87}}</ref>
|
|a Shiva temple with notable artwork on the outer walls
|-
|[[Kumbheshvara Temple, Lakkundi]]
|Late 11th or early 12th century<ref>{{cite book|author1=Madhusudan A. Dhaky|author2=Michael Meister|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Temple Architecture, Volume 1 Part 3 South India, Text & Plates|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a1VJAQAAIAAJ |year=1996|publisher=American Institute of Indian Studies|isbn=978-81-86526-00-2|pages=100–102}}</ref>
|[[File:11th 12th century Kumbhareshwara temple, Lakkundi, Karnataka India - 01.jpg|100px]]
|another trikuta Hindu temple with one section better preserved, now surrounded by private homes, the symmetric gudhamandapa is brilliantly structured and constructed
|-
|Other Hindu and Jaina temple ruins
|8th to 13th-century
|
|Siddharamesvara temple, for example, is a small Karnata-Chalukya style temple from the early 11th-century.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Madhusudan A. Dhaky|author2=Michael Meister|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Temple Architecture, Volume 1 Part 3 South India, Text & Plates|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a1VJAQAAIAAJ |year=1996|publisher=American Institute of Indian Studies|isbn=978-81-86526-00-2|page=87}}</ref>
|-
|}

=== Step wells ===
{{expand section|date=August 2021}}
[[File:Stepped Well at ManikesvaraTemple in Lakkundi.JPG|thumb|right|200px|Step well near the Manikesvara Hindu Temple in Lakkundi]]
Lakkundi has a number of step wells, some functioning as water tanks for the temples. These are artistically built with small canopied niches enshrining [[linga]]s. The Chateer Bavi, Kanne Bavi and Musukina Bavi are architecturally significant and popular for their artwork and carvings.

=== Inscriptions ===
{{expand section|date=August 2021}}
Over two dozen Kannada and Sanskrit inscriptions from different Hindu dynasties have been found at Lakkundi. These describe gifts and donations, donor names and which social classes these donors came from, the ritual and cultural aspects of their times and the socio-political contexts of medieval era Karnataka. Some of these are important to help establish the Jain heritage in Karnataka during these Hindu dynasties.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.jainheritagecentres.com/karnataka/lakkundi.htm |title = LAKKUNDI |publisher = By Dr. A. V. Narasimha Murthy |access-date = 2009-03-03
|url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090106124225/http://www.jainheritagecentres.com/karnataka/lakkundi.htm
|archive-date = 2009-01-06}}</ref> Some of these include:
* The inscriptions of the [[Kalyani Chalukyas]] king Irive Bedanga narrates in ''Ajithanatha Purana'' the details of the construction of the Brahma Jinalaya by Attimabbe and the donations.
* The inscriptions of the [[Kalachuris of Kalyani]] King Sovideva (1173 A.D.) reveals the donation of gold to a Basadi by Gunanidi Keshava.
* The important inscriptions of [[Kalyani Chalukyas]] Somashekara VI (1185 A.D.), reveals the donation for conducting ''Ashtavidharchana''. Another 12th-century inscription mentions the donation of land to Tribhuvana tilaka Shantinatha. Also an inscription mentions the existence of Jain saints Mulasangha Devanga.

== Tourism ==
Lakkundi is known for the [[Western Chalukya architecture|Chalukya style temples]], stepped wells and historic inscriptions. Lakkundi is often a gem missed by majority of tourists.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.gazetteer.kar.nic.in/data/gazetteer/postind/Kar_Handbook_2005_Chapter14.Pdf
|format=PDF
|title=Handbook of Karnataka, Lakkundi
|access-date=2008-08-20
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120216065838/http://www.gazetteer.kar.nic.in/data/gazetteer/postind/Kar_Handbook_2005_Chapter14.Pdf
|archive-date=2012-02-16
}}</ref> One take the trouble of making visit to Lakkundi is rewarded with one of the fine architectural feasts of the Kalyana Chalukya period (c. 10th century CE).

==Gallery==

<gallery widths="135px" heights="115px>
File:11th century Kasivisvesvara temple, Lakkundi, Karnataka India - 22.jpg|A relief on the outer wall, Kasivisvesvara Temple
File:11th century Kasivisvesvara temple, Lakkundi, Karnataka India - 46.jpg|A relief on the inner wall, Kasivisvesvara Temple
File:Pierced Window Screen at Manikesvara Temple at Lakkundi.JPG|A pierced window screen brings light into the ''[[mantapa]]'' at Manikesvara Temple
File:Kirtimukha decoration on sikhara at Kasivisvesvara temple at Lakkundi.jpg|Nanneshwara Temple at Lakkundi
File:11th century Brahma Jinalaya temple, Lakkundi, Karnataka India - 85.jpg|Tirthankara image in the sanctum
File:12th century Naganatha temple, Lakkundi, Karnataka India - 07.jpg|Tirthankara in the Gavaska, Naganatha Jain temple
File:Chaturmukha (four faced) Brahma image in the mantapa in the Jain temple at Lakkundi.jpg|Chaturmukha [[Brahma]] image at Jain Temple
File:Open mantapa with sikhara in the background in Nanesvara temple at Lakkundi.jpg|Nanneshwara Temple at Lakkundi
File:Open mantapa of Jain temple at Lakkundi.jpg|Nanneshwara Temple at Lakkundi
File:Muskin Bhanvi in Lakkundi - 2.jpg|One of many step well (pushkarni, vav) in Lakkundi
File:Lakkundi_tableau_at_Vishwa_Kannada_sammelana_Belgaum.jpg | Lakkundi tableau at Vishwa Kannada sammelana Belgaum
</gallery>

== See also ==
{{Commons category|Lakkundi}}
{|
|-valign=top
|
* [[Western Chalukya temples]]
* [[Western Chalukya architecture]]
* [[Western Chalukya Empire]]
* [[Annigeri]]
* [[Dambal]]
* [[Gadag]]
* [[Mahadeva Temple (Itagi)]]
* [[Kuknur]]
|
* [[Lakshmeshwar]]
* [[Kundgol]]
* [[Haveri]]
* [[Sudi]]
* [[Kamthana]]
* [[North Karnataka]]
* [[Tourism in North Karnataka]]
* [[Temples of North Karnataka]]
|}

== Architecture References ==
* [[Western Chalukya architecture]]
* [[Hindu temple architecture]]
* [[Hoysala architecture]]
* [[Vijayanagara architecture]]
* [[Badami Chalukya Architecture|Badami Chalukya architecture]]
* [[Dravidian architecture]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
11. LAKKUNDIY BRAMAJINALAY : VASTU-SHILP-SHASAN (2014, Dr. Appanna N. Hanje, Vidyashre Prakashan, ALAGAWADI-591317
12. LAKKUNDIY BASADIGALU (2015), Dr. Appanna N. Hanje, Vidyashre Prakashan, ALAGAWADI-591317
13. SAMAVASARAN (Research Articles-2015), Dr. Appanna N. Hanje, Vidyashre Prakashan, ALAGAWADI-591317

== External links ==
* [http://www.deccanherald.com/content/247599/marvels-lakkundi.html Marvels of Lakkundi]
* [http://www.templenet.com/Karnataka/kalyani_chalukya.html Kalyani Chalukya Architecture]

{{Historical Places in Karnataka}}
{{Hindu temples in Karnataka}}

{{Historical Places in North Karnataka}}
{{Historical places of Chalukyas}}
{{Tourism in India}}
{{Gadag}}

[[Category:Archaeological sites in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Villages in Gadag district]]
[[Category:Former capital cities in India]]
[[Category:Tourism in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Gadag district]]
[[Category:History of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Chalukya dynasty]]
[[Category:Rashtrakuta dynasty]]
[[Category:Western Chalukya Empire]]

Lakkundi - Revision history

Naveed Aslam: minor changes

Delinker: Bot: Delinking broken file(s) using script (info)

imported>Ms Sarah Welch: /* Temples */ clarify the context, this is a relative term